Analytic Solution of Elasto-Plastic Stress in Infinite Slope under Uniform Load

According to the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion, the stress field of the infinite slope is derived under a vertical uniform load q on the top of the slope. It is indicated that elastic and elasto-plastic states would occur in the slope. When q is smaller than the critical load, q(p), the slope is in the elastic state. If q equals q(p), the slope is in the critical state, and the plastic deformation would occur along the critical angle. With the increase of q, the plastic zone would extend, and the slope is in the elasto-plastic State. If q equals limit load, the slope is in the limit equilibrium state. The slope may be divided into three zones. Some charts of the critical angle, the critical and limit load coefficients are presented in this paper.

Generation of electromotive force in igneous rocks subjected to non-uniform loading

When one end of an air-dry igneous rock block was uniaxially loaded in laboratory, there appeared an electromotive force that made electric currents flow from the stressed volume to the unstressed volume. Quartz-free rocks such as gabbro also generated this force, stronger than quartz-bearing rocks such as granite. This indicates that the piezoelectric effect of quartz and the electrokinetic effect of pore water do not make a large contribution toward generating the electromotive force. We focus on peroxy bond that is one of the abundant lattice defects in igneous rock-forming minerals. When mechanical loading deforms the lattice structure around this defect and breaks its bond, its energy levels change and act like an accepter. As an electron is trapped at this defect from a neighbor 02- site, a positive hole is activated there. They attempt to diffuse toward the unstressed volume through the valence band and are simultaneously affected by the attractive electric force with the electrons trapped in peroxy bonds. This leads to a polarization in the stressed volume and the generation of electromotive force between the stressed and unstressed volumes. Similar electromotive force may be generated in the Earth＇s crust where inhomogeneous stress/strain is changing.

Theoretical and experimental analyses of casing collapsing strength under non-uniform loading

Failure data from oilfield showed that casings which were designed according to API standards were deformed and collapsed in salt formations. The main reason for decrease in strength may be caused by non-uniform loading(NUL) that was not considered in traditional casing collapsing strength design or that the designing method should be improved and developed. Obviously, the calculation of casing collapse strength is one of the key factors in casing design. However, the effect of NUL on casing collapse strength was generally neglected in the present computational methods. Therefore, a mechanical model which can calculate casing collapse strength under NUL was established based on the curved beam theory of the elasticity and was solved using displacement method. Simultaneously, three anti-collapse experiments were performed on C110 casing under NUL, and the strain and deformation laws of three casings in the process of collapse were obtained by the electrical method. Yield limit of every casing was obtained by analyzing those data. Experimental results are consistent with the results of calculation of new model. It indicates that the model can be used to calculate yield limit loading of casings under NUL.

Uncertainty Analysis of the Residual Strength of Non-Uniformly Loaded Casingsin Deep Wells

An uncertainty analysis method is proposed for the assessment of the residual strength of a casing subjected to wear and non-uniform load in a deep well.The influence of casing residual stress,out-of-roundness and non-uniform load is considered.The distribution of multi-source parameters related to the residual anti extrusion strength and residual anti internal pressure strength of the casing after wear are determined using the probability theory.Considering the technical casing of X101 well in Xinjiang Oilfield as an example,it is shown that the randomness of casing wear depth,formation elastic modulus and formation Poisson’s ratio are the main factors that affect the uncertainty of residual strength.The wider the confidence interval is,the greater the uncertainty range is.Compared with the calculations resulting from the proposed uncertainty analysis method,the residual strength obtained by means of traditional single value calculation method is either larger or smaller,which leads to the conclusion that the residual strength should be considered in terms of a range of probabilities rather than a single value.

BENDING SOLUTION OF A RECTANGULAR PLATE WITH ONE EDGE BUILT－IN AND ONE CORNER POINT SUPPORTED SUBJECTED TO UNIFORM LOAD

In this paper, using of the superposition principle. the bending solution ofrectangular plate with one edge built-in and one corner point supported subjected touniform load is derived. The results indicate the method has the advantages of rabidconvergence and high precision.

Green's functions for uniformly distributed loads acting on an inclined line in a poroelastic layered site

Based on one type of practical Biot＇s equation and the dynamic-stiffness matrices ofa poroelastic soil layer and half-space, Green＇s functions were derived for unitformly distributed loads acting on an inclined line in a poroelastie layered site. This analysis overcomes significant problems in wave scattering due to local soil conditions and dynamic soil-structure interaction. The Green＇s functions can be reduced to the case of an elastic layered site developed by Wolf in 1985. Parametric studies are then carried out through two example problems.

NONLINEAR VIBRATION OF CIRCULAR SANDWICH PLATE UNDER THE UNIFORMED LOAD

The differential equations of the axisymmetric large amplitude free vibration for circular sandwich plates under static load are derived, and a set of nonlinearly coupled algebraic and differential eigenvalue equations of the problem are formulated following an assumed time mode approach suggested. The analytic solutions are presented and a relation for amplitude frequency-load of the plates with edge clamped is derived by modified iteration method. The effects of static load on vibrations of plates are investigated.

Non-capacity transport of non-uniform bed load sediment in alluvial rivers

Rivers often witness non-uniform bed load sedim ent transport. For a long tim e, non-uniform bed load transport has been assum ed to be at capacity regime determined exclusively by local flow. Yet whether the capacity assumption for non-uniform bed load transport is justified remains poorly understood. Here, the relative time scale of non-uniform bed load transport is evaluated and non-capacity and capacity models are compared for both aggradation and degradation cases with observed data. As characterized by its relative time scale, the adaptation of non-uniform bed load to capacity regime should be fulfilled quickly. However, changes in the flow and sedim ent inputs from upstream or tributaries hinder the adaptation. Also, the adaptation to capacity regime is size dependent, the finer the sediment size the slower the adaptation is, and vice versa. It is shown that the capacity model may entail considerable errors compared to the non-capacity model. For modelling of non-uniform bed load, non-capacity modelling is recommended, in which the temporal and spatial scales required for adaptation are explicitly appreciated.

Dynamic Failure Model of Thin Coal and Rock Mass under Uniform Impact Load

During the excavation of deep coal and rock mass, the radial stress of the free face changes from three-dimensional compression state to two-dimensional stress, bearing the combined action of dynamic disturbance and static load at the same time. With that, many mines suffer from dynamic disasters, such as coal and gas outburst, rock burst and rock caving during deep mining excavation, which is often accompanied by plate crack, spalling and other disasters, seriously affecting the stability of stope and roadway. Taking thin rectangular coal and rock mass as the research object, the dual equation of the free vibration was derived and the exact solution model of the free vibration was established with the use of Hamilton dual system. Based on the action characteristics of the uniform impact load, the effective mode of the forced vibration was obtained by using the Duhamel integral principle and the orthogonality of the mode function. Based on the third strength theory and the numerical simulation results, the dynamic damage process and development trend of coal and rock mass were analyzed under uniform impact load. It was concluded that the starting position of dynamic damage can be judged by the first order main mode, and the development direction and trend of the damage can be judged by the fifth and sixth order main modes. It was concluded that the vibration mode functions of coal and rock mass with four side fixed (C-C-C-C), the two sides fixed and simply supported on the other (S-C-S-C) are mainly composed of three modes that are the first order (dominant frequency), the fifth order and the sixth order, from which the dynamic damage mechanism is preliminarily studied.

Natural Frequency of the Bridge—Vehicle Coupled System Considering Uniform Distributed Moving Load

Natural frequencies of the bridge—vehicle coupling system considering uniform distributed load varying with position is investigated in this work.An analytic model of a simply supported beam bridge with constant section is introduced to establish the frequency equations of the coupled system.Comparisons with the results between analytic model and FEM indicate that the present research is correct and reasonable.In view of an example bridge,natural frequencies are studied on the bridge subjected to uniform distributed moving loads in cases of different weight and span,by which some regular phenomenon are obtained.The present study can apply in the engineering problem of interaction between bridges and moving loads such as trains and tracked vehicles.

Finding the buckling load of non-uniform columns using the iteration perturbation method

The aim of this study is to calculate the critical load of variable inertia columns. The example studied in this paper can be used as a paradigm for other non-uniform columns. The wavelength of equivalent vibratory system is used to calculate the critical load of the trigonometrically varied inertia column. In doing so, the equilibrium equation of the column is theoretically studied using the perturbation method. Accuracy of the calculated results is evaluated by comparing the solution with numerical results. Effect of improving the initial guess on the solution accuracy is investigated. Effects of varying parameters of the trigonometrically varied inertia and the uniformly tapered columns on their stability behavior are studied. Finally, using the so-called ＂perfectibility＂ parameter, two design goals, i.e., being lightweight and being strong, are studied for the discussed columns.

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF LOAD-UNIFORMING MANGLE ROLLERS WITH AXIALLY-STAGGERED CONTACT

It is desirable to get a uniform load distribution for the pressure rollers of the mangle.In thispaper,the load uniforming principle of the axially-staggered pressure rollers and the rules for theroller design have been analysed by the theory of bending of beams.The ratio of maximum tominimum value of the distributed load in the nip being taken as a useful index to describe the uni-formity of the load distribution,the performance of the so-called load-uniforming pressure rollerswith rubber covering,under various operation conditions,has been evaluated.As a result,it isproved that the load-uniforming pressure rollers with axially-staggered contact is a pratically use-ful means of uniformizing the load distribution,which ensures that the mangle will squeeze the ma-terial to be processed uniformly over its whole width under any technological load,and needs onlysome simple regulations.The conclusions obtained in this paper can easily be extended to the pressure rollers with anysupport conditions.

The Response of Viscously Damped Euler-Bernoulli Beam to Uniform Partially Distributed Moving Loads

The paper investigates the response of non-initially stressed Euler-Bernoulli beam to uniform partially distributed moving loads. The governing partial differential equations were analyzed for both moving force and moving mass problem in order to determine the behaviour of the system under consideration. The analytical method in terms of series solution and numerical method were used for the governing equation. The effect of various beam observed that the response amplitude due to the moving force is greater than that due to moving mass. It was also found that the response amplitude of the moving force problem with non-initial stress increase as mass of the mass of the load M increases.

基于广义柔度曲率信息熵的板式轨道脱空损伤识别

板式轨道填充层作为轨道结构关键部位,在高频列车荷载和环境共同作用下出现脱空损伤,引起脱空位置轨道结构刚度改变。为有效检测板式轨道的轨道板脱空情况,采用数值仿真分析得到无砟轨道模态信息,利用轨道脱空区域广义柔度曲率局部峰值进行轨道脱空损伤识别。结合广义柔度、均匀荷载面(Uniform load surface, ULS)、曲率和局部信息熵,提出可定位损伤的ULS曲率信息熵,并在CRTS III板式轨道上进行验证。研究结果表明:广义柔度曲率利用轨道脱空前后模态信息计算轨道脱空损伤曲率差,能够有效定位脱空位置;ULS曲率信息熵表征值只需要轨道的一阶模态信息便能够有效地反映轨道脱空位置及面积,且克服了广义柔度曲率需要健康模态信息的不足;轨道对称位置上相同面积脱空的ULS曲率信息熵值相同;ULS曲率信息熵值与脱空面积和厚度成正相关关系;ULS曲率信息熵表征值具有较好的损伤识别敏感性,能够识别小于单个测点布置面积的0.1 m×0.1 m小面积脱空,并且对轨道板边脱空识别敏感性高于轨道板中脱空识别敏感性。

陶粒混凝土外挂墙板受弯性能研究

本文设计了一种带窗洞口的全轻页岩陶粒混凝土外挂墙板,并通过静力试验和有限元模拟,研究其在均布荷载作用下的受弯性能。研究结果表明:外挂墙板平面外侧向位移未超过其跨度的1/200,其破坏形态以弯曲破坏为主,且未出现面外失稳破坏;外挂墙板开裂荷载、极限承载力有限元模拟值二者与试验值分别相差13%和5%,且模拟的裂缝发展情况与试验结果基本一致。

考虑啮合误差的复式行星传动系统均载特性研究

为研究复式行星传动系统的均载特性及影响均载特性的因素,通过势能法建立齿轮刚度求解模型,求解了传动系统的时变啮合刚度;计入阻尼、时变啮合刚度、啮合误差等因素影响,采用集中质量法建立了系统的平移-扭转耦合动力学模型,利用Newmark-β积分法求解了系统的动态响应,以均载系数量化均载性能,分析了转速、负载及单构件和多构件偏心误差对系统均载性能的影响。分析结果表明,提高转速会降低系统的均载性能,增加负载会提高系统的均载性能;偏心误差的增大会使系统的均载性能降低,当偏心误差同时作用在内啮合的构件上时会使均载系数下降3.1%;当同类行星轮的偏心误差以旋转中心作用时,会有效降低偏心误差对系统均载性能的影响。

车辆荷载作用下电解车间楼板配筋计算方法的探讨

电解车间操作楼板上作用有车辆荷载,其配筋计算可按以下两种方法设计:①将车轮的局部荷载按结构效应的等效原则,换算为等效均布荷载,再采用结构计算软件进行内力计算并配筋;②按行车桥板的计算方法进行内力计算并配筋。本文详细介绍了计算过程中应注意的问题,并列出分析结果。通过工程实例,提出了合理的结构计算原则,对类似工程具有参考和借鉴作用。

等效非均匀荷载条件下梯形截面岩石力学特性试验研究

基于巷道开挖过程中围岩应力转移分布特点,着重探究非均匀荷载下岩体变形规律。提出了新的岩石力学试验方法,该方法根据岩石应力–应变曲线,加工出特定的梯形截面试件及相应的刚性垫片,以实现单轴压缩时的轴向荷载非均匀分布。计算了梯形截面试件压缩时荷载分布与截面高度的关系,并对试验条件下的试件应力分布与岩石状态分区进行讨论,在右侧面高度为75 mm时试件破坏前左侧面处于塑性变形阶段,在右侧面高度为85 mm时试件破坏前左侧面仍处于弹性变形阶段。得到了非均匀荷载压缩条件下单一完整岩体的变形特性;梯形截面砂岩破坏前有明显的分区,各点位塑性硬化程度不一致,S85试件点位3右侧处塑性硬化程度最大,S75试件点位2右侧处塑性硬化程度最大。试验结果表明,非均匀荷载压缩条件下的岩石呈非线性变形特征;同时,岩石局部的损伤会加快附近岩石的塑性软化。提出了非均匀荷载条件下不同竖向截面内轴向应变差会引起附加切应力,附加切应力在中性面上、下方向相反,大小与应变变化率成正相关。在附加切应力作用下,岩石单元最大剪应力平面角度增大,试件破坏形态由原本对“核”形态转变为沿着斜面倾向拉长的相对棱台状。

基于荷载扰动深度的矿山采动场地稳定性分析

荷载扰动下的安全临界深度作为判别矿山采动场地稳定性的关键指标,对矿山地质安全与变形控制具有重要指导意义。采用极限平衡法分析壁式开采采空区破裂岩体自然平衡应力拱结构特征,利用角点法计算矩形均布荷载作用下地基中附加应力影响深度,推导了地下开采工作面与上方荷载扰动下的临界深度计算公式。以山东省济宁市某矿山采动场地稳定性评价为工程实例的研究结果表明:顾及上覆荷载附加应力的采空区活化的临界深度为159.5m,与采用开采条件判别法和地表移动变形判别法得到的场地稳定性评价结果一致。研究成果可为相似地质采矿条件下采空区破裂岩体结构特征分析与矿山安全地质危险性评价提供理论指导。

基于热负荷均匀分配原则的直接空冷系统轴流风机转速灵活调节策略

在直接空冷电站中,轴流风机功耗占厂用电比例较高。为获得更为高效的风机运行调整策略,以某典型2´600 MW直接空冷机组为例,基于热负荷均匀分配原则,采用数值模拟方法,研究轴流风机转速灵活调节策略。获得不同环境温度和风速条件下,各轴流风机转速分布规律以及通过空冷凝汽器单元的冷却空气质量流量分布规律。最终,计算得到不同环境气象条件下不同轴流风机转速调节策略风机总功耗变化规律。结果表明,基于热负荷均匀分配原则的轴流风机转速灵活调整策略明显优于轴流风机转速整体调节策略,结果可为直接空冷机组优化运行和深层次节能提供参考。