This research article is based on the biodiesel synthesis from the marine green macroalga Ulva fasciata, collected from the coast of Karachi, Pakistan using new and the most potential waste catalysts from Pakistan Ste...This research article is based on the biodiesel synthesis from the marine green macroalga Ulva fasciata, collected from the coast of Karachi, Pakistan using new and the most potential waste catalysts from Pakistan Steel Industry.The oil was extracted with n-hexane then it was analyzed by GC, TLC and by the examination of fuel properties.The metal analysis of catalysts was carried out by chemical tests and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy(FAAS). The thermal treatment of catalysts at 1500–1700 °C during various processes in steel manufacturing industry converted the metals to metal oxides. The presence of CaO, MgO and ZnO in these catalysts made them highly reactive for biodiesel synthesis. The basicity of waste industrial catalysts was calculated to know their basic strength. The transesterification of U. fasciata oil was performed by fast stirring using 9:1 molar ratio of methanol/oil in the presence of seven different waste industrial catalysts for 6 h at 80–100 °C. The solid catalysts were easily separated from product for re-use. In addition, the rate of reaction in the presence of these catalysts was found to be quite feasible. The waste brown dust from the steel converter gave the highest yield(88%) of biodiesel. The production of biodiesel was confirmed by TLC examination and fuel properties in comparison with the ASTM standards.展开更多
Motile cells of the green alga, Ulva fasciata respond to the quantity and quality of irradiance simultaneously. The specific responses of motile cell types (gametes and spores) by irradiance influence migration behavi...Motile cells of the green alga, Ulva fasciata respond to the quantity and quality of irradiance simultaneously. The specific responses of motile cell types (gametes and spores) by irradiance influence migration behavior in coastal water environment. Gametes maximally aggregated at the highest white light intensity (250 μmol·m-2·s-1), while spores maximally aggregated in the dark (0 μmol m-2·s-1) of this study. Gametes maximally aggregated in green irradiance over blue, red and dark while spore maximally aggregated in the dark. The results of quantity are spectral responses are likely to be underline the ecological success and physiological strategies in varied irradiance environments includes: 1) gametes respond to specific quantities and spectral irradiance;2) spores respond negatively to quantity and quality of irradiance to enhance the probability of finding substratum;and 3) populations of adults that come from these motile cells behaviors. The specific quantities and spectral qualities of irradiance responses show specific ecological migration that can be attributed to photosynthesis under limiting irradiance in coastal waters for the motile cells of U. fasciata.展开更多
对裂片石莼的营养成分和矿物质元素进行分析,采用超滤技术分离多糖（UFP）,将不同分子量的多糖添加到烟丝中,测定解湿和吸湿性能以研究多糖保润性能,并进行感官评定。结果表明：裂片石莼中总糖、粗蛋白和纤维含量分别达34.68%,20.81%,2....对裂片石莼的营养成分和矿物质元素进行分析,采用超滤技术分离多糖（UFP）,将不同分子量的多糖添加到烟丝中,测定解湿和吸湿性能以研究多糖保润性能,并进行感官评定。结果表明：裂片石莼中总糖、粗蛋白和纤维含量分别达34.68%,20.81%,2.27%。超滤分离裂片石莼多糖获得〉100 ku UFP,≥30～100ku UFP,≥10～30 ku UFP和〈10 ku UFP 4个组分;4组分多糖在低湿度和高湿度均具有一定的保湿防潮作用;添加4组多糖后,卷烟总体感官效果均有提升,其中添加〈10 ku UFP提升效果最明显,但是其口腔残留感增加,舌面有颗粒感。展开更多
基金the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for the provision of scholarship to Noureen Fatima through Indigenous Ph.D. 5000 Fellowship Program (117-3083-PS7-208,50018488)
文摘This research article is based on the biodiesel synthesis from the marine green macroalga Ulva fasciata, collected from the coast of Karachi, Pakistan using new and the most potential waste catalysts from Pakistan Steel Industry.The oil was extracted with n-hexane then it was analyzed by GC, TLC and by the examination of fuel properties.The metal analysis of catalysts was carried out by chemical tests and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy(FAAS). The thermal treatment of catalysts at 1500–1700 °C during various processes in steel manufacturing industry converted the metals to metal oxides. The presence of CaO, MgO and ZnO in these catalysts made them highly reactive for biodiesel synthesis. The basicity of waste industrial catalysts was calculated to know their basic strength. The transesterification of U. fasciata oil was performed by fast stirring using 9:1 molar ratio of methanol/oil in the presence of seven different waste industrial catalysts for 6 h at 80–100 °C. The solid catalysts were easily separated from product for re-use. In addition, the rate of reaction in the presence of these catalysts was found to be quite feasible. The waste brown dust from the steel converter gave the highest yield(88%) of biodiesel. The production of biodiesel was confirmed by TLC examination and fuel properties in comparison with the ASTM standards.
文摘Motile cells of the green alga, Ulva fasciata respond to the quantity and quality of irradiance simultaneously. The specific responses of motile cell types (gametes and spores) by irradiance influence migration behavior in coastal water environment. Gametes maximally aggregated at the highest white light intensity (250 μmol·m-2·s-1), while spores maximally aggregated in the dark (0 μmol m-2·s-1) of this study. Gametes maximally aggregated in green irradiance over blue, red and dark while spore maximally aggregated in the dark. The results of quantity are spectral responses are likely to be underline the ecological success and physiological strategies in varied irradiance environments includes: 1) gametes respond to specific quantities and spectral irradiance;2) spores respond negatively to quantity and quality of irradiance to enhance the probability of finding substratum;and 3) populations of adults that come from these motile cells behaviors. The specific quantities and spectral qualities of irradiance responses show specific ecological migration that can be attributed to photosynthesis under limiting irradiance in coastal waters for the motile cells of U. fasciata.
文摘对裂片石莼的营养成分和矿物质元素进行分析,采用超滤技术分离多糖（UFP）,将不同分子量的多糖添加到烟丝中,测定解湿和吸湿性能以研究多糖保润性能,并进行感官评定。结果表明：裂片石莼中总糖、粗蛋白和纤维含量分别达34.68%,20.81%,2.27%。超滤分离裂片石莼多糖获得〉100 ku UFP,≥30～100ku UFP,≥10～30 ku UFP和〈10 ku UFP 4个组分;4组分多糖在低湿度和高湿度均具有一定的保湿防潮作用;添加4组多糖后,卷烟总体感官效果均有提升,其中添加〈10 ku UFP提升效果最明显,但是其口腔残留感增加,舌面有颗粒感。
