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Unified Field Theory 被引量:4
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作者 Ilija Barukčić 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2016年第8期1379-1438,共61页
In the Einstein field equations, the geometry or the curvature of space-time defined as depended on the distribution of mass and energy principally resides on the left-hand side is set identical to a non-geometrical t... In the Einstein field equations, the geometry or the curvature of space-time defined as depended on the distribution of mass and energy principally resides on the left-hand side is set identical to a non-geometrical tensorial representation of matter on the right-hand side. In one or another form, general relativity accords a direct geometrical significance only to the gravitational field while the other physical fields are not of space time. They reside only in space time. Less well known, though of comparable importance is Einstein’s dissatisfaction with the fundamental asymmetry between gravitational and non-gravitational fields and his contributions to develop a completely relativistic geometrical field theory of all fundamental interactions, a unified field theory. Of special note in this context and equally significant is Einstein’s demand to replace the symmetrical tensor field by a non-symmetrical one and to drop the condition g<sub>ik</sub> = g<sub>ki</sub> for the field components. Historically, many other attempts were made too, to extend the general theory of relativity’s geometrization of gravitation to non-gravitational interactions, in particular, to electromagnetism. Still, progress has been very slow. It is the purpose of this publication to provide a unified field theory in which the gravitational field, the electromagnetic field and other fields are only different components or manifestations of the same unified field by mathematizing the relationship between cause and effect under conditions of general theory of relativity. 展开更多
关键词 Quantum theory Relativity theory unified field theory CAUSALITY
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A NON-DUALISTIC UNIFIED FIELD THEORY OF GRAVITATION,ELECTROMAGNETISM AND SPIN
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作者 余燊 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 1990年第2期99-115,共17页
The wisdom of classicalunified field theories in the conceptual framework of Weyl, Eddington, Einstein and Schrodinger has often been doubted and in particular there does not appear to be any empirical reason why the ... The wisdom of classicalunified field theories in the conceptual framework of Weyl, Eddington, Einstein and Schrodinger has often been doubted and in particular there does not appear to be any empirical reason why the Einstein-Maxwell (E-MJ theory needs to be geometrized. The crux of the matter is, however not whether the E-M theory is aesthetically satisfactory but whether it answers all the modern questions within the classical context. In particular, the E-M theory does not provide a classical platform from which the Dirac equation can be derived in the way Schrodinger's equation is derived from classical mechanics via the energy equation and the Correspondence Principle. The present paper presents a non-dualistic unified field theory (UFT) in the said conceptual framework as propounded by M. A. Tonnelat. By allowing the metric form ds2=g,dx dx and the non-degenerate two-form F=(1/2t)rdx dx to enter symmetrically into the theory we obtain a UFT which contains Einstein's General Relativity and the Born-Infeld electrodynamics as special cases. Above all, it is shown that the Dirac equation describing the electron in an 'external' gravito-electromagnetic field can be derived from the non-dualistic Einstein equation by a simple factorization if the Correspondence Principle is assumed. 展开更多
关键词 A NON-DUALISTIC unified field theory OF GRAVITATION ELECTROMAGNETISM AND SPIN
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A NEW MODELLING METHOD FOR EVALUATING EXTERNAL DISTURBING POTENTIAL BASED ON THEORY OF UNIFIED REPRESENTATION OF GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
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作者 ZHU Zhuowen HUANG Jinshui CAO Huasheng LUO Zhicai 《Geo-Spatial Information Science》 2000年第2期41-46,共6页
For a special use a new modelling method of evaluating external disturbing potential is presented in this paper.Being different from classical methods in physical geodesy this method is grounded upon the theory of uni... For a special use a new modelling method of evaluating external disturbing potential is presented in this paper.Being different from classical methods in physical geodesy this method is grounded upon the theory of unified representation of gravitational field.The models created in this way are particularly satisfactory for a high_speed computation of gravitational field in low altitude because they take account of topographic effects and have their kernel functions with simple structure and weak singularity. 展开更多
关键词 theory of unified representation of gravitational field evaluation of disturbing gravitational field topographic effect gravimetric inverse boundary value problem singlelayer potential
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Unified Theory of Fundamental Interactions 被引量:1
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作者 WUNing 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2003年第5期561-568,共8页
Based on local gauge invariance, four different kinds of fundamental interactions in nature are unified in a theory which has Gravitational Gauge Group gauge symmetry. In this approach, gravitational field, like elec... Based on local gauge invariance, four different kinds of fundamental interactions in nature are unified in a theory which has Gravitational Gauge Group gauge symmetry. In this approach, gravitational field, like electromagnetic field, intermediate gauge field, and gluon field, is represented by gauge potential. Four kinds of fundamental interactions are formulated in the similar manner, and therefore can be unified in a direct or semi-direct product group. The model discussed in this paper is a renormalizable quantum model and can be regarded as an extension of the standard model to gravitational interactions, so it can be used to study quantum effects of gravitational interactions. 展开更多
关键词 unified field theories gauge field quantum gravity
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Between Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity
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作者 Walter James Christensen Jr. 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2024年第8期1199-1228,共30页
The origin of elementary particle mass is considered as a function of n-valued graviton quanta. To develop this concept we begin in a cold region of “empty space” comprised of only microscopic gravitons oscillating ... The origin of elementary particle mass is considered as a function of n-valued graviton quanta. To develop this concept we begin in a cold region of “empty space” comprised of only microscopic gravitons oscillating at angular frequency ω. From opposite directions enters a pair of stray protons. Upon colliding, heat and energy are released. Customarily, this phase and what follows afterward would be described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Instead, we argue for an intermediary step. One in which neighboring gravitons absorb discrete amounts of plane-wave energy. Captured by the graviton, the planewave becomes a standing wave, whereupon its electromagnetic energy densities are converted into gravitational quanta. Immediately thereafter an elementary particle is formed and emitted, having both mass and spin. From absorption to conversion to emission occurs in less than 3.7 × 10−16 s. During this basic unit of hybrid time, general relativity and quantum physics unite into a common set of physical laws. As additional stray protons collide the process continues. Over eons, vast regions of spacetime become populated with low-mass particles. These we recognize to be dark matter by its effects on large scale structures in the universe. Its counterpart, dark energy, arises when the conversion of gravitational quanta to particle emission is interrupted. This causes the gravitational quanta to be ejected. It is recognized by its large scale effects on the universe. 展开更多
关键词 Dark Matter and Energy Gravitational Quanta Graviton Standing Wave Schwarzschild Metric General Relativity Quantum Physics unified field theory Blackholes
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Analysis of the Electromagnetic Characteristics and the Mechanism Underlying Bio-Medical Function of Longitudinal Electromagnetic (LEM) Waves
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作者 Jianzhong Jiang Yufeng Wang 《Journal of Power and Energy Engineering》 2024年第10期31-49,共19页
Based on theoretical system of current Maxwell’s equations, the Maxwell’s equations for LEM waves concealed in full current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) are proposed. Then, ta... Based on theoretical system of current Maxwell’s equations, the Maxwell’s equations for LEM waves concealed in full current law and Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s law) are proposed. Then, taking them as the fundamental equations, the wave equation and energy equation of LEM waves are established, and a new electromagnetic wave propagation mode based on the mutual induction of scalar electromagnetic fields/vortex magneto-electric fields, which was overlooked in current Maxwell’s equations, are put forward. Moreover, through theoretical derivation based on vacuum LEM waves, the Maxwell’s equations of the gravitational field generated by vacuum LEM waves, the wave equations of the electromagnetic scalar potential/magnetic vector potential and the constraint equation governing the wave phase-velocities between LEM/TEM waves are discovered. Finally, on the basis of these theoretical research results, the electromagnetic properties of vacuum LEM waves are analyzed in detail, encompassing the speed of light, harmless penetrability to the human body, absorption and stable storage by water, the possibility of generating artificial gravitational fields, and the capability of extracting free energy. This reveals the medical functional mechanism of LEM waves and establishes a solid theoretical basis for the application of LEM waves in the fields of medicine and energy. 展开更多
关键词 QED (Quantum Electrodynamics) Longitudinal Electromagnetic Wave Maxwell’s Equations Electromagnetic Induction Artificial Gravitational field unified field theory
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The Geometrization of the Electromagnetic Field
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作者 Ilija Barukčić 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2016年第12期2135-2171,共37页
Einstein used the term “unified field theory” in a title of a publication for the first time in 1925. Somewhat paradoxically, an adequate historical, physical and philosophical understanding of the dimension of Eins... Einstein used the term “unified field theory” in a title of a publication for the first time in 1925. Somewhat paradoxically, an adequate historical, physical and philosophical understanding of the dimension of Einstein’s unification program cannot be understood without fully acknowledging one of Einstein’s philosophical principles. Despite many disappointments, without finding a solution besides of the many different approaches along the unified field theory program and in ever increasing scientific isolation, Einstein insisted on the unity of objective reality as the foundation of the unity of science. Einstein’s engagement along his unification program was burdened with a number of difficulties and lastly in vain. Nevertheless, a successful geometrization of the gravitational and the electromagnetic fields within the framework of the general theory of relativity is possible. Thus far, it is a purpose of the present contribution to geometrize the electromagnetic field within the framework of the general theory of relativity. 展开更多
关键词 Quantum theory Relativity theory unified field theory CAUSALITY
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A new unified theory of electromagnetic and gravitational interactions
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作者 Li-Xin Li 《Frontiers of physics》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第6期35-66,共32页
In this paper we present a new unified theory of electromagnetic and gravitational interactions. By considering a four-dimensional spacetime as a hypersurface embedded in a five-dimensional bulk spacetime, we derive t... In this paper we present a new unified theory of electromagnetic and gravitational interactions. By considering a four-dimensional spacetime as a hypersurface embedded in a five-dimensional bulk spacetime, we derive the complete set of field equations in the four-dimensional spacetime from the five-dimensional Einstein field equation. Besides the Einstein field equation in the four-dimensional spacetime, an electromagnetic field equation is obtained: del F-a(ab) - xi R-b (a)A(a) = -4 pi J(b) with xi = -2, where F-ab is the antisymmetric electromagnetic field tensor defined by the potential vector A(a), R-ab is the Ricci curvature tensor of the hypersurface, and J(a) is the electric current density vector. The electromagnetic field equation differs from the Einstein-Maxwell equation by a curvature-coupled term xi R-b (a)A(a), whose presence addresses the problem of incompatibility of the Einstein-Maxwell equation with a universe containing a uniformly distributed net charge, as discussed in a previous paper by the author [L.-X. Li, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 48, 28 (2016)]. Hence, the new unified theory is physically different from Kaluza-Klein theory and its variants in which the Einstein-Maxwell equation is derived. In the four-dimensional Einstein field equation derived in the new theory, the source term includes the stress-energy tensor of electromagnetic fields as well as the stress-energy tensor of other unidentified matter. Under certain conditions the unidentified matter can be interpreted as a cosmological constant in the four-dimensional spacetime. We argue that, the electromagnetic field equation and hence the unified theory presented in this paper can be tested in an environment with a high mass density, e.g., inside a neutron star or a white dwarf, and in the early epoch of the universe. 展开更多
关键词 general relativity Maxwell's equations unified field theory Kaluza-Klein theory brane world theory
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Unification of Electromagnetic Interactions and Gravitational Interactions
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作者 WUNing 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2002年第3期322-326,共5页
Unified theory of gravitational interactions and electromagnetic interactions is discussed in this paper.Based on gauge principle, electromagnetic interactions and gravitational interactions are formulated in the same... Unified theory of gravitational interactions and electromagnetic interactions is discussed in this paper.Based on gauge principle, electromagnetic interactions and gravitational interactions are formulated in the same mannerand are unified in a semi-direct product group of U(1) Abelian gauge group and gravitational gauge group. 展开更多
关键词 quantum gravity unified field theory gauge field theory
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Anti Aristotle—The Division of Zero by Zero
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作者 Jan Pavo Barukčić Ilija Barukčić 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2016年第4期749-761,共13页
Today, the division of zero by zero (0/0) is a concept in philosophy, mathematics and physics without a definite solution. On this view, we are left with an inadequate and unsatisfactory situation that we are not allo... Today, the division of zero by zero (0/0) is a concept in philosophy, mathematics and physics without a definite solution. On this view, we are left with an inadequate and unsatisfactory situation that we are not allowed to divide zero by zero while the need to divide zero by zero (i.e. divide a tensor component which is equal to zero by another tensor component which is equal to zero) is great. A solution of the philosophically, logically, mathematically and physically far reaching problem of the division of zero by zero (0/0) is still not in sight. The aim of this contribution is to solve the problem of the division of zero by zero (0/0) while relying on Einstein’s theory of special relativity. In last consequence, Einstein’s theory of special relativity demands the division of zero by zero. Due to Einstein’s theory of special relativity, it is (0/0) = 1. As we will see, either we must accept the division of zero by zero as possible and defined, or we must abandon Einstein’s theory of special relativity as refuted. 展开更多
关键词 Number theory Quantum theory Relativity theory unified field theory CAUSALITY
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Anti Chsh—Refutation of the Chsh Inequality
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作者 Ilija Barukčić 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2016年第4期686-696,共11页
Today, quantum-mechanical concepts i.e. such as non-locality refer to some mathematical foundations, especially to Bell’s inequality and the Chsh inequality. Experimental data, analyzed while using Bell’s inequality... Today, quantum-mechanical concepts i.e. such as non-locality refer to some mathematical foundations, especially to Bell’s inequality and the Chsh inequality. Experimental data, analyzed while using Bell’s inequality or the Chsh inequality, favor a quantum mechanical description of nature over local hidden variable theories (often referred to as local realism). In general, the use of mathematically inconsistent methods can imply a waste of money, time and effort on this account. Under some certain conditions (the assumption of independence) Bell’s theorem and the Chsh inequality are already refuted. The purpose of this publication is to explore the terra incognita, the interior logic that may lie beyond Bell’s original theorem and the Chsh inequality and to refute both Bell’s original theorem and the Chsh inequality under any circumstances by the proof that we can derive a logical contradiction out of Bell’s inequalities. Thus far, if you accept Bell’s theorem or the Chsh inequality as correct, then you must accept too that +0 = +1, which is a logical contradiction. Bell’s theorem and the Chsh inequality are refuted in general. In this insight, it appears to be necessary to revisit the very foundations of quantum theory and of physics as such. 展开更多
关键词 Relativity theory Quantum theory unified field theory CAUSALITY
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The Physical Meaning of the Wave Function
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作者 Ilija Barukčić 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2016年第6期988-1023,共36页
Under some well-defined conditions, the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics enables physicists, chemists and others to calculate and predict the outcome of a vast number of experiments. In fact, especially the... Under some well-defined conditions, the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics enables physicists, chemists and others to calculate and predict the outcome of a vast number of experiments. In fact, especially the Schr?dinger equation which involves an imaginary quantity describes how a quantum state of a physical system changes with time and is one of the main pillars of modern quantum mechanics. The wave function itself is a determining part of the Schr&oumldinger equation, but the physical meaning of the wave function is still not clear. Altogether, does the wave function represent a new kind of reality? This publication will solve the problem of the physical meaning of the wave function by investigating the relationship between the wave function and the theory of special relativity. It is shown that the wave function is determined by notion co-ordinate time of the special theory of relativity. Moreover, the result of this investigation suggests a new understanding of the wave function, according to which the wave function and co-ordinate time of the theory of special relativity are equivalent. 展开更多
关键词 Quantum theory Relativity theory unified field theory CAUSALITY
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Anti Heisenberg—The End of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
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作者 Ilija Barukčić 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2016年第5期881-887,共7页
In contrast to many other physical theories, quantum mechanics is generally regarded as above any theory we have ever had and perhaps the best candidate for a universal and fundamental description of objective realty ... In contrast to many other physical theories, quantum mechanics is generally regarded as above any theory we have ever had and perhaps the best candidate for a universal and fundamental description of objective realty as such. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is not the only aspect of the conceptual difference between quantum and classical physics but is certainly one of the most important and famous aspects of quantum mechanics. As we will see, quantum mechanics as a theory and especially Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle challenges not only our imagination but violates some fundamental principles of classical logic as such. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is refuted. 展开更多
关键词 Relativity theory Quantum theory unified field theory CAUSALITY
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The Electromagnetic Nature of Gravitation and Matter-Antimatter Antigravity. Surmise on Quantum Vacuum Gravitation and Cosmology
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作者 Constantin Meis 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2022年第6期949-968,共20页
We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. It corresponds to the electroma... We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. It corresponds to the electromagnetic field ground state at zero frequency, a zero-energy cosmic field permeating all of space and it is composed of real states, called kenons (κενο = vacuum). Photons are local oscillations of kenons guided by a non-local vector potential wave function with quantized amplitude. They propagate at the speed imposed by the vacuum electric permittivity ε<sub>0</sub> and magnetic permeability μ<sub>0</sub>, which are intrinsic properties of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. The electron-positron elementary charge derives naturally from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and is related to the photon vector potential. We establish the masse-charge equivalence relation showing that the masses of all particles (leptons, mesons, baryons) and antiparticles are states of the elementary charges and their magnetic moments. The equivalence between Newton’s gravitational law and Coulomb’s electrostatic law results naturally. In addition, we show that the gravitational constant G is expressed explicitly through the electromagnetic quantum vacuum constants putting in evidence the electromagnetic nature of gravity. We draw that G is the same for matter and antimatter but gravitational forces should be repulsive between particles and antiparticles because their masses bear naturally opposite signs. The electromagnetic quantum vacuum appears to be the natural link between quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology and constitutes a basic step towards a unified field theory. Dark Energy and Dark Matter might originate from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum fluctuations. The calculated electromagnetic vacuum energy density, related to the cosmological constant considered responsible for the cosmic acceleration, is in good agreement with the astrophysical observations. The cosmic acceleration may be due to both “quantum vacuum fluctuations” and “matter-antimatter gravitational repelling”. All the above results are established without stating any assumptions or postulates. Next, we advance two hypotheses with cosmological impact. The first is based on the possibility that gravitation is due to the electromagnetic quantum vacuum density of states fluctuations giving rise to a photon pressure at the characteristic collective oscillation frequencies of the charge densities composing the bodies (Electromagnetic Push Gravity). The second advances that energy, matter and antimatter in the universe emerge spontaneously from the quantum vacuum fluctuations as residues that remain stable in space and we present the main principles upon which a new cosmological model may be developed overcoming the well-known Big Bang issues. 展开更多
关键词 Photons Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic Quantum Vacuum Dark Light Kenons GRAVITATION Matter-Antimatter Antigravity Electromagnetic Push Gravity Dark Energy Cosmological Constant Dark Matter Elementary Charges Mass-Charge Relation Cosmology unified field theory
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Newton’s Gravitational Constant Big G Is Not a Constant
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作者 Ilija Barukčić 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2016年第6期510-522,共13页
Newton’s gravitational constant Big <sub>O</sub>G, appearing in both Newton’s law of gravity and Einstein’s general relativity, is essential for our today’s understanding of gravity. Thus far, despite ... Newton’s gravitational constant Big <sub>O</sub>G, appearing in both Newton’s law of gravity and Einstein’s general relativity, is essential for our today’s understanding of gravity. Thus far, despite of the very long history of measurements of Newton’s gravitational constant Big <sub>O</sub>G, a definite value is still not in sight. Surprisingly, the results of different experiments have varied by much more than would be expected due to systematic or random errors. Why do measurements of Newton’s gravitational constant Big <sub>O</sub>G vary so much? The purpose of this publication is to provide a logically and mathematically self-consistent theoretical proof that Newton’s gravitational constant Big <sub>O</sub>G is not a constant. 展开更多
关键词 Quantum theory Relativity theory unified field theory CAUSALITY
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Unified characteristics line theory of spacial axisymmetric plastic problem 被引量:6
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作者 俞茂宏 李建春 张永强 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS 2001年第2期207-215,共9页
The unified strength theory proposed by Yu in 1991 is extended to spacial axisymmetric problem. A unified spacial axismymmetric characteristics line theory based on the unified strength theory is proposed. This theory... The unified strength theory proposed by Yu in 1991 is extended to spacial axisymmetric problem. A unified spacial axismymmetric characteristics line theory based on the unified strength theory is proposed. This theory takes account of different effects of intermediate principal stress on yielding or failure and the SD effect (tensile-compression strength difference) of materials. Various conventional axisymmetric characteristics line theories, which are based on the Haar-von Karman plastic condition, Szczepinski hypothesis, Tresca criterion, von Mises criterion and Mohr-Coulomb theory, are special cases of the new theory. Besides, a series of new spacial axisymmetric characteristics fields for different materials can be introduced. It forms a unified spacial axisymmetric characteristics theory. Two examples are calculated with the new theory, the results are compared with those obtained by the finite element program UEPP and those based on the Mohr-Coulomb strength theory. It is shown that the new theory is reliable and feasible. The economic benefit can be obtained from the engineering application of the new theory. 展开更多
关键词 plastic axisymmetric problem unified strength theory unified characteristics line field theory Haar-von Karman condition
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