The Association of Socioeconomic Status with the Burden of Cataract-related Blindness and the Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure: An Ecological Study

Objective To assess the association of socioeconomic status with the burden of cataract blindness in terms of year lived with disability(YLD) rates and to determine whether ultraviolet radiation(UVR) levels modify the effect of socioeconomic status on this health burden.Methods National and subnational age-standardized YLD rates associated with cataract-related blindness were derived from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) study 2017. The human development index(HDI) from the Human Development Report was used as a measure of socioeconomic status.Estimated ground-level UVR exposure was obtained from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI)dataset of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA).Results Across 185 countries, socioeconomic status was inversely associated with the burden of cataract blindness. Countries with a very high HDI had an 84% lower age-standardized YLD rate [95%confidence interval(CI): 60%–93%, P < 0.001] than countries with a low HDI;for high-HDI countries, the proportion was 76%(95% CI: 53%–88%, P < 0.001), and for medium-HDI countries, the proportion was48%(95% CI: 15%–68%, P = 0.010;P for trend < 0.001). The interaction analysis showed that UVR exposure played an interactive role in the association between socioeconomic status and cataract blindness burden(P value for interaction = 0.047).Conclusion Long-term high-UVR exposure amplifies the association of poor socioeconomic status with the burden of cataract-related blindness. The findings emphasize the need for strengthening UVR exposure protection interventions in developing countries with high-UVR exposure.

Curcumin from Jianghuang (Rhizoma Curcumae Longae) protects against exposure to ultraviolet B by antioxidation and attenuating mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of curcumin extracted from Jianghuang(Rhizoma Curcumae Longae)against ultraviolet B(UVB)and the possible mechanism.METHODS:Effects of curcumin were detected in vivo and in vitro.Morphological changes of white guinea pig skin were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Ha CaT cell proliferation was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium broide(MTT)assays.The cell cycle distribution,apoptotic rate,level of reactive oxygen species(ROS),mitochondrial membrane potential,and intracellullar calcium ion concentration of Ha CaT cells were detected by flow cytometry.Antioxidant levels in skin tissues and Ha Cat cells were measured by biochemical methods.RESULTS:UVB inhibited in vitro cell proliferation by inducing G2/M arrest,increasing ROS,apoptosis,and necrosis,and decreasing B-cell lymphoma-2,and increasing Bax,cytochrome c,and caspase-3 levels.CONCLUSION:Curcumin blocks the effects of UVB by reducing ROS and apoptosis,and reversing UVB-induced changes in the expression of apoptotic proteins.The mitochondrial pathway is involved in curcumin-regulated apoptosis.

APP17肽通过抑制细胞内ROS保护紫外线照射后人皮肤成纤维细胞(英文)

Objective Ultraviolet light (UV) is known to cause photoaging of skin.UV irradiation can damage proliferation capacity and induce collagenase in fibroblasts in the dermis.Many researchers have explored the potential photo-protective agents;however,no ideal agent has been widely accepted.Amyloid precursor protein 17-mer peptide (APP17-mer peptide),an active peptide segment,has been reported to be responsible for the trophic effect in clonal CNS neuronal line,fibroblast cell line and HaCat cells.The aim of this study was to explore the effects of APP17-mer peptide on cultured fibroblasts after ultraviolet irradiation.Methods Human skin fibroblasts were cultured in DMEM medium with or without APP17-mer peptide (concentrations ranging from 20μmol/L,40 μmol/L,to 80μmol/L).The cultured fibroblasts were exposed to a single UV irradiation,and the proliferation activity of fibroblasts was detected by a MTT assay.The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) mRNA was analyzed quantitatively following real-time RT-PCR.The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured with fluorescent quantitation method.Results A single exposure to UV irradiation depressed proliferation activity of fibroblasts compared with sham-irradiated control (P<0.05).40μmol/L and 80μmol/L APP17-mer peptide increased the cellular proliferation activity in UV irradiated and unirradiated fibroblasts (P<0.05),however,20μmol/L did not show such protective effects (P>0.05).A single exposure of fibroblasts to UV irradiation resulted in 1.78 fold up-regulation of MMP-1 mRNA compared with unirradiated sample (P<0.05),and 40μmol/L and 80μmol/L APP17-mer peptide decreased the expression of MMP-1 mRNA (P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively).UV irradiation increased generation of ROS in cultured fibroblasts (P<0.05).40μmol/L APP17-mer peptide inhibited the generation of ROS in irradiated fibroblasts.Conclusions APP17-mer peptide can enhance proliferation activity of fibroblasts after exposure to UV irradiation;it can also inhibit MMP-1 mRNA expression and ROS generation induced by UV irradiation.Inhibition of ROS generation after UV irradiation might be involved in the protective mechanism of APP17 peptide on proliferation activity and collagenase induction in UV-irradiated fibroblasts.