One year after the opening of the first cashier-free supermarket in China in 2016,most Chinese cities now have this kind of supermarket.While self-service stores make it more convenient for consumers,they also pose ri...One year after the opening of the first cashier-free supermarket in China in 2016,most Chinese cities now have this kind of supermarket.While self-service stores make it more convenient for consumers,they also pose risks to cashiers,whose jobs may thus vanish.展开更多
Urban development as traditionally defined is generally believed to have stimulated a great increase in employment in the course of urbanization. However, it is still not clear what effect urbanization at the township...Urban development as traditionally defined is generally believed to have stimulated a great increase in employment in the course of urbanization. However, it is still not clear what effect urbanization at the township level has on employment. Urbanization at the township and village levels is different from urbanization centered on larger cities. Apart from its demand-side effect on employment of the labor stock, it acts as a multi-dimensional shock to the labor supply intentions of rural labor and changes the capacity of the labor pool. Most of the newly added labor supply can only be absorbed through the development of local non-agricultural sectors. Township urbanization may worsen involuntary unemployment if it is not soundly executed and is unable to render strong support to the development of non-agricultural sectors. We used survey data from five provinces in China to verify these hypotheses, and found that in regions relying on the radiation effect of central cities to promote the coordinated growth of township development, industrialization and urbanization, there is a marked fall in involuntary unemployment. By contrast, in those regions that are cut off from the synergistic effect of nearby cities and are promoting small-scale urbanization on their own, development of non-agricultural industries lags behind and involuntary unemployment intensifies. These findings wam us that we urgently need to solve the problem of industry convergence in promoting urbanization at the township and village levels, and this in turn depends on our devising a much more systematic model for promoting urbanization.展开更多
文摘One year after the opening of the first cashier-free supermarket in China in 2016,most Chinese cities now have this kind of supermarket.While self-service stores make it more convenient for consumers,they also pose risks to cashiers,whose jobs may thus vanish.
文摘Urban development as traditionally defined is generally believed to have stimulated a great increase in employment in the course of urbanization. However, it is still not clear what effect urbanization at the township level has on employment. Urbanization at the township and village levels is different from urbanization centered on larger cities. Apart from its demand-side effect on employment of the labor stock, it acts as a multi-dimensional shock to the labor supply intentions of rural labor and changes the capacity of the labor pool. Most of the newly added labor supply can only be absorbed through the development of local non-agricultural sectors. Township urbanization may worsen involuntary unemployment if it is not soundly executed and is unable to render strong support to the development of non-agricultural sectors. We used survey data from five provinces in China to verify these hypotheses, and found that in regions relying on the radiation effect of central cities to promote the coordinated growth of township development, industrialization and urbanization, there is a marked fall in involuntary unemployment. By contrast, in those regions that are cut off from the synergistic effect of nearby cities and are promoting small-scale urbanization on their own, development of non-agricultural industries lags behind and involuntary unemployment intensifies. These findings wam us that we urgently need to solve the problem of industry convergence in promoting urbanization at the township and village levels, and this in turn depends on our devising a much more systematic model for promoting urbanization.
