Assessment of Long Term UV Radiation Measured by the Brewer Spectrophotometer in Hong Kong during 1995-2005

Time series of daily UV radiation measured by the ground-based Brewer spectrophotometer #115 in Hong Kong during 1995-2005 were studied through statistics analysis, with focus on the variability and long term changes in relation to total ozone, clouds and AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth). The 11-year mean UV daily dose is 2644±262 J/m2, with maxima(3311 J/m2) in 2000 and minima (2415 J/m2) in 2002. The data were compared with that from TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) Version 8 and show general agreement between the two. However, the Brewer UV measurement is about 10% lower compared to TOMS data. Apart from the common-known strong seasonal cycle, 26 month periodical was resolved by use of wavelet analysis, which was believed to be associated with quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of general circulation. In cloudy days, the annual mean UV daily dose decrease 3.5% to 44.5% compared to clear days. It was also found that surface UV irradiance has close relation to air pollution. Under clear sky condition, 1% AOD increase will lead to 0.2% UV decrease. While global UV radiation increase due to the worldwide observed ozone depletion, investigations indicate that this trend is not significant in Hong Kong during the last 11 years. The possible causes can be attributed to the compensative effect from two aspects. One is the increase of UV resulting from the reduction of clouds with rate of 0.56/10 yr. The other is the decrease of UV due to the enhancement of total ozone and AOD with a rate of 4.23 DU/10 yr and 0.33/10 yr, respectively.

A Novel Chip-based Spectrophotometer for Online Detection

A chip-based spectrophotometer integrated with optical fiber is successfully demonstrated.Grade concentration of lactate solution flowed through the chip to perform an online detection.The response time (100s)and Limit of Detection (LOD, 50mg/L)of the device were measured.This device shows comparable performance with traditional commercial instrument, while greatly decreases the sample requirement per detection and reduces the size of total system,introducing a novel method for real-time detection.

THE LIGNIN CONTENT IN BLACK LIQUID OF STRAW AS-AQ BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETER

The measurement of lignin content in black liquid of straw AS-AQ by ultraviolet spectrophotometer(UV) is discussed in this paper. Different dilution multiple and contrast solutions have an effect on the measured results of the lignin content by UV. The calculation method for the absorption coefficient and the scanning spectrum property of liquor acidified by SO2 are introduced in this paper.

Determination of Thioglucoside in Cabbage by Using the Ultraviolet-visible Light Spectrophotometer

The ultraviolet-visible light spectrophotometer method was adopted to determine thioglucoside in cabbage with the seeds.Individual plant of cabbage was used as test materials,palladium chloride as complexing agent and sodium cellulose glycolate as dispersing agent.The results showed that palladiumd thioglucoside method could be taken as a quick,easy and precise quantitative analysis method to determine thioglucoside in cabbage.

Transmittance Spectrum of Unbranded Sunglasses Using Spectrophotometer

Background: The sunglass standards are not strictly implemented in many countries except Aus-tralia. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the optical properties of unbranded sunglasses for light transmittance. Methods: Unbranded sunglasses with no information about their specifications were included. They were allocated to two groups based on their prices;the ones > 25 US$ (Group A) and the cheaper ones (Group B). Their transmittance spectrum was measured between 190 nm and 900 nm using a double beam scanning spectrophotometer. The European standard for sunglasses was used to evaluate their compliance regarding ultraviolet radiation (UVR) transmittance and minimum requirement for wearing when driving. Results: Thirty-eight sunglasses (Group A = 20 and Group B = 18) were evaluated. Four sunglasses in each group were non-compliant. Percentage transmittance of visible light was <8% in five sunglasses of Group A and in three of Group B, so these were not appropriate to wear when driving. Totally six sunglasses of Group A and five of Group B were non-compliant and/or inappropriate to wear when driving. Conclusions: Based on our findings about their UVR protection and visible light transmittance %, eye care professionals must warn people against the use of unbranded sunglasses without any information about their specifications.

The Effectiveness of a Portable Fluorescence Spectrophotometer for Early Detection of Oral Cancer

Purpose: To investigate whether photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using a portable fluorescence spectrophotometer (FC-1) can easily and objectively discriminate between normal and tumor cells at the dental chairside, and to further compare it with PDD that requires speculum examination by focusing on protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). Methods: Three cell lines (2 human oral squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell lines, HSC-2 and HSC-3 cells, and oral keratinocytes, HOK cells) were cultured. 5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA) and deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) were mixed in DMEM, and the mixture was set to Control (DMEM only) and PDD (5-ALA+DFO) groups. And then, a fluorescence was measured under room temperature (RT) and 37°C (Incubation) by using FC-1. In this study, the two conditions were combined with the Control and PDD groups to form the Control/RT, Control/Incubate, PDD/RT, and PDD/Incubate groups. Additionally, the amount of singlet oxygen (1O2) generated by irradiation with 405 nm LED was measured using electron spin resonance spectroscopy to detect PPIX in the cell supernatant after 24 hours. Results: In HSC-2 and HSC-3, the fluorescence intensity values increased significantly at 2 hours between the Control/RT and PDD/RT groups. In addition, there was a significant difference between HSC-2 and HSC-3 compared to HOK. In all cell lines, the fluorescence intensity values of the PDD/Incubate group were significantly higher than those of the PDD/Control group. The amount of 1O2 generated by 405 nm LED irradiation was higher in the cell supernatants of all cell lines in the order of Control/RT < Control/Incubate < PDD/RT < PDD/Incubate group, and HSC-3 in the PDD/Incubate group showed a significant increase compared to HOK. Conclusion: It is suggested that PDD using FC-1 can clearly distinguish between normal cells and tumor cells in vitro studies using cell lines at 2 hours under 37°C, and it can detect not only intracellular PPIX, but also extracellular PPIX.

Determination of Palladium II in 5% Pd/BaSO₄by ICP-MS with Microwave Digestion, and UV-VIS Spectrophotometer

Determination palladiums have been reported 5% (w/w) Pd/BaSO4 known as Rosenmund Catalyst. The determination of palladium II known as Rosenmund Catalyst is always an expensive procedure usually involving procedures such as flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, emission spectrometry, and many spectrophotometric methods. In this study, palladium II in 5% Pd/BaSO4, was synthesized and employed to develop an extractive UV-Visible Spectrophotometric, and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ICP/MS methods for the determination of palladium II. Specification for Pd is 4.85% to 5.10%;the result was 4.97% for the UV-Visible spectrophotometer and 4.90% for the ICP/MS. Both results meet the requirements.

Hyper Gravity-Induced Transients in <i>Phycomyces</i>as Measured by Single Beam Spectrophotometer on the Sounding Rocket TEXUS 50

In the first paper of two referring to the TEXUS 50 campaign using micro dual wavelength spectrometers (MDWS) we kinetically determined the threshold1 for GIACs (gravity-induced absorption changes) in Phycomyces to be lower than 25 × 10&minus;3 g (http://file.scirp.org/pdf/JMP_2015082810060783.pdf). In this second paper, we attended measurement of GIAC-spectra. Unexpectedly, during the upwards movement, i.e. the hypergravity phase up to top acceleration values reaching 11.6 g at 35.4 s after liftoff we observed transient GIAC-spectra ranging from 380 to 750 nm. In addition, during the whole acceleration phase of 68.2 s, another component near 700 nm develops which remains stable during the whole “free fall trajectory parabola” for 381.3 s. The subsequent reentry of the rocket leads to extraordinary deceleration values up 37.8 g, completely destroying Phycomyces sporangiophores excluding their spectral measurement. During the microgravity phase and by centrifuge operation we were unable to detect any GIAC-spectra (in contrast to kinetic MDWS-measurements, first paper).

The Color of Natural Teeth Investigated by Visual Perception and Spectrophotometer

The advantage of electronic devices is to eliminate the subjectivity. Based on individual capabilities, visual perception has its disadvantages. The aim of this study was to find out the possible shade difference between the upper and lower teeth, visual perception versus spectrophotometry as well as proving that females are better in visual perception of colour matching. 82 subjects (dental students) of this study determined the color of each other’s natural teeth. The color of 1640 teeth (incisors, canines and premolars), was matched by visual perception and by Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer. The matching was focused on the middle third of buccal surfaces of the examined teeth. In this study, it was found that there was a difference of color between the teeth of the upper and lower jaw. The percentage of the accordance between two methods was 28.35% for all examined teeth. The color determination at central incisors showed the highest value of accordance 40.85%. Based on Vitapan 3D Mastershade, the most frequent color was 2M2.

荧光分析法测定美洲大蠊中多肽含量研究

荧光分析法是一种经济快速的分析方法,具有灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简单等优点。鉴于美洲大蠊多肽(DPSFNSWG-NH_(2))自身具有荧光的特性,通过实验建立一种美洲大蠊多肽(DPSFNSWG-NH_(2))的荧光检测新方法。实验结果表明,在最佳条件下,美洲大蠊多肽(DPSFNSWG-NH_(2))在0.12~31.25μg/mL浓度内与荧光强度之间具有良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为y=10.698x+14.625,R^(2)=0.994 2,检测限为0.09μg/mL,将所建立的新方法用于美洲大蠊药材中其多肽(DPSFNSWG-NH_(2))的测定,回收率为85.50%~89.47%。本研究方法操作简便、快速、准确,具有良好的分析应用前景,可用于美洲大蠊中DPSFNSWG-NH_(2)多肽的含量测定。

紫外分光光度计法测定硝化纤维素含氮量

为发展绿色无毒、操作简单且结果准确的NC含氮量测量方法,基于硝化纤维素(NC)在碱液中水解后产生的亚硝酸根(NO_(2)^(-))与硝酸根(NO_(3)^(-))的摩尔比与NC含氮量之间的线性关系,采用紫外分光光度计法分析了NC含氮量。在相同的反应条件下水解5种已知含氮量的NC标品,通过紫外分光光度计测定了水解液中的NO_(2)^(-)和NO_(3)^(-)含量,对测量体系的反应条件进行了优化;通过最小二乘法确定NO_(2)^(-)和NO_(3)^(-)的摩尔比(y)与NC标品含氮量(x)之间的线性关系;最后用3种验证用NC样品对此法进行验证。结果表明,通过紫外分光光度计可同时测定碱解液中NO_(2)^(-)和NO_(3)^(-)的含量,其最佳反应条件为:氨基磺酸浓度为20 g·L^(-1),反应时间为30 min;在最佳反应条件下得到了R2为0.9893的y与x间的线性关系式;验证结果表明,采用紫外分光光度计法得到的含氮量与实际含氮量非常吻合,相对标准偏差RSD(n=4)均小于0.150%。

一种酞菁锌纳米粒的体外溶出度测定方法的建立与溶出曲线评价

体外溶出是纳米药物重要的质量控制指标,本文对酞菁锌纳米粒的体外溶出进行研究。首先,对比紫外可见和荧光分光光度计对酞菁锌纳米粒中酞菁锌测定的专属性,并建立其标准曲线及进行精密度、回收率实验。之后用透析法测试体外溶出,对比不同溶出介质及取样处理方法对酞菁锌纳米粒中酞菁锌溶出情况的影响并用软件模拟释放模型。结果显示以荧光分光光度计检测时,酞菁锌在0.4~1.9μg·mL^(-1)范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9991。在0.5、1.0、1.5μg·mL^(-1)三个水平下,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.16~2.32%,精密度良好,且在加样回收实验中回收率为99.40~106.23%。此外,以通常的磷酸缓冲液(PBS)加1%十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为溶出介质,将取样冻干后DMF稀释并用荧光分光度计检测。在84 h时,pH 5.0/50μM H_(2)O_(2)组累积溶出可达58.21%。该组体外释放曲线最符合Ritger-peppas方程模型,即药物扩散和骨架溶蚀的共同作用释放机制。

氢化物原子荧光光谱分析中的故障及其排除

阐述了氢化物原子荧光光谱分析中的常见故障及其排除方法。

Determination of Chlorogenic Acid,Geniposide,Total Flavonoids and Total Triterpenes in Wulan-13

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a method for the determination of chlorogenic acid,geniposide,total flavonoids and total triterpenes in Wulan-13.[Methods]The contents of chlorogenic acid and geniposide were determined by HPLC,and the contents of total flavonoids and total triterpenes were determined by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer.[Results]There was a good linear relation between the mass of chlorogenic acid reference substance and the peak area in the range of 0.05-0.45μg,and the regression equation was Y=2524.1X+3.1943,(r=0.9998).A good linear relationship was found between the mass of gardenoside reference substance and the peak area in the range of 0.776-6.984μg,and the regression equation was Y=1670.5X+64.804,(r=0.9998).There was also a good linear relation between the mass of rutin reference substance and its absorbance in the range of 0.00808-0.04848 mg,and the regression equation was Y=12.916X+0.014,(r=0.999).The mass of oleanolic acid reference substance had a good linear relation with its absorbance in the range of 0.00418-0.0209 mg,and the regression equation was Y=51.89X-0.0839,(r=0.9991).[Conclusions]The content determination method is simple,reliable and reproducible,and suitable for controlling the contents of chlorogenic acid,geniposide,total flavonoids and total triterpenes in Wulan-13.

铜铝复合氧化物的制备及催化甲醛降解反应

利用柠檬酸与氢氧化铜、氢氧化铝的酸碱反应制备柠檬酸铜铝复合盐,经500℃热分解制备出了铜铝均匀分布的铜铝复合氧化物。复合氧化物的结构及元素分布采用X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪及透射电子显微镜-能谱联用技术进行了表征。以30%过氧化氢溶液为氧化剂,以铜铝复合氧化物为催化剂催化水中甲醛的降解,在25℃、过氧化氢浓度为80μmol/mL、甲醛浓度为0.998 mg/mL,通过分光光度法测定剩余甲醛含量并计算甲醛降解率为95.3%。通过加入自由基捕捉剂叔丁醇验证了该反应机理为自由基反应。实验考察了甲醛浓度、催化剂浓度、过氧化氢浓度及酸碱度对甲醛降解效果的影响。实验发现当甲醛浓度小于0.998 mg/mL,催化剂浓度为16 g/L,过氧化氢浓度为80μmol/mL,25℃,在pH=5~9范围内,甲醛降解率均在90%以上。

西藏芫根中总多糖含量测定方法及单糖指纹图谱研究

目的建立测定西藏芫根中总多糖含量的紫外光谱法,以及单糖的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱。方法采用紫外分光光度法,以D-无水葡萄糖为对照品,以5%苯酚-硫酸为显色剂,于484 nm波长处测定6批样品中总多糖含量。采用柱前衍生HPLC法建立单糖的指纹图谱,色谱柱为Ultimate XB-C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-pH为6.8的0.1%磷酸盐溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为250 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012.0版),建立6批芫根药材单糖的HPLC指纹图谱并进行相似度评价,与对照品比对进行共有峰指认。结果D-无水葡萄糖质量浓度在1.84~18.37 mg/L范围内与吸光度线性关系良好(r=0.9995,n=6),精密度、重复性、稳定性试验结果的RSD均小于2.0%;平均加样回收率为100.88%,RSD为1.00(n=6)。6批样品中总多糖的平均含量为285.48 mg/g。单糖HPLC指纹图谱共识别出19个共有峰,确定峰14为半乳糖、峰4为D-甘露糖、峰7为鼠李糖、峰16为阿拉伯糖、峰13为D-无水葡萄糖、峰10为D-葡萄糖醛酸、峰12为D-半乳糖醛酸;相似度为0.946~1.000。结论该方法操作简便、结果稳定可靠,可用于西藏芫根中总多糖的质量控制与评价。

紫外分光光度计测定香豆素改性脂肪族异氰酸酯的转化率

自合成4-羟甲基香豆素改性的脂肪族异氰酸酯样品,利用紫外分光光度计测试4-羟甲基香豆素改性脂肪族异氰酸酯的转化率,线性范围0~25 mg/L,在此范围内R^(2)=0.9995,方法检出限为0.14 mg/L。在低、高、中3种加标水平下,平均加标回收率为95.0%,相对标准偏差为1.4%,表明此方法准确、简便。

煤层水中甲醛含量的快速检测方法研究

研究了采用乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定煤层水中甲醛的方法,并对检出限、精密度和准确度进行了方法验证。结果表明:甲醛检出限为0.01298 mg/L;对3种浓度的甲醛标准使用溶液样品进行测试,相对标准偏差分别为1.54%、0.3773%、0.1687%;样品加标回收率在101.01%~103.33%;以上各项指标均满足HJ 601—2011方法要求,说明采用分光光度法可以快速准确测定煤层水中甲醛的含量。

紫外可见分光光度计在食品检测中的应用研究

随着社会的发展和科技的进步,食品安全问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。为了确保食品的安全性,需要采取一系列的检测措施,以保障公众的健康。紫外可见分光光度计作为一种高效的分析工具,近年来在食品检测中得到了广泛的应用。基于此,本文阐述紫外可见分光光度计的组成及其特点、紫外可见分光光度计在食品检测中的作用及其在食品检测中的应用。

火焰原子吸收法测定油漆涂层可溶出铅、镉、铬含量的不确定度评定

本文通过ASTM F963《消费者安全规范玩具安全溶解表面涂层的可溶性物质的方法》对油漆涂层可溶出铅镉铬含量进行测试,分析实验中引入的不确定度来源,分别为加入溶剂体积、试液浓度测定和样品称量过程引入的不确定度,其主要来源为试液浓度测定引入的不确定度。结果可为使用火焰原子吸收法测定油漆涂层可溶出铅、镉、铬含量的质量控制提供参考。