A case study of excessive vibrations inside buildings due to an underground railway:Experimental tests and theoretical analysis

Excessive vibrations inside buildings in the Lihu New Village caused by the Shenzhen Metro Line 2 underground railway were investigated by conducting analyses of the tunnel,the track irregularities,the stiffness of the fastening system,and the vibrations of the track system and the building at different speeds.A numerical simulation based on the dynamic coupling theory of the vehicle-track system was used to verify the experimental results.Suitable countermeasures were investigated.The results show that rail corrugation is the primary reason for the excessive vibration,and an increase in the stiffness of the vertical fastening system is the secondary reason.The solution was to eliminate the rail corrugation using rail grinding and decrease the vertical stiffness by changing the fastening system.The results of this study provide references for solving vibration problems caused by rail lines.

Building Information Modeling-Based Secondary Development System for 3D Modeling of Underground Pipelines

Underground pipeline networks constitute a major component of urban infrastructure,and thus,it is imperative to have an efficient mechanism to manage them.This study introduces a secondary development system to efficiently model underground pipeline networks,using the building information modeling(BIM)-based software Revit.The system comprises separate pipe point and tubulation models.Using a Revit application programming interface(API),the spatial position and attribute data of the pipe points are extracted from a pipeline database,and the corresponding tubulation data are extracted from a tubulation database.Using the Family class in Revit API,the cluster in the self-built library of pipe point is inserted into the spatial location and the attribute data is added;in the same way,all pipeline instances in the pipeline system are created.The extension and localization of the model accelerated the modeling speed.The system was then used in a real construction project.The expansion of the model database and rapid modeling made the application of BIM technology in three-dimensional visualization of underground pipeline networks more convenient.Furthermore,it has applications in pipeline engineering construction and management.

A Hygienic Survey of the Environment of Underground Space and Buildings

Full utilization of underground space and buildings could have positive economic and social effects. However, the microclimate and air quality must be well controlled so that they are not harmful to human health. This survey indicated that relative humidity is a common hygienic problem in underground space and buildings. Attention should be paid to humidity control and to the strengthening of routine ventilation at the construction stage. Carbon dioxide can be used as a hygiene index of air pollution; the sanitary standard for it in the air of underground buildings is 10%. The hygienic survey shows that the concentration of carbon dioxide is usually below this standard in the environments of underground space and buildings. (c)1989 Academic Press,Inc.

Dynamic Responses Analysis of a Building Structure Subjected to Ground Shock from a Tunnel Explosion

Dynamic responses of a multi-storey building without or with a sliding base-isolation device for ground shock induced by an in-tunnel explosion are numerically analyzed. The effect of an adjacent tunnel in between the building and the explosion tunnel, which affects ground shock propagation , is considered in the analysis. Different modeling methods, such as the eight-node equal-parametric finite element and mass-lumped system, are used to establish the coupling model consisting of the two adjacent tunnels, the surrounding soil medium with the Lysmer viscous boundary condition, and the multi-storey building with or without the sliding base-isolation device. In numerical calculations , a continuous friction model, which is different from the traditional Coulomb friction model, is adopted to improve the computational efficiency and reduce the accumulated errors. Some example analyses are subsequently performed to study the response characteristics of the building and the sliding base-isolation device to ground shock. The effect of the adjacent tunnel in between the building and the explosion tunnel on the ground shock wave propagation is also investigated. The final conclusions based on the numerical results will provide some guidance in engineering practice.

基于建筑高度和地层厚度的城市地下空间占用深度快速评估方法——以杭州市为例

城市高密度的建筑物事实上占据了位于其下部一定深度的地下空间资源,其占用深度对城市地下空间(UUS)网络化开发具有重要影响,因此,在UUS规划前,需要掌握规划范围内地下空间占用深度和空间分布格局。UUS占用深度除地下建筑物深度外还包括下部地基持力层深度,其与建筑高度和场地地质条件相关。笔者等提出基于建筑高度和地层厚度的UUS占用深度快速评估方法,以杭州主城区为研究对象,通过实测建筑高度数据和收集建筑基础数据建立评估数学模型,利用百度建筑数据和杭州三维地质模型生成的地层厚度数据,并基于GIS平台的空间分析,实现了对杭州市主城区建筑地下空间占用深度的快速评估。研究成果为城市地下空间规划所需的大范围地下空间占用情况提供了高效的评估手段。

基于严肃游戏的建筑地下空间水灾应急逃生路径评价研究

在全球气候变化和城市化进程加速的背景下,地下建筑空间的水灾逃生问题日益突出。研究以深圳市某高校科教综合楼地下实验室为案例,开发了基于Unreal Engine游戏引擎的地下建筑水灾虚拟逃生严肃游戏平台。该平台融合了建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)、流体仿真和严肃游戏模拟技术,通过BIM模型识别建筑逃生路网,并结合虚拟逃生试验获取逃生路径的评价指标数据。此外,采用客观权重法(Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)对评价指标进行客观赋权,计算逃生路径的综合得分,实现了多目标决策下的最优逃生路径识别。研究开发的严肃游戏平台为地下建筑水灾应急逃生提供了创新的分析和决策工具,对提高地下建筑安全性和应急管理能力具有现实意义。

Vibration transfer from underground train to multi-story building:Modelling and validation with in-situ test data

Excessive underground train-induced vibration becomes a serious environmental problem in cities.To investigate the vibration transfer from an underground train to a building nearby,an explicit-integration time-domain,three-dimensional finite element model is developed.The underground train,track,tunnel,soil layers and a typical multi-story building nearby are all fully coupled in this model.The complex geometries involving the track components and the building are all modelled in detail,which makes the simulation of vibration transfer more realistic from the underground train to the building.The model is validated with in-situ tests data and good agreements have been achieved between the numerical results and the experimental results both in time domain and frequency domain.The proposed model is applied to investigate the vibration transfer along the floors in the building and the influences of the soil stiffness on the vibration characteristics of the track-tunnel-soil-building system.It is found that the building vibration induced by an underground train is dominant at the frequency determined by the P2 resonance and influenced by the vibration modes of the building.The vertical vibration in the building decreases in a fluctuant pattern from the foundation to the top floor due to loss of high frequency contents and local modes.The vibration levels in different rooms at a same floor can be different due to the different local stiffness.A room with larger space thus smaller local stiffness usually has higher vibration level.Softer soil layers make the tunnel lining and the building have more low frequency vibration.The influence of the soil stiffness on the amplification scale along the floors of the building is found to be nonlinear and frequency-dependent,which needs to be further investigated.

Subjective evaluation of indoor environmental quality of underground shopping malls in central district of Chongqing,China

Good indoor environmental quality enhances occupant health,comfort and productivity. In order to know the status of indoor environmental quality of underground shopping malls,five large underground shopping malls in five central districts of Chongqing,China,were surveyed. 2 411 questionnaires were distributed,and 98.5% of them were returned. From the results of questionnaire survey,the following conclusions were obtained:(1) in the five underground shopping malls surveyed,only shopping mall D in Nan'an district accords with the ASHRAE standard for good indoor air quality; (2) odors and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms are widespread in the underground shopping malls. The SBS occurrence rates for women and salespersons are higher than those of men and customers,respectively; (3) in the evaluation of the indoor environment,the indoor air quality dissatisfaction rate is the highest,followed by the thermal environment; and (4) women and salespersons generally have higher rates of dissatisfaction with the indoor environmental quality of underground shopping malls than men and customers,respectively.

Exploration and Practice of Underground Space Design Guided by Green Idea in China

With the continuous deterioration of living environment, green building has become the development trend of architecture, however, usage of urban land is saturated with the development of the city. Thus, the development of underground space has attracted more and more attention, and it is of great significance to introduce green idea into the design of underground space in China. This paper is dedicated to research the exploration and development of green idea in design of underground space in China which can be divided into three stages: budding stage, exploration stage and rapid development stage. To realize ecological green space and sustainable development, diversifi ed and systematic development of green idea in design of underground space is an inevitable trend in China.

The establishment of the 3D landscape of the mine underground roadway

Because of the complexity and variability of the mine underground roadway, roadway is required to be dynamically generated in 3-D display,viewpoint can be trans- formed to achieve the 3-D roaming effect,and can do interactive inquiries and positioning for the roadway.In terms of the requirements above,gave the comparatively detailed elaboration of the solution,using the open graphics library (OpenGL) and relying on VC++ 6.0 combined with Database Programming.Mainly establish the 3D model landscape of the underground roadway using OpenGL based on VC programming environment and MFC programming,elaborated the powerful 3D graphics library,i.e.OpenGL in detail, gave the algorithm which can realize the relative positioning and of arbitrary point and the roaming and so on in the mine roadway,and also solves illumination,turning,and other issues of the roadway model.

城市地铁车站地下空间绿色建筑设计方法研究

为了降低城市地铁车站地下空间绿色建筑的全年总能耗占比,提出一种绿色建筑设计方法,包括采光设计、节地设计和环保设计。采光设计运用技术引入自然光,并通过手动照明补偿不足;节地设计采用垂直布局减少占地面积;环保设计利用BIM技术实现高质量环保建筑。实验结果表明,该设计方法可将年度总能耗占比降至83.2%,满足预期标准,优化了城市地铁车站地下空间绿色建筑的设计方法,为绿色建筑的可持续发展提供了新思路。

清代王爷园寝地下建筑的初步调查与研究

作为封建最后一个王朝的清朝,在定鼎燕京后,其所封爵的宗室亲王们大多生活于北京。经历朝绵延,生于斯、长于斯的大清朝的宗室亲王们,在薨逝后,顺理成章地把葬地选择在了北京或其周边地区。他们在这里修建了他们“百年之后”的万年福地,即“王爷园寝”。清代王爷园寝的建筑由地上建筑和地下建筑组成。从地面建筑上看,园寝多由神桥、碑亭、宫门、享殿、墓冢等几部分组成;从地下建筑来看,玄宫主要由罩门券、梓券、金券等几部分组成。这些地上与地下的建筑样式,充分反映了王爷园寝在当时历史时期的特点。

穿铁路站场市政道路设计研究

文章以某市政道路穿铁路枢纽站场段的城市道路设计为例,阐述了道路与建筑共建模式下市政道路的标准选取原则,宜根据建筑内道路空间的封闭特点选取合适的技术标准。研究结论表明,该路段位于建筑单侧封闭、单侧全开放式空间,其通风效果较好,设计参考棚洞做法,仅考虑照明设计,不考虑通风和消防设计;路段道路设计宜参照《城市地下道路工程设计规范》(CJJ 221—2015)相关条文确定技术要求,并开展相关的道路、照明设计;管线布置需结合规划需求,减少市政非必要管线穿过站场布置。

管道顶进用装配式圆形工作井承载性能研究

近年来装配式建筑正逐步应用在地下管道工程中,为了研究管道顶进用装配式圆形工作井的承载性能,结合现场监测的顶管顶进力情况,采用三维有限元方法对装配式圆形工作井的井片混凝土以及连接螺栓进行了受力分析。研究结果表明:通过在管壁涂刷润滑剂、采用触变泥浆进行压浆等减阻措施可以明显降低顶进力荷载,甚至可以使其达到设计值的50%以下;装配式圆形工作井在顶进力荷载的作用下,螺栓受拉情况不明显,仅后座墙位置的井片外侧混凝土呈明显受拉,设计中需要关注,必要时需对该部位制定加固方案;粘贴钢板加固方案相对于粘贴CFRP加固方案具有材料利用率更高、加固效果更加明显的优势。研究成果可为推广装配式建筑在管道工程中的应用提供理论依据和参考借鉴。

地下空间开发对其三面围合历保建筑影响实测分析

分析上海软土地区历史文化风貌区内某地下空间开发的深基坑施工对周边三面合围历史保护建筑的影响。深基坑分为三个区先后顺作实施,并采用锚杆静压桩对历史保护建筑进行沉降控制复合桩基加固,以控制新增地下空间施工对建筑物的影响。监测结果分析表明,基坑开挖前的历史保护建筑基础加固、基坑围护体施工、坑内被动区土体加固、工程桩施工等工程活动引起周边历史保护建筑沉降约占其总沉降的一半左右;历史保护建筑沉降内侧大而外侧小,中部大而角部小,各测点的沉降同其与基坑的距离大致线性相关;基坑开挖引起地下连续墙变形的空间效应会对紧邻的建筑变形产生显著影响,地下连续墙侧移大的区域引起建筑物的附加沉降也越大;基坑开挖引起了建筑物一定程度的倾斜回复,其最大差异沉降为1/468,最大倾斜变化量仅0.32‰,原有裂缝未进一步发展,说明沉降控制复合桩基加固保障了建筑物安全。

Numerical study on the seismic response of the underground subway station-surrounding soil mass-ground adjacent building system

Ground buildings constructed above metro station have increased very quickly due to the limited land resources in urban areas. In this paper, the seismic response of the Underground subway station-Surrounding soil mass- Ground adjacent buildings （USG） system subjected to various seismic loading is studied through numerical analysis. The numerical model is established in terms of the calculation domain, boundary condition, and contact property between soil and structure based on the real project. The reciprocal influence between subway station and ground adjacent building, and their effects on the dynamic characteristics of surrounding soil mass are also investigated. Through the numerical study, it is found that the impact of underground structure on the dynamic characteristics of the surrounding soil mass depends on its own dimension, and the presence of underground structure has certain impact on the seismic response of ground adjacent building. Due to the presence of underground structure and ground adjacent building, the vertical acceleration generated by the USG system cannot be ignored. The outcomes of this study can provide references for seismic design of structures in the USG system.

城市建设新阶段的城市更新建造技术研究

近年来,行业内针对城市更新领域的需求,创新发展了相应建造技术。详细介绍了城市更新中的主要建造技术,包括历史建筑保护性修缮技术、结构加固置换改造技术以及地下空间开发技术。这些技术为历史建筑的保护和修缮、空间存量挖掘提供了有力支持,提升了既有建筑的安全性和使用性能,实现了历史建筑风貌的重现和功能的重塑。通过对这些技术的研究,提出了未来城市更新建造技术工业化、绿色化、数字化、智能化的发展趋势,并对技术研发方向提出了建议与思考。

基于复合材料建筑模板的地下综合管廊施工技术研究

针对当前地下综合管廊施工存在混凝土结构质量差、模板施工精度低等问题,基于复合材料建筑模板,开展对地下综合管廊施工技术的研究。根据地下综合管廊施工特点及要求,对复合材料建筑模板结构进行设计;采用外操作架结合盘扣式脚手架的方式,实现复合材料建筑模板水平转运;根据施工图纸,完成模板安装与拆除施工。应用实例证明,新的施工技术应用后,地下综合管廊混凝土结构质量显著提升,同时模板的结构精度也能够充分满足施工要求,促进工程整体施工水平的提高。

深部开采对地表及竖井稳定性影响分析

以深井矿山阜山金矿整合矿区为工程背景,通过使用3DMine-FLAC3D数值分析及建模软件,分析了矿体位移规律和深部开采对地表的影响,建立了阜山整合矿区的三维数值计算模型。针对矿岩位移及地表变形的影响进行分析,结果表明:(1)矿体下盘处由于开挖卸荷作用而出现不同程度的底鼓现象,矿体上盘的变形特征为下沉,距离矿体越远,围岩变形越小;(2)当下方设计矿体回采、充填结束后,地表最大沉降变形、倾斜变形、曲率以及水平变形均能满足《有色金属采矿设计规范》(GB 50771—2012)相关要求;(3)主竖井井筒、207风井井筒中心线处的相对变形较小,地下矿体的回采活动未对主竖井、207风井产生影响;(4)地表沉降监测表明,地下开采引起的地表的沉降位移很小。