Compact Coplanar Epsilon-Negative Antenna with Ultra-Wide Band Character

In this paper, a compact coplanar epsilon.negative(ENG) antenna is proposed with ultra.wide operation band and small size of 18×11.5 mm2. The proposed antenna is designed based on a coplanar.waveguide(CPW) feeding antenna, and thus the via.free structure is employed to realize the ENG unit cell, which is convenient to tune the frequency of zeroth.order resonance(ZOR) and extends the ZOR bandwidth. The high.order resonant frequencies are achieved and mainly determined by the separate slots that are located between the radiating patch and the ground plane. Adding the left.handed inductance between the radiating patch and ground has slight impact on the high.order resonant frequencies, and then the ultra.wide band is achieved by merging the ZOR bandwidth with the high.order resonant bandwidths. The ground plane primarily works as a matching network for the proposed antenna. Although it generates a low.frequency resonance, the performance is undesirable due to the impedance mismatching. The measured results show that the reflection coefficient, |S11| <.10 d B, is in a wide frequency range from 5.25 to 13 GHz, which covers the upper operation band of UWB communication. Also, the antenna contains relatively stable gains and omni.directional radiation patterns.

Numerical simulation of the coupling of ultra-wide band electromagnetic pulse into landmine by aperture

The modern landmine＇s electronic fuse is susceptible to strong interference or can even be damaged by the ultra-wide band electromagnetic pulse（UWB-EMP）. The finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） method in lossy media with cylindrical coordinates is used to study the interactions of the UWB-EMP with the landmine. First, the coupling of UWB-EMP into the landmine shielding shell through an aperture is numerically simulated. Second, the coupled electromagnetic field of mine shells made of different shielding materials and with apertures of different sizes is plotted. Third, the aperture coupling laws of UWB-EMP into shells are analyzed and categorized. Such an algorithm is capable of effectively preventing ladder similar errors, and consequently improving the calculation precision, and in addition to adopting the message passing interface（MPI） parallel method to divide the total calculating range into more sub-ranges, the overall calculating efficiency is greatly increased. These calculations are surely a constructive reference for modern landmine design against electromagnetic damage.

Design of Integrated Triple Band Notched for Ultra-Wide Band Microstrip Antenna

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is one of the recent topics that received a great concern from academia and industry. However, UWB found many difficulties to be standardized due to the overlay working that made UWB an important potential interference source to many licensed and unlicensed spectrum throughout the band 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. This paper demonstrates the design of integrated triple band notched for UWB Microstrip antenna. We simulated UWB short range systems which require low power and these are built using inexpensive digital components. We proposed a compact triple band notched CPW (Co-planar Waveguide) fed Micro strip Antenna (MSA) for UWB. This band-notched antenna has rejection characteristics at 3.2 GHz (for Wi-MAX band 3.16 to 3.32 GHz), at 5.5 GHz (for WLAN 2 band—5.3 to 5.72 GHz) and at 7.9 GHz (for ITU band 7.72 GHz to 8.13 GHz). The simulation was done using IE3D simulator.

Designing a Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor with High Transition Frequency for Ultra-Wideband Application

Theoretical calculations predict transition frequencies in the terahertz range for the field-effect transistors based on carbon nanotubes, and this shows their suitability for being used in high frequency applications. In this paper, we have designed a field-effect transistor based on carbon nanotube with high transition frequency suitable for ultra-wide band applications. We did this by optimizing nanotube diameter, gate insulator thickness and dielectric constant. As a result, we achieved the transition frequency about 7.45 THz. The environment of open source software FETToy is used to simulate the device. Also a suitable model for calculating the transition frequency is presented.

Evaluation of System Performance of Ultra-Wide Band Jointing in MC Signaling in Correlated Environments

The evaluation of System Performance of UWB (ultra-wide band) jointing in MC (multi-carrier) signaling in correlated environments is presented in the report. The correlated Nakagami-m statistical distribution for the multipath fading model is assumed in this scenario. In fact to establish the model for analyzing in this article is using MC-CDMA (multi-carrier code-division multiple-access) system characterization combined with a UWB scheme. The average BER (bit error rate) is calculated and compared to a special case of previously published results. Studied results from this paper can be implied to approve the system performance for a UWB system combined with a MC-CDMA wireless communication system. It is worth noting that the Nakagami-m distributed fading parameter significantly dominates UWB system performance when it cooperates with MC signaling under a fading environment. Finally, it is worthy of noting that when the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) at system’s receiver reaches a preset high threshold value, the parameter of power decay ratio effect could be not included.

卷积-长短期记忆神经网络超宽带定位方法

针对室内视距环境下超宽带(UWB)观测值中的测距误差影响定位精度的问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络与长短期记忆网络(CNN-LSTM)相结合的UWB测距误差改正模型:将基站与标签之间的测距值和Chan算法解算的标签初始坐标作为卷积神经网络(CNN)的输入,借助CNN良好的数据特征提取能力,充分挖掘UWB测距值的特征;然后利用长短期记忆网络(LSTM)进行进一步的特征学习,并进行训练和预测UWB测距值,以减少测距误差对UWB测距值精度的影响;最后,利用高斯-牛顿迭代算法求解出最终的UWB定位结果,同时,建立多项式和指数函数UWB测距误差改正模型,并与本文方法进行对比分析。实验结果表明,在静态和动态实验下,基于CNN-LSTM网络模型结果的精度均优于其他2种模型,证明该算法可有效降低测距误差,提高UWB的定位精度。

基于KF-LSTM的UWB室内定位算法

作为一种新型无线定位技术,超宽带在室内定位领域中引起了广泛关注。为了提高超宽带的定位精度,本文结合卡尔曼滤波和LSTM网络的优势,提出一种融合卡尔曼滤波的长短期记忆神经网络(KF-LSTM)算法。首先,通过卡尔曼滤波对UWB时序数据进行处理,削弱数据中的高斯白噪声;然后,将数据投入LSTM网络中进行训练,利用LSTM网络处理时序特征的优势处理非高斯噪声,进而得到更准确的标签位置。实测数据表明,与BP、KF-BP和LSTM网络算法相比,KF-LSTM算法的平均定位精度分别提高了70.21%、37.28%和38.23%,且KF-LSTM算法表现更稳定。

Optimization of band-notched UWB antenna using micro-genetic algorithm combined with FDTD

The micro-genetic algorithm (MGA) optimization combined with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to design a band-notched ultra wide-band (UWB) antenna. A U-type slot on a stepped U-type UWB monopole is used to obtain the band-notched characteristic for 5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) band. The measured results show that voltage standing wave ration (VSWR) less than 2 covers 3.1-10.6 GHz operating band and VSWR more than 2 is within 5.150-5.825 GHz notched one with the highest value of 5.6. Agreement among the calculated, HFSS simulated and measured results validates the effiectiveness of this MGA-FDTD method, which is efficient for UWB antennas design.

Compact Bluetooth/UWB Antenna with Multi-Band Notched Characteristics

A small-sized, low-profile, and planar dual band antenna for Bluetooth (2.4 - 2.484 GHz) and ultra-wideband (UWB) (3.1 - 10.6 GHz) with multi-band notched antennas is presented. Two antennas A and B with different types of slots are used to obtain tri-band notched characteristic. In antenna A notched bands, 5 - 6 GHz for WLAN, and 3.3 - 4 GHz for WiMAX, are achieved using a U-slot in ground structure and in the radiating patch. In antenna B two notched bands at 3.3 - 4 GHz, for WiMAX and 7.2 GHz for C-band satellite communication systems are achieved by using a U-slot in ground structure and a H-shaped slot in the radiating patch. The radiation characteristics of the two antennas are calculated using a commercial EM simulator based on Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). The two antennas show acceptable gain flatness with stable omnidirectional radiation patterns across the integrated Bluetooth and UWB bands.

A Novel Bow-Tie Antenna with Triple Band-Notched Characteristics for UWB Applications

This paper presents the design of a compact bow-tie antenna with triple band notched characteristics for UWB applications. The proposed antenna can operate from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with VSWR - 8.4 GHz) centered at 8.1 GHz, the CSRR2 rejects the WLAN band (5.15 - 5.85 GHz) centered at 5.6 GHz, and the CSRR3 rejects the band (4.10 - 4.47 GHz) centered at 4.32 GHz. Compared with recent design, this antenna is more compact, and presents better simulation results of its characteristics. Our newly designed antenna is a potential candidate for application in UWB communication systems.

基于Taylor-Chan算法的改进UWB室内三维定位方法

[目的]针对室内三维空间环境复杂导致传统超宽带(ultra wide band,UWB)定位算法精度低、稳定性差的问题对UWB室内三维定位方法进行研究.[方法]在Chan和Taylor算法基础上,设计了一种基于距离误差筛选机制的Taylor-Chan定位算法.首先使用简化Taylor算法求解得到标签初定位结果,再结合初定位结果和测距信息根据所设计筛选函数剔除误差较大的基站数据,最后基于筛选得到的数据,使用Chan算法得到最终标签定位结果.[结果]在室内视距和非视距两种场景下进行仿真,Taylor-Chan算法相比于Chan和Taylor定位精度都有一定的提高,且测距误差越大的情况下,Taylor-Chan算法的定位效果越明显.[结论]仿真结果表明,对比现有方法,本文所提出的Taylor-Chan算法在室内三维空间的视距和非视距环境下都能有效改善定位精度.

Chopping-peaking开关形成高功率超宽带双极脉冲的实验研究

设计研制了一种chopping peaking组合开关型高功率双极脉冲形成装置,通过调节两个开关的导通时刻来得到不同形状的双极脉冲。理想情况下,形成的双极脉冲电压峰 峰值等于入射脉冲峰值电压的2倍,实验中入射脉冲峰值电压为205kV的单极脉冲,获得了最大峰 峰电压为360kV的双极脉冲,是入射脉冲峰值电压的1.76倍。双极脉冲的持续时间可以改变,最大值为单极脉冲的脉宽。入射脉冲上升时间越小,得到的双极脉冲峰 峰电压就越大。

1.5-6GHz增益和噪声系数稳定的两级超宽带CMOS低噪声放大器设计与性能模拟

针对UWB应用设计实现了一个1.5-6GHz的两级CMOS低噪声放大器(LNA).通过引入共栅(CG)和共源(CS)结构以获得宽范围内的输入匹配,采用电流镜和峰化电感进行电流复用,所提出的LNA实现了非常平坦化的功率增益和噪声系数(NF).经标准0.18μm CMOS工艺实现后,版图后模拟结果表明在1.5-5GHz频率范围内功率增益(S21)为11.45±0.05dB,在2-6GHz频率范围内噪声系数(NF)为5.15±0.05dB,输入损耗(S11)小于-18dB.在5GHz时,模拟得到的三阶交调点(IIP3)为-7dBm,1dB压缩点为-5dBm.在1.8V电源电压下,LNA消耗6mA的电流,版图实现面积仅为0.62mm2.

基于超宽带的TOA-DOA联合定位方法

针对现有的大多数超宽带(ultra-wide band,UWB)定位方法至少需要3个基站,系统开销较大的问题,提出一种新颖的基于波达时间-波达方向(time of arrival-direction of arrival,TOA-DOA)联合估计的定位方法,仅需一个基站即可准确快速定位目标。利用酋矩阵束算法估计视距信号TOA和最小二乘估计准则估计视距信号DOA,得到目标的相对坐标。Matlab仿真实验证明,该方法的TOA和DOA估计精度较高,定位精度达到厘米级,而且复杂度降低为矩阵束算法的1/4,采样频率为亚奈奎斯特速率,易于实现,是一种简单有效的定位方法。

用户间UWB脉冲相互正交的TH-BPSK超宽带系统

超宽带(UWB)系统中各用户通常使用同一种UWB脉冲发送数据,系统中存在多用户干扰,使系统误码率(BER)升高.为减小多用户干扰,以修正的Hermite多项式作为一组正交的UWB脉冲,提出了一种基于正交UWB脉冲的TH-BPSK(跳时二相相移键控超宽带系统),系统中每个用户使用的UWB脉冲互不相同,而且是相互正交的,由于UWB脉冲的正交性,在系统实现时隙同步的基础上,接收机可减小系统中的多用户干扰,系统的BER性能得到很大的提高.理论计算和仿真结果表明:与系统中各用户仅使用一种UWB脉冲的TH-BPSK超宽带系统相比,提出的系统具有更低的BER.

IR-UWB通信系统的准自适应频率同步算法

肪冲无线电超宽带通信(impulse radio-ultra wideband,IR-UWB)通信采用亚纳秒级脉冲承载信息。由于没有传统意义上的载波,其同步方式与传统方式有着很大不同,特别是频率同步面临着很大的挑战。在正交正弦相关接收机基础上提出了一种准自适应频率同步方法。该方法利用接收方本地载波和接收脉冲进行相关得到的矢量进行相差估计,根据估计得到的相位差的象限选择不同的预设步长进行频率调整接收方本地振荡器频率,实现收发双方的频率同步。该方法具有实现简单、同步速度快的优点,并在硬件系统上得到验证,取得了良好的效果。

超宽带系统中基于时域插值和抽取的新型Sigma-Delta转换器

无线通信系统中,超宽带(UWB)与正交频分复用(OFDM)技术相结合,具有超宽带、低功耗、抗多径衰落等优势.针对多频带OFDM-UWB信号的特点,提出一种基于时域插值和抽取的新型sigma-delta转换器用于完成数据的转换.时域插值使得多频带OFDM-UWB子载波间形成空隙,sigma-delta调制器将输入信号量化为1比特数据流的同时完成量化噪声整形.该sigma-delta调制器在量化噪声频谱中引入位于多频带OFDM-UWB子载波频点上的零点,将大部分量化噪声推到子载波空隙中,达到噪声整形效果.新型sigma-delta调制器采用无过采样结构,使得硬件实现相对容易,同时该结构还避免了OFDM系统的高峰均比问题.对信号进行时域插值与抽取降低了硬件复杂度和处理时间.理论分析和仿真结果表明了该调制器的有效性和可行性.

TH-PPM与TH-PAM超宽带系统的性能分析和比较

采用基于软判决和硬判决的方法,对跳时脉冲位置调制(time hopping-pulse position modulation,TH-PPM)和跳时脉冲幅度调制(time hopping-pulse amplitude modulation,TH-PAM)超宽带系统的误比特率性能进行了分析和比较.在加性高斯白噪声(additive white Gausses noise,AWGN)信道下,研究了TH-PPM和TH-PAM超宽带单用户系统接收端信号进行软判决和硬判决时的性能,同时分析比较系统在两种调制方式下采用不同脉冲重复次数时的性能差异.仿真结果表明,在AWGN信道下,TH-PPM和TH-PAM的系统性能均随脉冲重复次数的增加而明显改善,并且后者优于前者.此外,采用软判决时的系统性能优于采用硬判决时的系统性能.

复合材料雷体的UWB-EMP耦合效应研究

针对高功率微波(High power microwave,HPM)扫雷装置对现代地雷构成的严重威胁,为提高地雷抗电磁毁伤能力,将不锈钢纤维(Stainless steel fibers,SSF)作为聚酰胺树脂的导电填料,研究新型复合屏蔽材料地雷壳体。针对雷体结构和布设状态,采用时域有限差分(Finite difference time domain,FDTD)数值方法,分析该壳体的超宽带电磁脉冲(Ultra-wide band electromagnetic pulse,UWB-EMP)孔缝耦合规律。加工复合材料地雷壳体样品,内置电子引信并连接电引火头,在微波暗室进行峰值功率1 GW的UWB-EMP辐照下的效应实验,壳体放置天线前的距离大于0.5 m时,内部电子引信能正常工作。结果表明:该壳体能有效提高电子引信地雷抗强电磁毁伤等复杂战场电磁环境下的生存能力。

一种基于信道缩短的MB-OFDM UWB稀疏信道估计算法

在MB-OFDMUWB系统中,利用UWB信道的稀疏簇特性,提出一种基于信道缩短的MB-UWB稀疏信道估计算法。首先利用信道缩短滤波器来消除由于循环前缀长度不足造成信道间干扰和码间干扰,然后基于信道缩短后的接收信号,利用UWB信道的稀疏性,探测出非零值抽头的位置,避免了无谓的零值抽头估计,改善了算法的性能。仿真结果表明:当循环前缀CP长度小于信道长度时,LS算法和DFT算法逐渐失效,而新算法可以获得较好的估计性能。