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Floquet spectrum and universal dynamics of a periodically driven two-atom system
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作者 谢文柱 周正强 +2 位作者 李轩 崔思淼 孙明远 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期436-443,共8页
We investigate the Floquet spectrum and excitation properties of a two-ultracold-atom system with periodically driven interaction in a three-dimensional harmonic trap.The interaction between the atoms is changed by va... We investigate the Floquet spectrum and excitation properties of a two-ultracold-atom system with periodically driven interaction in a three-dimensional harmonic trap.The interaction between the atoms is changed by varying the s-wave scattering length in two ways,the cosine and the square-wave modulations.It is found that as the driving frequency increases,the Floquet spectrum exhibits two main features for both modulations,the accumulating and the spreading of the quasienergy levels,which further lead to different dynamical behaviors.The accumulation is associated with collective excitations and the persistent growth of the energy,while the spread indicates that the energy is bounded at all times.The initial scattering length,the driving frequency and amplitude can all significantly change the Floquet spectrum as well as the dynamics.However,the corresponding relation between them is valid universally.Finally,we propose a mechanism for selectively exciting the system to one specific state by using the avoided crossing of two quasienergy levels,which could guide preparation of a desired state in experiments. 展开更多
关键词 Floquet spectrum universal dynamics two-atom system avoided crossing
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Information Conductivity:Universal Performance Measure for Semantic Communications
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作者 Liang Zijian Niu Kai Zhang Ping 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第7期17-36,共20页
As a novel paradigm,semantic communication provides an effective solution for breaking through the future development dilemma of classical communication systems.However,it remains an unsolved problem of how to measure... As a novel paradigm,semantic communication provides an effective solution for breaking through the future development dilemma of classical communication systems.However,it remains an unsolved problem of how to measure the information transmission capability for a given semantic communication method and subsequently compare it with the classical communication method.In this paper,we first present a review of the semantic communication system,including its system model and the two typical coding and transmission methods for its implementations.To address the unsolved issue of the information transmission capability measure for semantic communication methods,we propose a new universal performance measure called Information Conductivity.We provide the definition and the physical significance to state its effectiveness in representing the information transmission capabilities of the semantic communication systems and present elaborations including its measure methods,degrees of freedom,and progressive analysis.Experimental results in image transmission scenarios validate its practical applicability. 展开更多
关键词 information conductivity information transmission capability semantic communications system model universal performance measure
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Enhanced Temporal Correlation for Universal Lesion Detection
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作者 Muwei Jian Yue Jin Hui Yu 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第3期3051-3063,共13页
Universal lesion detection(ULD)methods for computed tomography(CT)images play a vital role in the modern clinical medicine and intelligent automation.It is well known that single 2D CT slices lack spatial-temporal cha... Universal lesion detection(ULD)methods for computed tomography(CT)images play a vital role in the modern clinical medicine and intelligent automation.It is well known that single 2D CT slices lack spatial-temporal characteristics and contextual information compared to 3D CT blocks.However,3D CT blocks necessitate significantly higher hardware resources during the learning phase.Therefore,efficiently exploiting temporal correlation and spatial-temporal features of 2D CT slices is crucial for ULD tasks.In this paper,we propose a ULD network with the enhanced temporal correlation for this purpose,named TCE-Net.The designed TCE module is applied to enrich the discriminate feature representation of multiple sequential CT slices.Besides,we employ multi-scale feature maps to facilitate the localization and detection of lesions in various sizes.Extensive experiments are conducted on the DeepLesion benchmark demonstrate that thismethod achieves 66.84%and 78.18%for FS@0.5 and FS@1.0,respectively,outperforming compared state-of-the-art methods. 展开更多
关键词 universal lesion detection computational biology medical computing deep learning enhanced temporal correlation
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Extensive numerical simulations on competitive growth between the Edwards–Wilkinson and Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality classes
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作者 余成志 刘潇 +1 位作者 唐军 夏辉 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期298-307,共10页
Extensive numerical simulations and scaling analysis are performed to investigate competitive growth between the linear and nonlinear stochastic dynamic growth systems, which belong to the Edwards–Wilkinson(EW) and K... Extensive numerical simulations and scaling analysis are performed to investigate competitive growth between the linear and nonlinear stochastic dynamic growth systems, which belong to the Edwards–Wilkinson(EW) and Kardar–Parisi–Zhang(KPZ) universality classes, respectively. The linear growth systems include the EW equation and the model of random deposition with surface relaxation(RDSR), the nonlinear growth systems involve the KPZ equation and typical discrete models including ballistic deposition(BD), etching, and restricted solid on solid(RSOS). The scaling exponents are obtained in both the(1 + 1)-and(2 + 1)-dimensional competitive growth with the nonlinear growth probability p and the linear proportion 1-p. Our results show that, when p changes from 0 to 1, there exist non-trivial crossover effects from EW to KPZ universality classes based on different competitive growth rules. Furthermore, the growth rate and the porosity are also estimated within various linear and nonlinear growths of cooperation and competition. 展开更多
关键词 competitive growth scaling behavior discrete growth model Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality class
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Interest of Non-Invasive Markers (APRI, FIB-4) for Assessing Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis B without Cytolysis and with Low Viral Replication
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作者 Mamadou Diakité Kouassi Olivier Claver Koffi +4 位作者 Amadou Koné Akoun Fabrice Aké Oury Diallo Ahmadou Stellart Jean M. Brou Anassi Jean-Baptiste Okon 《Open Journal of Gastroenterology》 CAS 2024年第5期192-201,共10页
Background and Objectives: The indication for treatment in HBsAg-positive patients with low viral load and normal transaminases requires an assessment of fibrosis. In resource-limited settings, free hepatic fibrosis e... Background and Objectives: The indication for treatment in HBsAg-positive patients with low viral load and normal transaminases requires an assessment of fibrosis. In resource-limited settings, free hepatic fibrosis evaluation tests can aid in therapeutic decision-making. Our study aims to demonstrate the utility of assessing hepatic fibrosis using non-invasive markers (APRI and FIB-4) in patients with chronic B viral hepatitis without cytolytic activity and low viral replication in our context. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted between January 2018 and December 2021 at the University Hospital Center of Bouaké. Included were all patients aged ≥18 with normal transaminases (Results: Our study included 241 patients, with a mean age of 36.19 years (±10.52 years) and a male predominance of 52%. The mean FibroScan<sup>®</sup> value was 6.44 ± 2.3 kPa, and 68 patients (28.22%) had fibrosis >7 kPa. To exclude significant fibrosis (FS Conclusion: A significant proportion of HBV-infected patients with normal ALT and low viral load have active liver disease. Both FIB-4 and APRI biological scores are useful in identifying individuals without significant fibrosis with a good negative predictive value (>50%). 展开更多
关键词 HBV Infection APRI FIB-4 Impulse Elastography BouakéUniversity Hospital
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Evaluating the Impact of the Universal Test and Treat Strategy on the Survival of Patients in the Northwest Region of Cameroon
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作者 Emmanuel Mboh Nshom Bereynuy Jude Cholong +9 位作者 Kum Kang Walter Khan Eveline Mboh Keng Vitalis Noela F. Ijang Gwendoline Nkenu Nsom Mirabel Mbueh Vifeme Esther Bonje Kuni Monju Johnson Vishi Gladys Enih Fosah Pius Muffih Tih 《World Journal of AIDS》 2024年第3期45-60,共16页
Introduction: The main outcome of efficiently implemented universal test and treat (UTT) program is improved survival. UTT implementation has been ongoing in Cameroon since 2016 but evaluation data are scarce. This st... Introduction: The main outcome of efficiently implemented universal test and treat (UTT) program is improved survival. UTT implementation has been ongoing in Cameroon since 2016 but evaluation data are scarce. This study aims to assess the survival of antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients initiated under UTT in Northwest region of Cameroon. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included HIV-positive patients initiated in 2016 at 27 purposefully selected sites and followed until 2021. Data was anonymously abstracted from ART registers and patients’ charts. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox model were used to compare the survival of patients initiated under UTT with those initiated otherwise, using stata version 14.0. Results: In total, 2490 HIV-positive patients (median age 42.7 years, 94.7% adults, and 69.0% female) participated in the study. Of 1389 patients with viral load (VL) test results, 55% were initiated on ART late. The VL suppression rate of patients initiated late and those initiated early were similar. During follow-up, 1020 (40.9%) participants censored. The survival curves of patients initiated early on ART and those initiated late were similar during the first 2.5 years of follow-up but significantly (p Conclusions: This study confirms the expected impact of UTT. Programs only need to close existing implementation gaps along the critical pathways (diagnosis and treatment) of UTT, focusing more on males. 展开更多
关键词 universal Test and Treat Viral Load SURVIVAL NORTHWEST Cameroon
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An In-depth Interpretation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights With the Common Values of Humanity As the Research Paradigm
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作者 ZHANG Wenxian 《The Journal of Human Rights》 2024年第3期495-508,共14页
Interpreting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from political,juridical and philosophical perspectives is es-sential for promoting the guiding principles of the Declaration,build-ing consensus on human rights,... Interpreting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from political,juridical and philosophical perspectives is es-sential for promoting the guiding principles of the Declaration,build-ing consensus on human rights,and advancing human rights practice in the new historical context.To conduct an academic,systematic in-terpretation of the Declaration that conforms to the trends of the times and answers the fundamental questions of the world,it is necessary to find a new research paradigm.The common values of humanity,namely peace,development,equity,justice,democracy and freedom,put forward by Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,provide the most explanatory and penetrating scientific paradigm for reaching the issue.This paper an-alyzes and reflects on the views,value foundation and principled(con-tractual)consensus of human rights in the Declaration,and narrates and foresees the far-reaching significance of the three global initia-tives(namely,the Global Development Initiative,the Global Security Initiative,and the Global Civilization Initiative)with the common val-ues of humanity as the soul in advancing the modernization of global human rights governance and building a new form of human rights civilization. 展开更多
关键词 common values of humanity paradigm based on the common values of humanity universal Declaration of Human Rights views of human rights three global initiatives
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Sci-tech Simultaneous Interpreter Education Based on Translation Universals Research
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作者 JI Mengqi JI Xiaowen 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2024年第9期443-448,共6页
The rapid evolution of scientific and technological advancements and industrial changes has profoundly interconnected countries and regions in the digital information era,creating a globalized environment where effect... The rapid evolution of scientific and technological advancements and industrial changes has profoundly interconnected countries and regions in the digital information era,creating a globalized environment where effective communication is paramount.Consequently,the demand for proficient interpreting skills within the scientific and technology sectors has surged,making effective language communication increasingly crucial.This paper explores the potential impact of translation universals on enhancing sci-tech simultaneous interpreter education.By examining the selection of teaching materials,methods,and activities through the lens of translation universals,this study aims to improve the quality of teaching content,innovate instructional approaches,and ultimately,enhance the effectiveness of interpreter education.The findings of this research are expected to provide valuable insights for curriculum development and pedagogical strategies in interpreter education. 展开更多
关键词 simultaneous interpreting translation universals interpreter education sci-tech interpreting
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From the Subjectivity of Human Rights to the Universality of Human Rights——A Preliminary Interpretation of the Theory on the Subjectivity of Human Rights
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作者 HUANG Jinrong 《The Journal of Human Rights》 2024年第3期709-733,共25页
Universality is one of the essential characteristics of human rights, but there is a substantive difference between idealism and realism in understanding the concept of universality of human rights. The concepts of ra... Universality is one of the essential characteristics of human rights, but there is a substantive difference between idealism and realism in understanding the concept of universality of human rights. The concepts of radical universality and strong universality based on the concept of natural human rights are too idealistic and thus have a high risk of being alienated into a tool of international re-pression in practice. On the contrary, the theory on the subjectivity of human rights can effectively defuse this risk brought about by radical universality and strong universality. Advocating a transition from the universality of human rights to the subjectivity of human rights not only keeps in line with the actual construction process of international human rights, but can also effectively interpret the practical difficul-ties in the realization process of international human rights. Therefore, it can be used as another alternative theory on human rights beyond the theory of natural human rights. 展开更多
关键词 human rights universalITY SUBJECTIVITY concept of natural human rights
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Revisiting the Spirit of the UDHR and Discussing Human Rights Development——Summary of Views from the Seminar Commemorating the 75th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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作者 刘炫麟 LI Donglin 《The Journal of Human Rights》 2024年第1期231-241,共11页
On December 4,2023,the China Society for Human Rights Studies hosted a seminar in Beijing commemorating the 75^(th) Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Participants discussed topics such as the si... On December 4,2023,the China Society for Human Rights Studies hosted a seminar in Beijing commemorating the 75^(th) Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Participants discussed topics such as the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,China’s theories and practices in respecting and safeguarding human rights,the three global initiatives and global human rights governance,human rights protection in the digital age,and telling Chinese stories of human rights in the new era.The discussions led to a broad consensus and achieved positive results. 展开更多
关键词 The universal Declaration of Human Rights a community with a shared future for mankind the rule of law protection global human rights governance contemporary Chinese perspective on human rights
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Development and Optimization of Universal Bone Conduction Hearing Spectacles
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作者 Johannes Burkart Mona Kirstin Fehling +2 位作者 Saadu Adamu Raúl Pérez Ramos Daniel Häussler 《International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery》 2024年第5期344-358,共15页
Background: Non-implantable bone anchored hearing devices (BCHDs) are utilized for patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss who are unsuitable for conventional hearing aids or have unresolved middle ear issues. ... Background: Non-implantable bone anchored hearing devices (BCHDs) are utilized for patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss who are unsuitable for conventional hearing aids or have unresolved middle ear issues. These devices can be surgically implanted or attached using adhesive plates, dental sticks, elastic headbands, or bone conduction spectacles. Optimal fitting of bone conduction spectacles requires appropriate frame selection and contact pressure in the temporal and mastoid areas. The ANSI S3.6 and DIN EN ISO 389-3 standards recommend a contact area of approximately 1.75 cm2 and a maximum force of 5.4 N for effective sound transmission and comfort. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the technical fit and mechanical stability of universal bone conduction hearing spectacles compared to established systems. A Sen-Pressure 02 thin-film sensor connected to an Arduino Uno R3 board measured contact force in the temporal and mastoid areas. Several BCHDs were tested, including the Bruckhoff la belle BC D50/70, Radioear B71 headset, Radioear B71 elastic headband, Cochlear Baha SoundArc M, and Cochlear Baha elastic headband, on a PVC artificial head, with data analyzed using ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. Results: The la belle BC D50/70 spectacles showed comparable contact force to established BCHDs, ensuring adequate sound transmission and comfort. Significant differences were observed between the systems, with the Radioear B71 headset exhibiting the highest forces. The la belle BC D50/70 had similar forces to the Radioear B71 elastic headband. Conclusion: The la belle BC D50/70 universal bone conduction hearing spectacles are a technically equivalent alternative to established BCHDs, maintaining pressure below 5.4 N. Future research should explore the impact of different contact forces on performance and comfort, and the integration of force control in modified spectacles. This study indicates that the la belle BC D50/70 is a viable alternative that meets audiological practice requirements. 展开更多
关键词 Bone Conduction Hearing Devices (BCHD) universal Bone Conduction Hearing Spec-Tacles Non-Implantable Hearing Aids Contact Pressure Optimization
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Introducing a 2nd Universal Space-Time Constant Can Explain the Observed Age of the Universe and Dark Energy
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作者 Herman A. van Hoeve 《World Journal of Mechanics》 2024年第2期9-22,共14页
The purpose of this paper is to introduce new theoretical concepts as opposed to accepting the existence of dark entities, such as dark energy. This research sought to introduce a 2<sup>nd</sup> universal ... The purpose of this paper is to introduce new theoretical concepts as opposed to accepting the existence of dark entities, such as dark energy. This research sought to introduce a 2<sup>nd</sup> universal space-time constant, besides having a finite speed constant (speed of light in vacuum c). A finite universal age constant b is introduced. Namely, this paper shows that the changes in the Earth’s anomalistic year duration over time support the hypothesis of the age of the universe correlating with a maximum number of orbital revolutions constant. Neglecting the gravitational influence of other cosmological entities in the proximity of the Earth, the constant maximum number of revolutions is herewith determined solely by the Earth’s orbital revolutions around the Sun. The value of the universal age constant b is calculated to be around 13.8 billion orbital revolutions, derived out of an equation related to the changes in the Earth’s anomalistic year duration over time and the so-called Hubble tension. The above-mentioned calculated value b correlates well with the best fit to measured data of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) by the Planck spacecraft, the age of the observed universe is measured to be approximately 13.787 ± 0.020 billion years (2018 final data release). Developing a theory with this 2<sup>nd</sup> universal space-time constant b, being covariant with respect to the Lorentz transformations when time spans are large, gives results such as: A confirmation of the measured CMBR value of 13.787 ± 0.020 billion years. Correlating well with the observed expansion rate of the universe (dark energy). The universe’s expansion accelerating over the last four to five billion years. 展开更多
关键词 Anomalistic Year Orbital Revolution Hubble Tension Age of the Universe Cosmological Constant Dark Energy Cosmic Microwave Background
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Facing challenges with hope:universal immune cells for hematologic malignancies 被引量:3
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作者 Yuqing Wang Ruihao Huang +3 位作者 Zheng Wang Jingkang Xiong Xiaoqi Wang Xi Zhang 《Cancer Biology & Medicine》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第4期229-247,共19页
Many patients have achieved a favorable overall survival rate since allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)has been widely implemented to treat hematologic malignancies.However,graft-versus-host d... Many patients have achieved a favorable overall survival rate since allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)has been widely implemented to treat hematologic malignancies.However,graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)and complications of immunosuppressive drugs after allo-HSCT are the main causes of non-relapse mortality and a poor quality of life.In addition,GVHD and infusion-induced toxicity still occur with donor lymphocyte infusions(DLIs)and chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T-cell therapy.Because of the special immune tolerance characteristics and anti-tumor ability of universal immune cells,universal immune cell therapy may strongly reduce GVHD,while simultaneously reducing tumor burden.Nevertheless,widespread application of universal immune cell therapy is mainly restricted by poor expansion and persistence efficacy.Many strategies have been applied to improve universal immune cell proliferation and persistence efficacy,including the use of universal cell lines,signaling regulation and CAR technology.In this review we have summarized current advances in universal immune cell therapy for hematologic malignancies with a discussion of future perspectives. 展开更多
关键词 universal immune cells graft-versus-host disease immune tolerance chimeric antigen receptor
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Estimation of fracture size and azimuth in the universal elliptical disc model based on trace information 被引量:3
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作者 Jichao Guo Jun Zheng +1 位作者 Qing Lü Jianhui Deng 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第6期1391-1405,共15页
The geometric characteristics of fractures within a rock mass can be inferred by the data sampling from boreholes or exposed surfaces.Recently,the universal elliptical disc(UED)model was developed to represent natural... The geometric characteristics of fractures within a rock mass can be inferred by the data sampling from boreholes or exposed surfaces.Recently,the universal elliptical disc(UED)model was developed to represent natural fractures,where the fracture is assumed to be an elliptical disc and the fracture orientation,rotation angle,length of the long axis and ratio of short-long axis lengths are considered as variables.This paper aims to estimate the fracture size-and azimuth-related parameters in the UED model based on the trace information from sampling windows.The stereological relationship between the trace length,size-and azimuth-related parameters of the UED model was established,and the formulae of the mean value and standard deviation of trace length were proposed.The proposed formulae were validated via the Monte Carlo simulations with less than 5%of error rate between the calculated and true values.With respect to the estimation of the size-and azimuth-related parameters using the trace length,an optimization method was developed based on the pre-assumed size and azimuth distribution forms.A hypothetical case study was designed to illustrate and verify the parameter estimation method,where three combinations of the sampling windows were used to estimate the parameters,and the results showed that the estimated values could agree well with the true values.Furthermore,a hypothetical three-dimensional(3D)elliptical fracture network was constructed,and the circular disc,non-UED and UED models were used to represent it.The simulated trace information from different models was compared,and the results clearly illustrated the superiority of the proposed UED model over the existing circular disc and non-UED models。 展开更多
关键词 universal elliptical disc(UED)model Rock mass Discrete fracture network(DFN) Optimization algorithm Inverse problem
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角膜横径和晶状体厚度在Barrett UniversalⅡ人工晶状体计算公式中的应用价值
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作者 张彧 刘杰为 +1 位作者 刘文洁 柴飞燕 《眼科学报》 CAS 2023年第12期822-836,共15页
目的:探讨运用Barrett UniversalⅡ公式(BUⅡ公式)计算人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)屈光力时,可选参数角膜横径,又称白到白(white-to-white,WTW)与晶状体厚度(lens thickness,LT)的实际应用价值。方法:采用单中心、前瞻性临床研究... 目的:探讨运用Barrett UniversalⅡ公式(BUⅡ公式)计算人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)屈光力时,可选参数角膜横径,又称白到白(white-to-white,WTW)与晶状体厚度(lens thickness,LT)的实际应用价值。方法:采用单中心、前瞻性临床研究,连续纳入同一术者顺利进行白内障超声乳化吸除术联合MX60(IOL植入术患眼279眼,术前使用OA-2000非接触式光学生物测量仪测量眼部数据并计算IOL植入度数,代入BUⅡ公式保留或去掉可选参数WTW、LT计算预测结果,进一步根据患者眼轴长度(axial length,AL)分亚组分析。主要结局指标:随访患者至术后1个月以上,比较使用和未使用WTW和LT两个参数、BUⅡ公式预测误差(prediction error,PE)、绝对预测误差(absolute error,AE)、AE小于0.5 D所占比例。结果:总体1上,忽略WTW+LT,PE为-0.05 D(-0.26,0.18)(P=0.011),其他参数组合的PE与0比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各参数组合的AE比较差异无统计学意义(0.22~0.23 D,P=0.404)。同时忽略WTW+LT时AE出现最大值(+1.5 D)。应用WTW+LT、忽略WTW+LT、忽略WTW和忽略LT时纳入患者AE≤0.50 D的比例分别为80.65%、79.57%、80.65%和81.36%。在各眼轴亚组中,忽略LT时,AE≤0.50 D的百分比在短眼轴亚组(80.00%vs.66.67%~73.33%)与长眼轴亚组(77.78%vs.73.33%~75.56%)中较高。在中等眼轴亚组中,AE≤0.50 D百分比代入全部参数时略高(83.11%vs.80.82%~82.19%),忽略WTW+LT计算时稍低(80.82%)。结论:使用BUⅡ计算IOL屈光力时,可选参数WTW和LT无论是否代入公式中,皆可得到相近的平均预测水平;但是,同时忽略WTW和LT可能出现较大预测误差。对于22mm≤AL<26mm眼,推荐代入全部参数计算;当AL≤22mm或AL≥26mm,仅输入WTW的计算方法累积精确度更高,可优先采用。 展开更多
关键词 人工晶状体计算公式 Barrett universalⅡ公式 白内障手术 准确性 眼轴长度
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Demystifying the Salt‑Induced Li Loss:A Universal Procedure for the Electrolyte Design of Lithium‑Metal Batteries
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作者 Zhenglu Zhu Xiaohui Li +8 位作者 Xiaoqun Qi Jie Ji Yongsheng Ji Ruining Jiang Chaofan Liang Dan Yang Ze Yang Long Qie Yunhui Huang 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第12期310-319,共10页
Lithium(Li)metal electrodes show significantly different reversibility in the electrolytes with different salts.However,the understanding on how the salts impact on the Li loss remains unclear.Herein,using the electro... Lithium(Li)metal electrodes show significantly different reversibility in the electrolytes with different salts.However,the understanding on how the salts impact on the Li loss remains unclear.Herein,using the electrolytes with different salts(e.g.,lithium hexafluorophosphate(LiPF_(6)),lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate(LiDFOB),and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide(LiFSI))as examples,we decouple the irreversible Li loss(SEI Li^(+)and“dead”Li)during cycling.It is found that the accumulation of both SEI Li^(+)and“dead”Li may be responsible to the irreversible Li loss for the Li metal in the electrolyte with LiPF_(6)salt.While for the electrolytes with LiDFOB and LiFSI salts,the accumulation of“dead”Li predominates the Li loss.We also demonstrate that lithium nitrate and fluoroethylene carbonate additives could,respectively,function as the“dead”Li and SEI Li^(+)inhibitors.Inspired by the above understandings,we propose a universal procedure for the electrolyte design of Li metal batteries(LMBs):(i)decouple and find the main reason for the irreversible Li loss;(ii)add the corresponding electrolyte additive.With such a Li-loss-targeted strategy,the Li reversibility was significantly enhanced in the electrolytes with 1,2-dimethoxyethane,triethyl phosphate,and tetrahydrofuran solvents.Our strategy may broaden the scope of electrolyte design toward practical LMBs. 展开更多
关键词 Li loss universal guideline Electrolyte design Li reversibility
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A universal charge-compensating strategy for high-energy-density pseudocapacitors
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作者 Baoyi Yin Jiaqi Zhang +5 位作者 Yuanhui Su Yu Huan Liang Hao Chen Wang Xun Hu Tao Wei 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第3期333-339,I0010,共8页
For pseudocapacitive electrode materials(PseEMs),despite much progress having been made in achieving both high power density and high energy density,a general strategy to guide the enhancement of intrinsic capacitive ... For pseudocapacitive electrode materials(PseEMs),despite much progress having been made in achieving both high power density and high energy density,a general strategy to guide the enhancement of intrinsic capacitive properties of PseEMs remains lacking.Here,we demonstrate a universal chargecompensating strategy to improve the charge-storage capability of PseEMs intrinsically:ⅰ) in the electrolyte with anion as charge carriers(such as OH-),reducing the multivalent cations of PseEMs into lower valences could create more reversible low-to-high valence redox cou ples to promote the intercalation of the anions;ⅱ) in the electrolytes with cation as charge carriers(such as H^(+),Li^(+),Na^(+)),oxidizing the multivalent cations of PseEMs into higher valences could introduce more reversible high-to-low valence redox couples to promote the intercalation of the cations.And we demonstrated that the improved intrinsic charge-storage capability for PseEMs originates from the increased Faradaic charge storage sites. 展开更多
关键词 Supercapacitors universal charge-compensating strategy Changed valence state Increased Faradaic charge storage sites
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A Universal Activation Function for Deep Learning
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作者 Seung-Yeon Hwang Jeong-Joon Kim 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2023年第5期3553-3569,共17页
Recently,deep learning has achieved remarkable results in fields that require human cognitive ability,learning ability,and reasoning ability.Activation functions are very important because they provide the ability of ... Recently,deep learning has achieved remarkable results in fields that require human cognitive ability,learning ability,and reasoning ability.Activation functions are very important because they provide the ability of artificial neural networks to learn complex patterns through nonlinearity.Various activation functions are being studied to solve problems such as vanishing gradients and dying nodes that may occur in the deep learning process.However,it takes a lot of time and effort for researchers to use the existing activation function in their research.Therefore,in this paper,we propose a universal activation function(UA)so that researchers can easily create and apply various activation functions and improve the performance of neural networks.UA can generate new types of activation functions as well as functions like traditional activation functions by properly adjusting three hyperparameters.The famous Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and benchmark datasetwere used to evaluate the experimental performance of the UA proposed in this study.We compared the performance of the artificial neural network to which the traditional activation function is applied and the artificial neural network to which theUA is applied.In addition,we evaluated the performance of the new activation function generated by adjusting the hyperparameters of theUA.The experimental performance evaluation results showed that the classification performance of CNNs improved by up to 5%through the UA,although most of them showed similar performance to the traditional activation function. 展开更多
关键词 Deep learning activation function convolutional neural network benchmark datasets universal activation function
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Universal Health Coverage in Somalia: Charting the Path to Equitable Healthcare Financing and Governance
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作者 Abdirazak Yusuf Ahmed Fawziya Abikar Nor +1 位作者 Mustafa Yusuf Ahmed Marian Muse Osman 《Health》 2023年第11期1298-1317,共20页
Somalia is a country facing numerous challenges in achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and ensuring adequate healthcare financing, This article explores the complexities and obstacles that Somalia must overcome ... Somalia is a country facing numerous challenges in achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and ensuring adequate healthcare financing, This article explores the complexities and obstacles that Somalia must overcome in its pursuit of UHC, the paper begins by providing an overview of the current healthcare landscape in Somalia, highlighting the lack of infrastructure, political instability, and limited financial resources that hinder the establishment of a comprehensive and equitable healthcare system. It then examines the role of international aid and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in filling the healthcare gap, while emphasizing the need for a more sustainable, domestically financed solution. Drawing on a range of data sources and case studies, the article proposes a multi-faceted approach to strengthen healthcare governance, improve resource allocation, and foster local capacity building, the study delves into the unique obstacles that Somalia faces, including a lack of infrastructure, political instability, and limited financial resources, which hinder the establishment of a comprehensive and equitable healthcare system. The paper also examines the role of international aid and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in filling the healthcare gap, while highlighting the need for a more sustainable, domestically financed solution. The findings underscore the importance of political commitment, international cooperation, and innovative financing mechanisms in advancing towards UHC in Somalia, providing valuable insights for other low resource, conflict affected settings. 展开更多
关键词 universal Health Coverage Health Governance Health Finance Equitable Health Access
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Part II: Explaining Black Hole Growth due to Universal Expansion: Probabilistic Spacetime versus GEODEs
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作者 Dennis M. Doren James Harasymiw 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2023年第2期530-541,共12页
Recent research indicates that black holes can grow based on the expansion of the universe and not just through accretion and mergers. Two different models independently predicted that finding. One model, describing t... Recent research indicates that black holes can grow based on the expansion of the universe and not just through accretion and mergers. Two different models independently predicted that finding. One model, describing the relevant massive star remnants as “generic objects of dark energy”, rejects the traditional view of black holes while hypothesizing that dark energy causes the cosmologically coupled growth of these objects. The other model, based on the probabilistic spacetime theory, indicates the growth of black holes is based on the same spacetime mechanism underlying all universal expansion, and does so while leaving the traditional black hole conceptualization essentially intact. The fact these two models predicted this observational finding but did so from different perspectives suggests more can be learned by further study of their differences. This paper explores similarities and differences in the two models’ explanations for massive star remnants’ growth, concluding with suggestions for research testing their relative veracity. An exploration of the relative utility and parsimony of the two models is also described. 展开更多
关键词 Probabilistic Spacetime GEODE Cosmological Coupling universal Expansion Black Holes
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