Coordinated Controller Tuning of a Boiler Turbine Unit with New Binary Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Coordinated controller tuning of the boiler turbine unit is a challenging task due to the nonlinear and coupling characteristics of the system.In this paper,a new variant of binary particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm,called probability based binary PSO （PBPSO）,is presented to tune the parameters of a coordinated controller.The simulation results show that PBPSO can effectively optimize the control parameters and achieves better control performance than those based on standard discrete binary PSO,modified binary PSO,and standard continuous PSO.

Adaptive coordinated control of engine speed and battery charging voltage

In this paper, the control problem of auxiliary power unit （APU） for hybrid electric vehicles is investigated. An adaptive controller is provided to achieve the coordinated control between the engine speed and the battery charging voltage. The proposed adaptive coordinated control laws for the throttle angle of the engine and the voltage of the power-converter can guarantee not only the asymptotic tracking performance of the engine speed and the regulation of the battery charging voltage, but also the robust stability of the closed loop system under external load changes. Simulation results are given to verify the performance of the proposed adaptive controller.

Coordinated control strategy for a PV-storage grid-connected system based on a virtual synchronous generator

Due to the characteristics of intermittent photovoltaic power generation and power fluctuations in distributed photovoltaic power generation,photovoltaic grid-connected systems are usually equipped with energy storage units.Most of the structures combined with energy storage are used as the DC side.At the same time,virtual synchronous generators have been widely used in distributed power generation due to their inertial damping and frequency and voltage regulation.For the PV-storage grid-connected system based on virtual synchronous generators,the existing control strategy has unclear function allocation,fluctuations in photovoltaic inverter output power,and high requirements for coordinated control of PV arrays,energy storage units,and photovoltaic inverters,which make the control strategy more complicated.In order to solve the above problems,a control strategy for PV-storage grid-connected system based on a virtual synchronous generator is proposed.In this strategy,the energy storage unit implements maximum power point tracking,and the photovoltaic inverter implements a virtual synchronous generator algorithm,so that the functions implemented by each part of the system are clear,which reduces the requirements for coordinated control.At the same time,the smooth power command is used to suppress the fluctuation of the output power of the photovoltaic inverter.The simulation validates the effectiveness of the proposed method from three aspects:grid-connected operating conditions,frequency-modulated operating conditions,and illumination sudden-drop operating condition.Compared with the existing control strategies,the proposed method simplifies the control strategies and stabilizes the photovoltaic inverter fluctuation in the output power of the inverter.

CCS参与的火电机组一次调频能力试验研究

火电机组投入机炉协调方式运行后,数字电液控制系统(D EH)内部实现的一次调频功能被机组的协调控制系统(CCS)作为系统内扰很快克服,在电网发生事故,系统频率持续偏离时,无法达到电力系统一次调频的目的。提出利用CCS与DEH侧一次调频回路在调节特性与作用时序上的互补性,实现快速持久的一次调频。采用选取典型机组进行对比试验的方法,实施并完善了新的一次调频方案,验证了该方案使一次调频功能在保持快速性的同时,能在电网频率偏离的情况下持续作用,并使一次调频的能力得到加强。通过对典型机组现场试验的结果分析,确认新方案下机组的调节品质可满足运行的安全性要求。

珙县电厂2×600MW超临界机组CCS的分析与改进

针对珙县电厂600 MW超临界直流机组蓄热能力小、采用W型火焰炉等特点,在对机组运行特性及原协调控制系统(CCS)进行分析的基础上,对其进行了改进和优化,如:引入直接能力平衡信号,在稳态和变负荷情况下锅炉主控采用不同的前馈;充分利用机组蓄热;引入具有预测功能的预加煤控制技术等。现场实际应用表明,改进后的CCS不仅使机组运行更加稳定,而且有效地提高了机组的负荷响应能力,动态过程中负荷最大偏差为±3.0 MW,主汽压力最大偏差为±0.5 MPa。

Multi-model Predictive Control of Ultra-supercritical Coal-fired Power Unit

The control of ultra-supercritical(USC) power unit is a difficult issue for its characteristic of the nonlinearity, large dead time and coupling of the unit. In this paper, model predictive control(MPC) based on multi-model and double layered optimization is introduced for coordinated control of USC unit. The linear programming(LP) combined with quadratic programming(QP) is used in steady optimization for computation of the ideal value of dynamic optimization. Three inputs(i.e. valve opening, coal flow and feedwater flow) are employed to control three outputs(i.e. load, main steam temperature and main steam pressure). The step response models for the dynamic matrix control(DMC) are constructed using the three inputs and the three outputs. Piecewise models are built at selected operation points. Double-layered multi-model predictive controller is implemented in simulation with satisfactory performance.

CCS中应用模糊控制技术的方案设计

通过对锅炉汽压广义控制对象的动态特性的分析,提出了采用模糊控制的CCS控制方案和模糊控制规则,在协调控制系统的炉主控中引入模糊控制器,使炉跟机的运行方式成为稳定的运行方式,既利于快速过渡到协调运行方式又利于电网的一次调频,从而达到改善锅炉动态特性,改善调节品质的目的.

600MW机组CCS及AGC逻辑优化与应用

某发电公司装机为4×600MW亚临界燃煤发电机组,于2006-2008年相继投产,机组投产后AGC功能未经过调试和实际应用。现因机组在完成低氮燃烧器和脱硝系统改造及机组调峰调频并入河北省电网的调度管理,自动发电控制功能（AGC）和一次调频功能需要适应河北电监会＂两个细则＂的严格要求。机组的协调控制需要进行重新优化,使机组尽快响应调度的负荷变化要求,满足《火力发电厂模拟量控制在线验收测试规程》及其它相关规程规定的要求。

Control of Unit Power Factor PWM Rectifier

To solve the problem of harmonic pollution to the power grid that caused by traditional diode rectifier and phase controlled rectifier, the unit power factor PWM rectifier is designed. The topology structure of the rectifier circuit is introduced and the double closed-loop control strategy in three-phase stationary coordinate system is analyzed. For the deficiency of control strategy, the control strategy in two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system is proposed. This makes the independent control of active current and reactive current to be realized. The simulation model of the PWM rectifier is built and the effectiveness of the control method proposed in this paper is verified by simulation.

An Improved Torque Sensorless Speed Control Method for Electric Assisted Bicycle With Consideration of Coordinate Conversion

In this paper,we propose an improved torque sensorless speed control method for electric assisted bicycle,this method considers the coordinate conversion.A low-pass filter is designed in disturbance observer to estimate and compensate the variable disturbance during cycling.A DC motor provides assisted power driving,the assistance method is based on the realtime wheel angular velocity and coordinate system transformation.The effect of observer is proved,and the proposed method guarantees stability under disturbances.It is also compared to the existing methods and their performances are illustrated through simulations.The proposed method improves the performance both in rapidity and stability.

恒运6#机组CCS、AGC的改进及投运

根据广东省电力调度中心的有关要求,并结合恒运6#机组的实际情况,采取灵活的改进措施,新增AGC(Automatic Generation Control,自动发电控制)逻辑并对CCS(Coordinated Control System,协调控制系统)逻辑进行补充、修改、优化,经测试合格后,6#机组已投入AGC运行。该改进措施减轻了运行人员的劳动强度,提高了机组的安全性和经济性。

300MW机组CCS运行分析

电厂机组控制方式分为:锅炉跟踪控制方式、汽轮机跟踪方式、机组协调控制方式。机组协调控制(CCS)是以高度自动化为基础的控制形式,可以极大地减少运行人员的工作强度,提高机组的运行水平。以古交电厂一期2×300 MW机组运行实践为例,对大型机组的协调控制应用进行分析总结,为机组今后可靠运行提供一定的参考。

基于Blink的UCC控制系统仿真

计算机仿真支撑软件在先进的仿真支撑系统支持下,可以更大程度地提高仿真机运行的可靠性,缩短仿真机的开发时间和减少维护工作量。介绍了仿真支撑软件Blink的建模思想及特点,阐述了基于Blink的机组协调控制(UCC)的仿真方法及步骤,并进行了仿真调试,仿真效果良好。

PJM电力市场风险管控措施及对南方区域的建议

电力市场改革的深化对电网运行风险管控提出了新的要求。通过总结PJM(Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland)电力市场的风险管控策略,从两个方面分析其电力系统物理运行风险管控策略:包含长期、短期和实时的风险事故发生前措施,执行紧急中断与恢复的风险事故发生后措施;从日前的可靠性机组组合、与电能量市场联合优化的辅助服务市场、中长期的容量市场和输电权市场四个方面分析其基于电力市场的风险管控策略。并将其与南方电网现有风险管控措施相对比,提出了进行多时段风险评估、采取调度-市场相结合的管控风险手段、建设完备的市场体系、成立风险委员会等多方面建议。

适应大型燃煤机组全工况灵活性运行的快速变负荷控制策略

随着高比例可再生能源电网负荷波动问题的日益突出,提高大型燃煤机组在全工况下的快速变负荷能力已成为维护电力系统安全稳定运行的迫切需求。为此,提出了一种与高加旁路改造技术相结合的负荷快速调控策略以实现灵活性需求下的超临界机组全工况负荷快速爬坡。首先,为机组的高压回热系统增加一条高加小旁路灵活改变从汽轮机抽取的高温高压蒸汽量,以加快直流锅炉的能量供给速率;其次,充分考虑滑压运行模式下机炉可承受的主蒸汽压力、温度的上下限及变化速率,同时对输出功率与主蒸汽压力进行解耦并设计一套适应机组高爬坡速率的负荷快速调控方案;最后,在某燃煤600 MW机组上进行试验验证。研究结果表明,负荷爬坡速率3%Pe/min下机组能够实现全工况范围内的负荷快速响应,且主蒸汽压力、汽轮机总调节阀开度等参数保持平稳变化,并通过仿真验证了机组在负荷爬坡速率5%Pe/min下的负荷调节能力,充分证实了所设计负荷快速调控策略的有效性。

利用热网蓄能辅助供热机组调频的控制研究

随着如风电、太阳能等可再生能源的并网,使得火电机组需要进行深度调峰且快速响应调度指令。然而,传统的负荷调节控制方法难以使得机组应对调度指令的频繁变化。火电机组热网包含着大量的管道与热力设备,它们均具有很强的蓄热能力,合理利用其蓄热可在短时间内提升机组负荷响应速度。针对上述问题,对利用热网蓄能辅助供热机组负荷调节进行了研究,并设计了基于调度指令与负荷响应偏差的协调控制系统。仿真结果表明,所设计的协调控制系统能够提高机组负荷响应调度指令的能力,且保证供热压力的稳定。

基于Q学习的超超临界机组协调系统模型预测控制研究

超超临界机组具有多输入多输出、非线性严重、耦合强、时滞大的特点,其控制系统的设计要求是在保证系统稳定运行的同时,最大限度地提高机组的热效率和功率输出、快速准确地调节机组负荷、确保机组主蒸汽压力和温度在允许范围。通过调整系统模型以及阶段成本,进而获取最优策略。选取强化学习中的Q学习方法。将参数化模型预测控制作为Q学习中的一种新型函数逼近器,通过调整模型预测控制的参数来获取近似最优闭环控制策略以及最优的值函数。将该方法应用到1 GW超超临界锅炉汽轮机协调系统的控制中。在升负荷以及小范围升负荷变化情况下进行仿真。仿真结果表明,与传统模型预测控制方法对比,该方法可以在满足约束的情况下使系统输出值更加准确地到达设定值。

计及灵活经济环保运行的火电-飞轮储能系统容量配置与调频参数协同优化

提出了一种计及灵活经济环保运行的火储系统容量配置与调频参数协同优化方法。首先,设计了一种基于低通滤波自动分配火储功率和考虑储能荷电状态自恢复的火储联合一次调频协调控制策略;综合考虑系统调频性能、投入运行成本、污染物排放等,建立了火储容量配置与调频参数协同优化模型,并给出了基于粒子群算法的求解方法。最后,以某火储系统为例进行仿真验证。结果表明:协调控制策略和协同优化方法具有有效性。

深度调峰工况下超临界机组的干湿态转换策略研究

为寻求深度调峰工况下合适的干湿态转换方式,在2台超临界机组上,采用2种不同的干湿态转换策略,对协调控制方式下的干湿态转换及其对系统稳定性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:2种策略均能够实现协调方式下的干湿态转换,可以通过转态进行进一步的深调工作;通过煤、水协同控制或给水流量控制均可实现干湿态转换,但水煤比变化情况不同;干转湿过程中,受到2种策略的影响,系统稳定性(主汽温度、主汽压力)区别明显;在湿转干过程中,2种策略下的系统都表现出良好的稳定性。

飞轮储能阵列系统协调控制方法综述

因受材料、成本和技术等因素制约,提高单个飞轮储能装置的容量较为困难,难以满足长时间大功率的需求。对此提出使用飞轮阵列来提高飞轮系统的总储能容量,进而降低装置的研发和生产成本。对于飞轮阵列储能系统,研究各储能单元协调控制、相互配合的控制策略是实现阵列高效、安全运行的解决方案。从飞轮储能阵列系统拓扑结构、协调控制策略及协调控制算法进行全面的综述。从飞轮储能阵列不同并网拓扑结构出发,探讨了适用于直流母线并联和交流母线并联对应的功率分配控制策略;随后以飞轮储能阵列并行接入电网为切入点,分别对集中式、主从式与分布式协调控制算法进行比较研究和归纳总结,重点评述了分布式一致性算法优势,并在此基础上进一步总结基于智能算法高效率求解的功率分配控制策略。最后,指出了飞轮储能阵列系统并网运行协调控制面临的挑战。