A Review of Nano Particle Usage on Textile Material against Ultra Violet Radiation

Ultra violet radiation is detrimental to human skin and responsible for various skin diseases that is now worldwide growing concern for the people. Sun screen lotions, however, considered best possible solution but its temporary attachment didn’t bring the real impact. The advancement of nano technology provides a number of techniques to introduce UV protected fabric by applying certain semi conductor metal oxide. So many researches have been carried out to coat the fabric using certain nano particles namely ZnO and TiO2 to improve the UV absorption capacity of material as well as increasing UPF value to protect the human skin which have been playing a significant role to provide UV protected clothing. This paper deals with the harmful impact of ultra violet radiation on human skin, UPF measurement method and UV protective finishing on textile material using nano ZnO and nano TiO2 particle.

A spectroscopic study on the effect of ultra-violet solar radiation in Antarctica on the human skin fbroblast cells

A study on the effect of the solar ultra-violet radiation on the human skin fibroblast cells revealed that the production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was inhibited by the radiation.A CO2 incubator connected by optical fibers to a reflector telescope for collecting the solar light was built at Syowa station by the 49th Japanese Antarctica Research Expedition.The direction of the telescope was continuously controlled by a sun-tracker to follow the movement of the Sun automatically.The intensity of the collected light was monitored by a portable spectrophotometer housed inside.The human skin fibroblast cells were incubated in the CO2 chamber to investigate the effect of the solar radiation at Syowa station and were compared with those reference experiments at a laboratory in Japan.The results showed cell damage by strong UV radiation.The production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 was prompted by the moderate UV-B,but was inhibited by the strong UV-B radiation,as studied under laboratory conditions in Japan.The effect of strong solar radiation at Syowa station involving the radiation of UV-B region was estimated to be of the same extent of the radiation caused by an artificial UV-B light with the intensity more than 50 mJ/cm2.

Photocatalytic Activity of Titanium Dioxide Powder Fabricated from an Anodized Titanium Sheet under Ultra-Violet and Visible Light Irradiation

A commercially pure titanium sheet with titanium carbide (TiC) precipitated in its surface layer was anodized in NH4NO3 aqueous solution and heat treated in air. The photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide powder collected from the surface of the anodized titanium sheet was evaluated under ultra-violet and visible light irradiation. It showed relatively high photocatalytic activity in 0.1 mol/l potassium iodide solution, which was almost equal to the activity level of TiO2 powder (P-25) manufactured by Degussa Corporation. The better photocatalytic activity under ultra-violet irradiation is considered to be related to the formation of anatase type titanium dioxide. Photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation was also observed, which was considered to be attributable to impurity doping, (carbon), in the titanium dioxide powder.

Detecting Ultra-Violet Radiation by Using Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

In this paper sensitivity of chemically synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to ultra-violet (UV) radiation is investigated. For this purpose three types of ultra-violet photodetectors were fabricated, one with as-synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles, another one with TiO2 nanoparticles annealed at 600℃, and the third one with TiO2 nanoparticles annealed at 800℃. In each case the annealing time duration was one hour. The photodetectors were fabricated on glass slides where on them a thin layer of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) was deposited by spray pyrolysis. The results show that all photodetectors are sensitive to UV radiation where the photodetectors fabricated from annealed TiO2 nanoparticles are more sensitive than the photodetectors fabricated from as-synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles.

Radiation of Ultra Low Frequency Electromagnetic Waves from Atmosphere under the Influence of Strong Shock Waves

We present preliminary results from the experimental investigation of the response of the atmosphere due to the impact of powerful shock waves. The response is evidenced as ultra low frequency electromagnetic wave radiation at frequency of 2-5 kHz and in duration of 3 7s. We hypothesize that this radiation appears due to the following process： the shock wave ionizes the neutral particles in the air and these charged and neutral particles continue their vertical motion, which forms in the trail of the shock wave. Such motion can cause the cyclotron-like radiation measured.

Research on Pulse Radiation Characteristics of Leaf-like Ultra Wide Band Antenna

A new kind of ultra wideband antenna,which consists of a leaf-like dipole and a dielectric block,is proposed and analyzed.The dielectric block is attached in parallel with the dipole near its feed point.Thus,the near field is attracted to the side where the dielectric block is located.It leads to a focusing effect of the energy in the far zone.The finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)method combined with the perfectly matched layers(PML)technique is used in the simulation of the antenna radiation characteristics.The research shows that,with proper dielectric loading and 50 Ω feeding line,the bandwidth of the antenna can be up to 6.5 GHz,from 3.5 GHz to 10 GHz with VSWR(voltage standing wave ratio)less than 2.5.

High-Sensitivity Ozone Sensing Using 280 nm Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode for Detection of Natural Hazard Ozone

Recently ozone is one of natural hazards which comes from cars, industry using ozone for sterilization of organic and inorganic materials and for water purification. So, ozone sensing becomes very important, and convenient and accurate ozone sensor is required. A new high sensitivity ozone sensing system using an deep ultra-violet light emitting diode (DUV-LED) operated at the wavelength of 280 nm has been successfully constructed. The fabrication of diode operated at 280 nm is much easier than that of DUV-LED operated at Hg lamp wavelength of 254 nm. The system is compact and possible to sense the ozone concentration less than 0.1 ppm with an accuracy of 0.5% easily with low power DUV-LED of around 200 micro Watts operated at 280 nm without any data processing circuit.

Material Properties and Mold Folded Core Based on Ultra-violet Cured Resins

Ultra-violet(UV)curing is an efficient method for composite molding.Firstly,thermophysical properties of UV cured glass-fiber reinforced plastics are conducted.Material properties are studied for various kinds of postcuring modes.Then the UV curing method is suggested in manufacturing V-crimp folded core for sandwich panels.Two kinds of processing schemes for V-crimp folded core manufacturing using UV curing are presented.Finally,the effect of post-curing on the mechanical properties of folded core sandwiches is experimentally studied,and optimum modes of post-curing are determined.The experimental results show that the ultimate compressive strength of the folded sandwiches is increased by 60% after post-curing with the optimum post-curing mode.

Study on the transient radiation for apertures excited by rectangle pulse

The analytic representation of the transient radiation for an aperture excited by a rectangle pulse is obtained. It shows that the field duration and amplitude depend on the observation distance, the elevation angle, the pulse width of the rectangle pulse and the aperture size.

Heat radiative characteristics of ultra-attenuated materials

From the microstructure of heat radiation, the interaction between theincident heat radiative wave and the electromagnetism syntonic wave is analyzed to reveal theemission, absorption, transmission and reflection mechanisms of the incident heat radiative wave inmaterials. Based on Lorentz dispersion theory, the effect of optical parameters on heat radiativecharacteristics is also analyzed. The method of ultra-attenuation and nanocrystallization improvingthe heat radiative characteristics of the material and the emissivity dispersion of theultra-attenuated materials are brought to light.

Biological Defenses against Ultra-Violet, Visible Light, and Near-Infrared Exposure

Objective: Humans are increasingly exposed to artificial light and electromagnetic wave radiation, in addition to solar radiation. Many studies have shown the biological effects of ultra-violet and near-infrared exposure, but few have extensively investigated the innate biological defenses within human tissues against visible light and near-infrared exposure. Herein, we investigated spectral properties of endogenous human biological defenses against ultra-violet to near-infrared. Methods: A double-beam spectrophotometer (190 - 2700 nm) was used to measure the transmission spectra of a saline solution used to imitate perspiration, and oil to imitate sebum, as well as human skin, blood, adipose tissue, and muscle. Results: Saline (thickness, 0.5 mm) blocked 27.5% - 98.6% of ultra-violet, 13.2% - 34.3% of visible light, and 10.7% - 99.8% of near-infrared. Oil (thickness, 0.5 mm) blocked 50.5% - 100% of ultra-violet, 28.7% - 54.8% of visible light, and 19.0% - 98.3% of near-infrared. Blood thicknesses of 0.05 and 0.5 mm blocked over 97.8%, 100% of ultra-violet, over 94.6%, 99.7% of visible light, and over 75.8%, 99.4% of near-infrared, respectively. Skin thicknesses of 0.25 and 0.5 mm blocked over 99.4%, 100% of ultra-violet and over 94.3%, 99.7% of visible light, and over 74.7%, 93.5% of near-infrared, respectively. Adipose tissue thickness of 0.25 and0.5 mm blocked over 98.3%, 100% of ultra-violet, over 94.7%, 99.7% of visible light, and over 88.1%, 98.6% of near-infrared, respectively. Muscle thickness of 0.25 and0.5 mm blocked over 95.4%, 99.8% of ultra-violet, over 93.1%, 99.5% of visible light, and over 86.9%, 98.3% of near-infrared, respectively. Conclusions: Humans possess endogenous biological protection against ultra-violet, visible light and near-infrared exposure on multiple levels, including through perspiration, sebum, blood, skin, adipose tissue, and muscle. Since solar and artificial radiation affects human tissues, biological defenses made of biological materials may be induced to protect subcutaneous tissues against these wavelengths.

基于光通量计量法的紫外辐射测定方法建立及其应用研究

近年来,我国大气一次污染颗粒物的浓度逐渐下降,二次生成的气溶胶已经成为了大气颗粒物的主要组成部分。新粒子生成作为二次生成气溶胶的重要来源,本世纪以来受到的关注也越来越高。而气态硫酸作为新粒子生成化学过程中一种极为重要的前体物,由于其浓度极低,检测所需的仪器灵敏度极高,因此如何准确定量气态硫酸是新粒子形成机制研究中最大的难点。现有的气态硫酸的定量方法主要是基于光化学法,利用紫外辐射光解水汽产生OH自由基后与过量的二氧化硫反应最终生成气态硫酸,气态硫酸的浓度由紫外光强与水汽浓度共同决定。其中紫外光强的直接测量存在着较大的不确定性,这主要是由于光强在气态硫酸标定装置的反应腔体中分布不均匀,此外,在实际大气条件下标定时还会受到背景气溶胶的散射、吸收作用的影响。因此,此研究建立并比较了两种分别基于臭氧和氧化亚氮光通量计量法的紫外辐射测定的间接测量方法。结果表明:基于臭氧的间接测量法的主要误差来自于氧气的吸收截面,理论误差>60%,实际实验室的重复实验误差约为12%;基于氧化亚氮的间接测量法的主要误差来自于二级反应速率kn的测量误差、反应产物检测仪器及流量控制装置的不确定性,理论误差<16%,实际实验室的重复实验误差<1%。将基于氧化亚氮的间接测量法应用于外场观测的气态硫酸检测时,在为期半个月每天一次的定标气态硫酸中,气态硫酸的测量误差约为24%,接近或优于国外观测结果,证明基于氧化亚氮的光通量计量法对于紫外辐射的测定方法具有较好的准确性和稳定度,可以有效应用于气态硫酸的定量测量。

40~90 nm波段极紫外多层膜研究进展

极紫外多层膜反射镜在许多科学与技术领域,如极紫外光刻、天体物理学、等离子体诊断、阿秒物理和自由电子激光等方面有重要应用。多层膜使极紫外波段反射镜在正入射条件下具有高反射率和窄带宽成为可能。多层膜反射镜是极紫外成像和光谱应用的重要器件,多层膜构成的极紫外成像系统已成功完成多个太阳单一谱线的成像观测。本文综述了40~90 nm波段最有前景的多层膜的研究进展。首先简要介绍了多层膜的基本原理,叙述了40~90 nm波段材料光学常数的测量,总结了Mg基、Sc基和镧系材料以及其他材料组成多层膜的进展,给出了目前达到的最佳反射率和带宽,阐明了多层膜的时间稳定性,从而为40~90 nm波段多层膜制备提供了技术指导。

ARFI-VTQ技术定量评价下肢肌间静脉单纯扩张与急性期血栓的探讨

目的 探讨ARFI-VTQ技术对下肢肌间静脉单纯扩张与急性期血栓的定量分析能力。方法 选取单纯下肢肌间静脉扩张患者29例(30肢)作为肌间静脉扩张组,单纯下肢肌间静脉急性期血栓患者29例(41肢)作为急性期血栓组,分析两组二维及多普勒声像图特征,并分别行ARFI-VTQ检查,获得两组患者各自SWV测值,比较两组患者测值差异性;绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),获得区分下肢肌间静脉单纯扩张与急性期血栓的最佳结果。结果 肌间静脉扩张组超声检查表现:管腔内呈无回声,部分自发显影,呈流沙样改变;管腔可被压闭,挤压后可见血流信号显示;SWV测值0.84~1.59 m/s,平均(1.32±0.17)m/s,取样深度2.0~3.5 cm,平均(2.64±0.41)cm。急性期血栓组超声检查表现:管腔内呈极低回声或低回声;管腔不可压闭,无血流信号或少许血流信号;SWV测值1.54~2.41 m/s,平均(1.86±0.19)m/s,取样深度0.9~3.6 cm,平均(2.43±0.59)cm。绘制ROC曲线,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)99.5%(95%CI:0.985-1.000,P<0.001),以1.60 m/s为截断值,ARFI-VTQ技术诊断急性期血栓的灵敏度为95.0%,特异度为100%。结论 ARFI-VTQ技术能够定量分析单纯肌间静脉扩张与急性期肌间静脉血栓,在两者的鉴别诊断方面具有良好的敏感度及特异度。

噪声指数联合深度学习图像重建对肺部CT图像质量和辐射剂量的影响

目的探讨深度学习图像重建(DLIR)在超低剂量肺部CT成像中的应用价值。方法选取2024年3~4月在陕西中医药大学附属医院行肺部CT平扫患者66例。所有患者均采用GE Revolution CT扫描,固定管电压100 kVp,第1次采用噪声指数(NI)=15的常规辐射剂量扫描,滤波反投影算法重建图像;第2次采用NI=45的超低辐射剂量扫描,中、高等强度深度学习图像重建(DLIR-M、DLIR-H)进行对比。在3组重建图像上测量左上肺乏血供区域CT值与标准差值(SD),SD代表噪声,计算信噪比(SNR)。由2位放射科诊断医师采用5分法进行主观评价,比较3组客观数值和主观评分。结果NI=45组约减少93.7%辐射剂量;DLIR强度影响超低剂量条件下客观指标,DLIR-H较DLIR-M有更低的噪声,更高的SNR(P<0.05);2位医师对3组图像质量一致性评价好(Kappa值为0.952、0.846、0.903);对比3组图像质量评分、图像合格率及满意率,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在减少93.7%辐射剂量条件下,DLIR能够获得与常规剂量接近的肺部图像,进一步减低了肺部疾病筛查的辐射剂量。

孔口流量计在超大流量气溶胶采样器现场校准中的应用

基于辐射环境自动监测站超大流量气溶胶采样器的运行环境和工作特点,对其现场校准装置进行了研究和探讨。研究小组根据不同原理的气体流量计特点,分别采用涡轮流量计原理、孔口流量计原理2种可以开展超大流量气溶胶采样器校准的流量校准装置进行了现场测试。现场测试表明,孔口流量计原理的流量校准装置对辐射自动监测站超大流量气溶胶采样器流量的校准准确可靠且易于操作。孔口流量计原理的校准装置具有测量精度高、便携和续航能力强等优点,可满足相关规范对流量示值误差的要求,为计量机构对超大流量气溶胶采样器开展现场校准提供技术支撑。

Ultra Fast Shutter Driven by Pulsed High Current

Radiation simulation utilizing plasma radiation sources (PRS) generates a large number of undesirable debris, which may damage the expensive diagnosing detectors. An ultra fast shutter (UFS) driven by pulsed high current can erect a physical barrier to the slowly moving debris after allowing the passage of X-ray photons. The UFS consists of a pair of thin metal foils twisting the parallel axes in a Nylon cassette, compressed with an outer magnetic field, generated from a fast capacitor bank, discharging into a single turn loop. A typical capacitor bank is of 7.5μF charging voltages varying from 30 kV to 45 kV, with corresponding currents of approximately 90 kA to140 kA and discharging current periods of approximately 13.1μs. A shutter closing time as fast as 38 microseconds has been obtained with an aluminium foil thickness of 100 micrometers and a cross-sectional area of 15 mm by 20 mm. The design, construction and the expressions of the valve-closing time of the UFS are presented along with the measured results of valve-closing velocities.

Ultra-Wideband Log Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) for Wireless Communication Applications

This paper proposes a printed log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) for ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) applications. The antenna comprises of cascading four U shaped elements of different line lengths with balun circuit to improve the antenna impedance matching. The proposed antenna dimensions are 50 × 50 mm2 with FR4 substrate thickness 0.8 mm. Full-wave EM solver HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) is used for modeling the proposed antenna. The pulse distortion is verified by the measured the proposed antenna performance with virtually steady group delay. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed antenna exhibits good impedance matching, stable radiation patterns throughout the whole operating frequency bands, acceptable gain and stable group delay over the entire operating band. An UWB extended from 1.85 GHz to 11 GHz is obtained, and the average antenna gain is about 5.5 dBi over the operating band with peak gain around 6.5 dBi and 70% average radiation efficiency.

小型化多陷波新型超宽带天线设计与研究

提出了一种小型化新型多陷波超宽带(UWB)天线,陷波结构简单且紧凑,该天线体积仅为25 mm×18 mm×1 mm。天线由改进矩形辐射贴片和改进的半圆形接地板组成,天线的工作带宽为3.1~15.1 GHz。在辐射贴片上开U形窄缝隙和倒U形槽,实现了4.1~4.8 GHz频段和7.1~7.9 GHz频段的陷波特性,且在微带线上刻蚀U形窄缝隙,产生了5.4~5.9 GHz频段的陷波特性,通过优化测试表明,该天线能有效抑制INSAT波段(4.4~4.5 GHz)、国际卫星波段(4.5~4.8 GHz)波段、部分WLAN波段(5.725~5.825 GHz)以及X波段(7.25~7.75 GHz)多频段的窄带信号干扰。除陷波频段外,该天线具有良好的性能和全向辐射特性,适合应用于各类超宽带系统中。

基于冲击脉冲辐射天线的高功率超宽带电磁脉冲辐射系统

为给超宽带电磁脉冲效应机理与防护技术的研究提供实验平台,研制了一种基于冲击脉冲辐射天线(impulse radiation antenna,IRA)的高功率超宽带电磁脉冲辐射系统,辐射系统由差分脉冲高压源、锋化开关、IRA和介质透镜等部分构成。设计中,差分脉冲高压源由基于氢闸流管的脉冲源驱动副边中心抽头的脉冲变压器实现;设计的紧凑型锋化开关高度仅为1 cm,开关间隙为1 mm,可嵌入IRA天线馈电点,开关最高工作气压可达3 MPa;基于菲涅尔定理设计了介质透镜,以校正锋化开关和绝缘变压器油对IRA天线辐射中心的影响,改善了天线的辐射特性;辐射系统可通过改变锋化开关的气压和充电电压调节系统辐射功率。测试实验表明辐射系统的主要技术参数如下:在时域,在天线主轴距离口径面5.5 m处辐射电场脉冲上升沿约为330 ps,幅值约为±8 kV/m,远场有效电势最高可达44 kV,辐射功率可调;在频域,中心频率为400 MHz,基于能量范数比定义的信号频带为80 MHz~1GHz,信号带比约为12.5,百分比带宽为170.4%。辐射系统能够为开展超宽带电磁脉冲效应阈值规律及防护技术的研究提供一个辐射功率可调的试验平台。