Open banking and inclusive finance in the European Union:perspectives from the Dutch stakeholder ecosystem

In the European Union(EU),the revised Payment Services Directive(PSD2)aims to provide more convenient and customized financial products through open banking(OB)platforms.However,little attention has been paid to the role of OB in improving the financial well-being of the growing number of the EU’s underserved groups,which currently constitute approximately a quarter of its population.This study examines how the PSD2 and OB impact inclusive finance in the EU based on the perspectives of the Netherlands’ecosystem,one of the leaders in the EU’s financial technology(FinTech)landscape.A fundamental distinction can be drawn between the OB users and the ecosystem’s players.Regarding the impact of financial services on the users’inclusivity,while the PSD2 strengthens the infrastructure necessary for financial inclusion,many challenges remain,mainly because it was not designed for this purpose.This study identifies several areas of improvement that include adjustments to the know your customer and anti-money laundering processes for underserved customers,innovative ways to communicate the PSD2’s potential,and the regulation of technology providers’activities to build trust.Meanwhile,from the ecosystem’s position,there is a need to strengthen and improve microfinance regulation according to the opportunities provided by the PSD2 to support microfinance institutions(MFIs)in scaling up and reaching underserved clients across borders with innovative services.OB improvements can also be achieved by organizations formed by MFIs and FinTechs in collaboration with banks.Such hybrid institutions will combine the best features of each of them:knowledge of the needs of local underserved clients from MFIs,technological innovations from FinTechs,and large and trusted customer bases,infrastructures,and access to institutional investments and governments from banks.Finally,an EU inclusive OB sector depends on the centrality of trusted regulators as coordination bodies.The PSD2 requires adjustments for underserved populations’specific needs.OB improvements can be achieved by organizations formed by MFIs and Fin-Techs in collaboration with banks.Regulated technical service providers(TSPs)are crucial to building trust and customer adoption in OB.The European Banking Authority(EBA)may function as coordination body to design inclusive rules by engaging with OB stakeholders.As inclusive finance moves into open-finance and data eras,an increasing regulatory complexity and scope will require networks of innovative and trusted regulators.

Systematic review of dynamization vs exchange nailing for delayed/non-union femoral fractures

AIM To analyze the literature on efficacy of dynamamization vs exchange nailing in treatment of delayed and nonunion femur fractures.METHODS Ultimately, 31 peer-reviewed articles with 644 exchanged nailing patients and 131 dynamization patients were identified and analyzed. The following key words were inputted in different combinations in order to search the field of publications in its entirety: "nonunion", "delayed union", "ununited", "femur fracture", "femoral fracture", "exchange nailing", "dynaiz(s)ation", "secondary nailing", "dynamic", "static", and "nail revision". The initial search yielded over 150 results, and was refined based on the inclusion criteria: Only studies reporting on humans, non-unions and delayed unions, and the usage of exchange nailing and/or dynamization as a secondary treatment after failed IM nailing. The resulting 66 articles were obtained through online journal access. The results were filtered further based on the exclusion criteria: No articles that failed to report overall union rates, differentiate between success rates of their reported techniques, or articles that analyzed less than 5 patients. RESULTS Exchange nailing lead to fracture union in 84.785% of patients compared to the 66.412% of dynamization with statistically comparable durations until union(5.193 ± 2.310 mo and 4.769 ± 1.986 mo respectively). Dynamically locking exchange nails resulted in an average union time of 5.208 ± 2.475 mo compared to 5.149 ± 2.366 mo(P = 0.8682) in statically locked exchange nails. The overall union rate of the two procedures, statically and dynamically locked exchange nailing yielded union rates of 84.259% and 82.381% respectively. Therefore, there was no significant difference between the different locking methods of exchange nailing for union rate or time to union at a significance value of P < 0.05. The analysis showed exchange nailing to be the more successful choice in the treatment of femoral non-unions in respect to its higher success rate(491/567 EN, 24/57 dynam, P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference between the success rates of the two procedures for delayed union fractures(25/27 EN, 45/55 dynam, P = 0.3299). Nevertheless, dynamization was more efficient in the treatment of delayed unions(at rates comparable to exchange nailing) than in the treatment of non-unions.CONCLUSION In conclusion, after examination of factors, dynamization is recommended treatment of delayed femur fractures, while exchange nailing is the treatment of choice for non-unions.

Computer--Based Union Catalog System: Profitable Application of Minicomputer and Microcomputer

In this article, a new model of establishing flexible and utility bi-bliographic systems dependent on microcomputer or minicomputer is di-scussed and compared with the models of large systems and PC-basedsystems. A practical example based on this model, Union Catalog Systemof Serials in Western Languages, is used to show our solution for thedevelopment and utilization of the systems of this kind.

Representation of Polish Business Groups in the Institutional System of the European Union

This article is an attempt to present and explain the role played by the Polish business groups in the institutional system of the European Union （EU）.This article presents the forms of representing the interests of Polish business groups in the institutional system of the European Union.

Eurasian Economic Union＇s Effect on Global Politics and the World Economic System

The new Eurasian Economic Union （EEU） has now become a reality coming into effect today allowing free movement of trade, services and capital. Its treaty was signed on 29 May 2014 by the leaders of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia. EEU has an integrated single market of 176 million people and a gross domestic product （GDP） of over four trillion US Dollars. From the point view of Nye and Keohane＇s interdepence theory, this trade block formed under Moscow＇s leadership also begs the question, if the Soviet Union will also reunite and be re-established. Russia seems to look at it not just in economic terms, but as a way to expand Russian influence in the region. The biggest criticism of the union seems to be re-establishment of the crumbled Soviet Union. On the other hand Russia has wanted to launch talks with the newly born EEU despite the Ukraine Crisis. German Chancellor Angele Merkel has supported to establish a common economic space in the Eurasian Region including the focus countries of Eastern Partnership （an EU policy on closer ties with Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine）. A new Russia-led blocs as a better partner for the EU than the US could cause to deemphasize new Trans-Atlantic Treaty. Another point, the union is actively seeking to increase trade with East Asia. It commenced talks for official trade cooperation with Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN）. Therefore we can say that EEU includes strategic interests as well as economic interests for its members, especially for Russia. In order to link both Europe and East Asia, Russia seeks to develop its eastern regions to increase its access to Asian markets. Far East markets have become so important for Russia since the European Union and the United States imposed sanctions on Russia following crisis in Ukraine. In this article my aim is to analyze EEU effects on global politics and the World Economic System.

Analyze Obama’s State of the Union 2015——From the Perspective of Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar

The present study uses textual function of metafunction in Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar as the theoretical framework,focusing on Thematic structures of political discourses.This thesis moves on to analyze the State of the Union Address and its Chinese version from the perspective of a contrastive study,aiming to find out English-Chinese translation approaches.The study findings give rise to two implications for E-C translation in Obama’s Address For one thing,a thematic structure,without any change of word orders,can be directly translated into a SV pattern in a topic-comment structure.For another,it has to be restructured into non-SV patterns.It helps to apply the strategy in the target text of Obama’s State of the Union Address.

中国碳市场建设成效与展望(2024)

碳交易通过显性碳定价原则,将排放的负外部效应内部成本化,为处理经济发展与减排关系提供了一种解决方案。截至2023年,全球共28个碳交易体系投入运行,覆盖的温室气体排放量超过全球排放总量的17%,实施区域从发达国家逐步拓展至发展中国家,从欧洲、北美等地逐步拓展至拉美、东亚等地,更多的区域选择将碳市场减排目标与宏观减排目标绑定,并通过不断优化制度提高市场有效性,碳市场影响力逐步提高。2023年中国全国碳市场核算、核查、配额分配、数据管理、自愿减排等制度方法取得重要突破,全年配额成交2.12亿吨,是2022年的4.2倍,成交均价68.15元/吨,较2022年上涨23.24%,较第一个履约周期上涨59.04%。经过两个履约周期的建设,全国碳市场已形成要素完整的全流程制度框架,责任主体分工明确,支撑平台安全运转,碳排放数据质量大幅提高,碳价格发现机制初步形成,碳减排激励约束效果初显,推动碳市场成为中国实现“双碳”战略目标的重要政策工具。下一步全国碳市场将扩大行业覆盖范围,梯次纳入水泥、民航、电解铝、钢铁等行业;优化配额分配方法,适时引入有偿分配机制;调整履约机制,明确结余配额结转规定;出台多项中国核证自愿减排方法学,完善强制减排与自愿减排市场的衔接;加快推进与国际碳市场的连接,促进技术、方法、标准、数据互认互通,协助积极应对欧盟碳边境调节机制。

Research on the Regulatory Framework of Advanced Therapies in the European Union and the United States

Objective To study the regulatory framework of advanced therapies in the European Union and the United States,and to provide reference for the regulation of cell-and gene-based therapeutic products in China.Methods The legal and regulatory documents,annual reports,work information and related literature published on the websites of the FDA and European Medicines Agency(EMA)were reviewed to analyze the regulatory models of advanced therapies in the European Union and the United States.Results and Conclusion the United States and the European Union have carried out a lot of work in the classification standards of advanced therapies,policy formulation and accelerated listing procedures.Therefore,they have established a relatively mature regulatory system.China can learn from their experience and continuously improve the regulatory system to help the sustainable development of gene and cell therapy industry.

Research on the Interior Decoration Characteristics of Peking Union Medical College Phase I Project

Peking Union Medical College was founded in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.Since then,society and politics have been rapidly changing,and its architectural aesthetics reflect the idea of advocating the West and inheriting tradition.Through research and actual investigation,this paper summarizes the current status of its building from two aspects,interior decoration art and interior decoration technology,analyzes the interior decoration characteristics of Peking Union Medical College Phase I Project,and records the archives of Peking Union Medical College’s decoration technology.

中国整形美容专业医疗质量控制指标体系构建

目的建立中国整形美容专业医疗质量控制指标体系,为我国整形美容专业医疗质量控制工作奠定基础。方法2023年2月,整形美容专业国家级质控中心成立工作小组,以“结构⁃过程⁃结果”质控理论为指导,借鉴其他专业相关指标,通过查阅文献、会议讨论及整合质控专家意见,拟定整形美容专业医疗质量控制指标,并通过德尔菲专家函询的方式最终确立整形美容专业医疗质量控制指标体系。结果共实施两轮专家函询,问卷回收率均为100%,专家权威系数分别为0.854和0.857,第二轮函询一级指标的专家协调系数为0.387、二级指标的专家协调系数为0.425(P<0.01),最终确立包含3项一级指标和9项二级指标的整形美容专业医疗质量控制指标体系。结论本研究构建的中国整形美容专业医疗质量控制指标体系具有一定的科学性和合理性,为我国整形美容专业医疗质量控制工作提供了借鉴和参考,指标体系需在实践应用中进一步改进和完善。

欧盟金融数据治理:框架、重点与启示

加强金融数据治理,促进金融数据顺畅流动和高效使用,是经济高质量发展的内在要求。经过多年发展,欧盟积累了较为丰富的数据治理经验,并逐步建立起较为完善的数据治理体系。前期,欧盟强调个人数据保护;但在过去的3~4年,数字经济立法更加强调消除数据流动障碍,促进数据共享。目前,欧盟在数据权利界定、权利保护、跨境流动等方面已建立了较为完善的法律体系,并形成了从欧盟到成员国再到金融业最后到单一金融机构的统一性、垂直性和专业化的金融数据治理体系。我国可学习欧盟经验,加强对国家数字经济和数字金融发展的顶层设计,以法制建设为核心完善金融数据治理的长效机制,强化金融数据跨境安全流动机制,加强数据流动应用和价值挖掘,高质量发展数字市场和数字服务,提升数字金融的国际竞争力,推进金融强国建设。

碳边境调节机制下近零碳制造体系建设研究

在国家“双碳”战略目标、欧盟碳排放交易体系改革的双重驱动下,我国制造业实施节能、减污、降碳协同增效,尽快实现低碳和零碳转型,成为关注焦点和发展亟需。本文重点探讨了欧盟碳边境调节机制(CBAM)对我国制造业的影响,基于此梳理了近零碳制造体系的概念特征,从关键技术、计量基础、市场驱动力等主要维度出发,详细阐述了近零碳制造体系的核心内容。分别从产品制造、电力供应两方面,提炼了近零碳制造体系的技术发展方向,建议形成“源网荷”碳计量系统以细化碳排放责任;借鉴国外碳市场发展经验并分析我国碳市场发展格局,在理论层面探讨了未来我国碳市场构建路径以促进近零碳制造体系发展。提出的近零碳制造体系实践方案,可为深化“双碳”背景下我国制造业高质量发展、开展CBAM背景下我国制造业低碳转型建设研究提供先导性和基础性参考。

微机网上的分布式专家联合系统UNION(上)

本文描述微机网上的分布式专家联合系统UNION的设计思想、目标、体系结构和原理。UNION是继1985年陆汝钤提出分布式专家系统的概念及其设计思想之后于次年夏天开始组织实现的一个实验系统。目标机型是配有UNOS操作系统、PASCAL和C语言的MC68000微机,它们用Ethernet局部网联网。UNION目前已完成支撑系统Sup- port1和通信系统,其余部分正在实现中。UNION的工程实现由中国科学院数学研究所承担。

微机网上的分布式专家联合系统UNION(下)

本文描述微机网上的分布式专家联合系统UNION的实现方法和技术。UNION是继1985年陆汝钤提出分布或专家系统的概念及其设计思想之后于 次年夏天开始组织实现的一个实验系统。目标机型是配有UNOS操作系统、PASCAL和C语言的MC68000微机,它们用Ethernet局部网联网。UNION目前已完成支撑系统Support1和通信系统,其余部分正在实现中。UNION的工程实现由中国科学院数学研究所承担。

基于YOLOv8改进的脑癌检测算法

自动检测脑部肿瘤在磁共振成像中的位置是一个复杂、繁重的任务,需要耗费大量时间和资源。传统识别方案经常出现误解、遗漏和误导的情况,从而影响患者的治疗进度,对患者的生命安全产生影响。为了进一步提高鉴定的效果,引入了4项关键改进措施。首先,采用了高效的多尺度注意力EMA(Efficient Multi-scale Attention),这种方法既可以对全局信息进行编码,也可以对信息进行重新校准,同时通过并行的分支输出特征进行跨维度的交互,使信息进一步聚合。其次,引入了BiFPN(Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network)模块,并对其结构进行改进,以便缩短每一次检测所需要的时间,同时提升图像识别效果。然后采用MDPIoU损失函数和Mish激活函数进行改进,进一步提高检测的准确度。最后进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,改进的YOLOv8算法在脑癌检测中的精确率、召回率、平均精度均值均有提升,其中Precision提高了4.48%,Recall提高了2.64%,mAP@0.5提高了2.6%,mAP@0.5:0.9提高了7.0%。

风景园林设计的社会学属性--兼论Union Point公园的设计

风景园林设计的理念随着时代的变革而不断地演化,并趋于多样化。现代主义使得园林不再是贵族们隐居消闲的场所,而是作为一种社会基础设施进入公众的生活之中。后现代主义又使精英意识逐渐被平民情结所取代,公众参与的呼声日见高涨。以美国奥克兰市UnionPoint公园的设计过程为例,探讨了在后现代语境下风景园林设计的社会学属性,特别是"公众参与"的策略在公园设计过程中的应用和体现。同时结合国情,分析这种新的设计行为对我国风景园林设计师的借鉴意义。

终身学习如何有效回应数字能力的发展:欧盟全民终身数字能力学习体系的构建及启示

随着数字技术对于全球公民的学习、工作和生活的影响不断加深,应用数字技术以更好生活和有效发展的数字能力已成为公民终身学习的关键能力。这对于终身学习提出了新的要求,终身学习如何有效回应数字能力的发展成为数字时代终身学习体系改革的关键问题。研究基于这一问题脉络,以政策工具为视角,以权威工具、规劝工具、能力工具、学习工具与激励工具为分类,深入分析欧盟终身数字能力学习体系的构建政策,包括以法规形式规范全民数字参与权利;强调多元主体共同参与的行动承诺;开展全民性终身数字能力教育培训;构建灵活的数字能力认证评估工具;提供充足的资金、设施与平台支持。多种政策工具的有效采用及其科学组合能够为我国2035年数字能力发展目标的实现提供一定借鉴。

Age-related secretion of grancalcin by macrophages induces skeletal stem/progenitor cell senescence during fracture healing

Skeletal stem/progenitor cell(SSPC)senescence is a major cause of decreased bone regenerative potential with aging,but the causes of SSPC senescence remain unclear.In this study,we revealed that macrophages in calluses secrete prosenescent factors,including grancalcin(GCA),during aging,which triggers SSPC senescence and impairs fracture healing.Local injection of human rGCA in young mice induced SSPC senescence and delayed fracture repair.Genetic deletion of Gca in monocytes/macrophages was sufficient to rejuvenate fracture repair in aged mice and alleviate SSPC senescence.Mechanistically,GCA binds to the plexin-B2 receptor and activates Arg2-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction,resulting in cellular senescence.Depletion of Plxnb2 in SSPCs impaired fracture healing.Administration of GCA-neutralizing antibody enhanced fracture healing in aged mice.Thus,our study revealed that senescent macrophages within calluses secrete GCA to trigger SSPC secondary senescence,and GCA neutralization represents a promising therapy for nonunion or delayed union in elderly individuals.

欧盟数据治理政策法规体系研究

欧盟是数据保护的先行者和标杆,已在数据治理方面颁布并实施众多政策法规,形成较完善的数据治理政策法规体系。研究欧盟的数据治理政策法规,有助于推动我国建立完善的数据治理体系。通过对欧盟的数据治理政策、法规进行编码,从立法层、监管层、执行层3个层面对欧盟数据治理主体进行分析,从个人数据治理、公共数据治理、人工智能数据治理、企业数据治理、网络数据治理5个方面对欧盟数据治理客体进行分析,发现欧盟已经形成层层递进、相互协调配合的较为完善的数据治理政策法规体系:宏观层面整体谋划,引领数据治理发展;中观层面支撑保障,协调政策实施;微观层面详细说明,指导数据治理具体实践。因此,可借鉴欧盟数据治理之策,构建并完善我国数据治理体系。

Detection Algorithm of Laboratory Personnel Irregularities Based on Improved YOLOv7

Due to the complex environment of the university laboratory,personnel flow intensive,personnel irregular behavior is easy to cause security risks.Monitoring using mainstream detection algorithms suffers from low detection accuracy and slow speed.Therefore,the current management of personnel behavior mainly relies on institutional constraints,education and training,on-site supervision,etc.,which is time-consuming and ineffective.Given the above situation,this paper proposes an improved You Only Look Once version 7(YOLOv7)to achieve the purpose of quickly detecting irregular behaviors of laboratory personnel while ensuring high detection accuracy.First,to better capture the shape features of the target,deformable convolutional networks(DCN)is used in the backbone part of the model to replace the traditional convolution to improve the detection accuracy and speed.Second,to enhance the extraction of important features and suppress useless features,this paper proposes a new convolutional block attention module_efficient channel attention(CBAM_E)for embedding the neck network to improve the model’s ability to extract features from complex scenes.Finally,to reduce the influence of angle factor and bounding box regression accuracy,this paper proposes a newα-SCYLLA intersection over union(α-SIoU)instead of the complete intersection over union(CIoU),which improves the regression accuracy while increasing the convergence speed.Comparison experiments on public and homemade datasets show that the improved algorithm outperforms the original algorithm in all evaluation indexes,with an increase of 2.92%in the precision rate,4.14%in the recall rate,0.0356 in the weighted harmonic mean,3.60%in the mAP@0.5 value,and a reduction in the number of parameters and complexity.Compared with the mainstream algorithm,the improved algorithm has higher detection accuracy,faster convergence speed,and better actual recognition effect,indicating the effectiveness of the improved algorithm in this paper and its potential for practical application in laboratory scenarios.