This paper outlines effective methods for selecting and breeding maize varieties,with a focus on early and late hybridization,superior line re-selection,multi-part selection,and other techniques.The goal is to facilit...This paper outlines effective methods for selecting and breeding maize varieties,with a focus on early and late hybridization,superior line re-selection,multi-part selection,and other techniques.The goal is to facilitate the innovation of northern spring-sown maize germplasm resources,the selection and breeding of new varieties,thereby contributing to food security in China.展开更多
Results The population had large variations for lint yield,fibre properties,predicted yarn properties,and composite fibre quality values.Lint yield with all fibre quality traits was not correlated.When the selection w...Results The population had large variations for lint yield,fibre properties,predicted yarn properties,and composite fibre quality values.Lint yield with all fibre quality traits was not correlated.When the selection was conducted first to keep those with improved fibre quality,and followed for high yields,a large proportion in the resultant populations was the same between selections based on Cottonspec predicted yarn quality and HVI-measured fibre properties.They both exceeded the selection based on FQI and Background The approach of directly testing yarn quality to define fibre quality breeding objectives and progress the selection is attractive but difficult when considering the need for time and labour.The question remains whether yarn prediction tools from textile research can serve as an alternative.In this study,using a dataset from three seasons of field testing recombinant inbred line population,Cottonspec,a software developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)for predicting ring spun yarn quality from fibre properties measured by High Volume Instrument(HVI),was used to select improved fibre quality and lint yield in the population.The population was derived from an advanced generation inter-crossing of four CSIRO conventional commercial varieties.The Cottonspec program was able to provide an integrated index of the fibre qualities affecting yarn properties.That was compared with selection based on HVI-measured fibre properties,and two composite fibre quality variables,namely,fibre quality index(FQI),and premium and discount(PD)points.The latter represents the net points of fibre length,strength,and micronaire based on the Premiums and Discounts Schedule used in the market while modified by the inclusion of elongation.PD points.Conclusions The population contained elite segregants with improved yield and fibre properties,and Cottonspec predicted yarn quality is useful to effectively capture these elites.There is a need to further develop yarn quality prediction tools through collaborative efforts with textile mills,to draw better connectedness between fibre and yarn quality.This connection will support the entire cotton value chain research and evolution.展开更多
Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the...Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent(strong gluten,disease resistance and early maturity)and the male parent(high yield,water saving and lodging resistance),with a plant height of 76.9 cm,compact plant type,orderly spike layer and good maturity performance,which is suitable for large-scale promotion and market order planting in Huanghuai wheat area.In this paper,the characteristics of Shannong 116 are analyzed,and cultivation technical measures for high yield,high quality and high efficiency are put forward,in order to provide a technical support for the popularization and application of the variety.展开更多
Sumian 29, a genetically modified cotton variety, was approved by Autho- rized Committee of Crop Varieties of Jiangsu Province in 2013. Yield performance, cultivation characteristics of Sumian 29, and its selection an...Sumian 29, a genetically modified cotton variety, was approved by Autho- rized Committee of Crop Varieties of Jiangsu Province in 2013. Yield performance, cultivation characteristics of Sumian 29, and its selection and breeding process were introduced in the paper. Regional tests from 2010 to 2011 in Jiangsu Province showed that seed cotton yield and lint yield averaged 4 185 and 1 737 kg/hm2, and increased by 10.6% and 8.5% respectively, when compared with control (Siza 3). In production test, seed cotton yield and lint yield of Sumian 29 averaged 4 176 and 1 744.5 kg/hm2, respectively. Sumian 29 had high resistance to cotton bollworm, and also resistance to Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt of cotton. All of its fiber qualities achieved National Standard III and above. Sumian 29 has good application prospects.展开更多
The backcross(BC) breeding strategy has been increasingly used for developing high yielding varieties with improved abiotic stress tolerances in rice. In this study, 189Huang-Hua-Zhan(HHZ) introgression lines(ILs) dev...The backcross(BC) breeding strategy has been increasingly used for developing high yielding varieties with improved abiotic stress tolerances in rice. In this study, 189Huang-Hua-Zhan(HHZ) introgression lines(ILs) developed from three different selection schemes were evaluated for yield related traits under drought stress and non-stress conditions in the target and off-season winter nursery environments to assess the selection efficiency of BC breeding for improving different complex traits, and led us to five important results. The first result indicated that the primary target traits should be selected first in the target environments(TEs) in order to achieve the maximum genetic gain. Secondly, BC breeding for drought tolerance(DT) in rice was almost equally effective by strong phenotypic selection in the main target environments and in the winter-season of Hainan.Thirdly, exploiting genetic diversity in the subspecific gene pools is of great importance for future genetic improvement of complex traits in rice. Fourthly, considerable genetic gain can be effectively achieved by selection for secondary target traits among the ILs with the primary traits. Finally, the developed ILs provide useful materials for future genetic/genomic dissection and molecular breeding of complex traits.展开更多
Appropriate knowledge of the parental cultivars is a pre-requisite for a successful breeding program.This study characterized fruit yield,quality attributes,and molecular variations of ten tomato cultivars during thre...Appropriate knowledge of the parental cultivars is a pre-requisite for a successful breeding program.This study characterized fruit yield,quality attributes,and molecular variations of ten tomato cultivars during three consecutive generations under greenhouse conditions.Peto 86,Castle Rock,and Red Star cultivars showed the highest fruit yield(kg/plant),total phenolic compounds(TPC),and sap acidity.Principal component analysis categorized the evaluated fruit yield into three groups based on their quality attributes.A robust positive correlation appeared among traits inside each group.A positive correlation was likewise noticed between the first and the second groups.However,a negative correlation was detected between the first,the second and the third group.Molecular profiling,using seven inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)primers,produced 60 loci,including 49 polymorphic loci.The molecular analysis also pinpointed the highest genetic similarity(0.92)between P73 and Moneymaker,while the lowest genetic similarity(0.46)was observed between Castle Rock and Moneymaker.The cultivars P73 and Moneymaker showed the lowest genetic distance(2.24),while the highest genetic distance(5.92)was observed between Super Marmand and Peto86,on the one hand,and between Castle Rock and Moneymaker,on the other hand.The chemical analysis of fruit sap indicated the highest levels of TPC,total flavonoids,anthocyanin,ascorbic acid and total soluble solids in Peto 86 and Castle Rock cultivars.Phylogeny analysis of tomato cultivars based on morphological and molecular attributes indicated four distinct clades.Peto 86,Castle Rock,and Red star cultivars can be recommended for the tomato hybridization breeding programs in the future,with other tomato cultivars as potentially high-yielding parents.展开更多
Shanghua 511 is a high-yield, high-oil and web blotch-resistant big peanut variety bred by the Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences through sexual hybridization (Yuhua 18♀×Shangyan 9658♂). In...Shanghua 511 is a high-yield, high-oil and web blotch-resistant big peanut variety bred by the Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences through sexual hybridization (Yuhua 18♀×Shangyan 9658♂). In the wheat-peanut interplanting regional experiment conducted in Henan Province during 2012-2013, the average pod and seed yield of Shanghua 511 were 5906.19 and 4149.3 kg/hm2, respectively. In the wheat-peanut interplanting production experiment conducted in Henan Province in 2013, the average pod and seed yield of Shanghua 511 were 6036.45 and 4309.50 kg/hm2, respectively. In the kernels of Shanghua 511, the contents of crude fat, oleic acid and linoleic acid were 56.62%, 44.9% and 33.4% respectively, and the oleic/linoleic acid ratio was 1.34. This variety had high resistance to web blotch and medium resistance to leaf spot, viral diseases, root rot and collar rot. The 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, shelling percentage and growth period of Shanghua 511 were 270.6, 110.9 g, 70.6% and 120 d, respectively. Shanghua 511 passed the approval of Henan Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in August, 2015, and is suitable for spring sowing and wheat interplanting in the surrounding area of Henan Province and the area to the north of Huaihe River.展开更多
High oil yield resulted from a combination of high grain yield and high oil content is a prerequisite for the high efficient oilseed rape production. By using irradiation induced mutation and sexual hybridization comb...High oil yield resulted from a combination of high grain yield and high oil content is a prerequisite for the high efficient oilseed rape production. By using irradiation induced mutation and sexual hybridization combined with paired test cross, the fertility, yield and oil content of the three lines of cytoplasmic male sterility have been improved and a new hybrid variety Zhongyouza 8 with high oil yield was developed. It has been testified that the yield of Zhongyouza 8 was significantly higher than that of the control variety Zhongyou 821 with 9.82 and 10.64% increase in the regional trials of Hubei Province and nationwide, respectively. The oil content and oil yield of Zhongyouza 8 were the highest among all the lines involved in Hubei provincial trials, being 42.77% and 1 051.05 kg ha^-1 which was raised by 3% and 161.25 kg ha^-1 compared to the control Zhongyou 821, respectively. The genetic basis for the strong heterosis, and the factors contributing to the yield and oil content increase of Zhongyouza 8 as well as the strategy for high oil yielding variety improvement through increasing seed size were also discussed in this paper.展开更多
A comparative study was carried out to determine the most suitable substrate for breeding of midges (Forcipomyia spp.) and the implications for pollination and yield in a typical cocoa production system in the forest ...A comparative study was carried out to determine the most suitable substrate for breeding of midges (Forcipomyia spp.) and the implications for pollination and yield in a typical cocoa production system in the forest ecological zone of Ghana. For the field experiment, the typically available substrates in cocoa farms which were used as the treatments under cocoa trees were: 1) rotten cocoa leaf litter;2) rotten cocoa pod husks;and 3) rotten banana pseudostem. The untreated cocoa trees served as control. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with three replications. For the laboratory experiment, the design was completely randomized design with four replications. The objective was to determine which substrate best supported breeding of the midges. The rotten banana pseudostem substrate recorded the highest population (7680) of Forcipomyia spp. after 56 days of observation. The cocoa pod husk and cocoa leaf litter recorded populations of 5226 and 1920, respectively. Similar observations were recorded in the level of pollination of the cocoa trees treated with rotten banana pseudostem (95.78%), cocoa pod husks (89.05%) and cocoa leaf litter (68.42%). Application of all substrates to the cocoa tree resulted in a 77% mean reduction in flower abortion as compared to the control. Fruit abortion, on the other hand, was significantly greater in trees treated with rotten banana pseudostem (73.7%) and rotten cocoa pod husks (71.3%) than in trees treated with rotten cocoa leaf litter (54.3%). Application of banana substrate explained 88% of the variation in cherelle production (fruit set) whereas cocoa pod husks and cocoa leaf litter accounted for 71% and 94%, respectively, of the variation in cherelle production. The study concluded that although cocoa leaf litter resulted in average increases in midges population and subsequently not too high levels of pollination, there was a significantly higher number of set fruits retained which implied high cocoa pod yields. Consequently, in accordance with the observed trend cocoa leaf litter should be considered as the most appropriate substrate for midges activity in cocoa for high yields.展开更多
Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world population. The utilization of the wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in 1970s has significantly raised rice yield potential. But the world's annu...Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world population. The utilization of the wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in 1970s has significantly raised rice yield potential. But the world's annual rice production will have to increase 70 percent over the next 30 years, to keep up with the demends of the growing population.展开更多
Dominant early heading(DEH)in rice(Oryza sativa L.)is of interest in both breeding and genetics.The genetic mechanisms underlying DEH have remained largely unclear.We have developed a near-isogenic DEH line without yi...Dominant early heading(DEH)in rice(Oryza sativa L.)is of interest in both breeding and genetics.The genetic mechanisms underlying DEH have remained largely unclear.We have developed a near-isogenic DEH line without yield drag named DEH_229 by sister-line backcross(BC)breeding with MH63,a restorer,as the genetic background.We conducted a pilot genetic investigation under both short-day(SD)and long-day(LD)conditions.The DEH line harbored only 1.06%variation in the genome sequence relative to MH63.The variants were distributed throughout the genome.Using QTL mapping by sequencing(QTL-seq)on an F_(2) population derived from a cross of MH63×DEH_229,57 loci were detected under the SD condition.Joint mapping employing a genome-wide association study with accessions from the 3000 rice genome sequencing project(3K-RG),reduced the number of QTL by 43.9%.Using Rice Functional Genomics&Breeding(RFGB)database,the number of SNP cluster regions within the QTL regions reduced by 27.3%.Further comparison of the genome variation between DEH_229 and MH63 in addition to gene annotation information revealed a new DEH allele of DTH3 with multiple variable sites as a possible major factor underlying the early-heading phenotype of DEH_229.An InDel marker,ZMEH_1,was designed based on the variation between DEH_229 and MH63 within this region.It accounted for 86.0%of heading date variation under both SD and LD conditions in 109 randomly chosen progeny derived from extreme lines of the MH63×DEH_229 population.This study reveals the genetic complexity of DEH in the near-isogenic line and may provide useful material and marker information for plant molecular breeding.展开更多
Rice breeding for maximum yield is a hot topic today in the rice community of the world, and a hard nut to crack into the bargain. For many years, we have been devoted to the subject. In 1987 we discussed the subject ...Rice breeding for maximum yield is a hot topic today in the rice community of the world, and a hard nut to crack into the bargain. For many years, we have been devoted to the subject. In 1987 we discussed the subject in publications at home and abroad, in which we first introduced the general strategy of combining ideal plant morphology with the use of vigor. Afterward, drawing on the wisdoms of other researchers, we experimented with test materials featuring "rather short stalks" and "rather big panicles", but the results were not very satisfactory. Then, we switched from the "two rathers" to the "three optimums" (plant height, panicle size, and tillering ability). Three years’ (1991-1993) verification, especially the demonstra展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to solve the problem of the lacking of special forage foxtail millet varieties. [Method] With wild large-grain foxtail millet as an original material, foxtail millet variety Jicaog...[Objective] This study was conducted to solve the problem of the lacking of special forage foxtail millet varieties. [Method] With wild large-grain foxtail millet as an original material, foxtail millet variety Jicaogu 1 (S724) for forage use was bred. [Result] Jicaogu 1 has following outstanding characteristics: (1) high content of crude protein: quality detection showed that the millet straw had a high content of crude protein up to 9.8%; (2) high yields of fresh grass and hay: in field detection, the average yield of fresh grass was 58 308.15 kg/hm2, which was higher than Sicao 2 (35 763.00 kg/hm2) by 58.29%, and the hay yield was 15 922.65 kg/hm2, which was higher than Sicao 2 (11 548.05 kg/hm2) by 37.88%; and (3) biological characteristics: Jicaogu 1 shows young seedlings with a growth period of 122 d, a plant height of 198.22 cm, an ear length of 23.65 cm, a stem/leaf ratio of 1.43 and a fresh weight/dry weight ratio of 37.86, there are 2-3 tillers generally, and the seed yield is 3 383.40 kg/hm2. [Conclusion] Summer seeding in vacant field in North China or spring seeding in Inner Mongolia could be carried out with Jicaogu 1, which is also adapt to mechanized harvest. The development of forage foxtail millet could be promoted by strengthening the extension of Jicaogu 1.展开更多
The breeding processes, characteristics and comprehensive characters of two-line hybrid rice Yanliangyou 2208 and its parents (Yan 220S and Yanhui 888) taking part in the national rice regional test of southern rice...The breeding processes, characteristics and comprehensive characters of two-line hybrid rice Yanliangyou 2208 and its parents (Yan 220S and Yanhui 888) taking part in the national rice regional test of southern rice regions were introduced. Yanliangyou 2208 was approved by the National Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2013. The achievement has been transformed successfully and has been applied in production. It has good development and promotion prospects.展开更多
Chunyou 84 is an indica-japonica hybrid rice combination developed from Chunjiang 16A, a late japonica CMS line with early anthesis time, and C84, an indi-ca-japonica intermediate type restorer line with wide compatib...Chunyou 84 is an indica-japonica hybrid rice combination developed from Chunjiang 16A, a late japonica CMS line with early anthesis time, and C84, an indi-ca-japonica intermediate type restorer line with wide compatibility. It has the charac-teristics of high yield potential, high seed production, excel ent agronomic characters, good resistance and wide adaptability. It was registered and released by Zhejiang Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in March, 2013. The breeding proce-dure, characteristics, major techniques of cultivation and seed production of Chunyou 84 were introduced in this paper.展开更多
[Objective] This paper aimed to investigate the breeding direction of grain crops in Henan Province. [Method] Superior varieties are the basis of grain yield-increase, and a proper breeding direction is essential for ...[Objective] This paper aimed to investigate the breeding direction of grain crops in Henan Province. [Method] Superior varieties are the basis of grain yield-increase, and a proper breeding direction is essential for breeding of superior varieties. According to the actual situation and production requirements in Henan Province, by using statistical data of grain production, this paper analyzed the current situation and influencing factors of grain production in Henan Province, and summarized the breeding direction of current grain production. [Result] The increase of grain output in Henan Province mainly relies on the increase of grain yield per unit area and is achieved based on the increase of wheat and corn yield. There are several main factors affecting grain production in Henan Province, including the frequent meteorological disasters, low resistance to natural disasters, excessive chemical fertilizer inputs, decreased material conversion efficiency, aggravated pollution of the agricultural surface source, imbalanced quality and the distribution of cultivated land, emphasizing yield traits but neglecting related traits during crop breeding pro- cess, unitary dominant varieties resulting from narrow germplasm resources, and reduced grain-planting population with the migration of rural labor force. On this basis, the grain breeding direction is proposed with high yield, high efficiency, adaptability, stress resistance, specificity and safety, to enhance the grain crop breeding level, breed superior varieties, and realize the intensive use of cultivated land, intensive saving of materials, intensive substitution of labor force, intensive protection of environment and intensive efficiency of technologies by adjusting the breeding direction, thus promoting the sustained and stable development of grain production. [Conclusion] This paper provides basis for the breeding of superior varieties of grain crops and improvement of grain output in Henan Province.展开更多
Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population,and the demand for rice is expected to increase by 28%by 2050(Jiang et al.,2017).However,rice production is one of the largest anthropogenic source...Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population,and the demand for rice is expected to increase by 28%by 2050(Jiang et al.,2017).However,rice production is one of the largest anthropogenic sources of the potent greenhouse gas methane(CH4),accounting for 22%of total agricultural CH4 emissions(Qian et al.,2023).Therefore,to achieve sustainable intensification of rice cultivation,it is necessary to increase yields while reducing CH4 emissions.Field management techniques to reduce CH4 emissions while maintaining high yields have been studied extensively over the past few decades,but crop breeding to reduce CH4 emissions without compromising yields has received less attention(Kwon et al.,2023).展开更多
This review highlights an integrative multidisciplinary eco-physiological, breeding and agronomical research on the tropical starchy root crop cassava conducted at CIAT. Laboratory and field studies have elucidated se...This review highlights an integrative multidisciplinary eco-physiological, breeding and agronomical research on the tropical starchy root crop cassava conducted at CIAT. Laboratory and field studies have elucidated several physio-logical/biochemical mechanisms and plant traits underlying the high productivity in favorable conditions and tolerance to stressful environments, such as prolonged water stress and marginal low-fertility soils. Cassava is endowed with inherent high photosynthetic capacity expressed in near optimal environments that correlates with biological produc- tivity across environments and wide range of germplasm.Field-measured photosynthetic rates were also associated with root yield, particularly under prolonged drought. Extensive rooting systems and stomatal sensitivity to both atmospheric humidity and soil water shortages underlie tolerance to drought. The C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was associated with photosynthesis and yield making it a selectable trait, along with leaf duration, particularly for stressful environments. Germplasm from the core collection was screened for tolerance to soils low in P and K, resulting in the identification of several accessions with good levels of tolerance. Cassava has a comparative advantage against major tropical food and energy crops in terms of biological productivity. Results also point to the importance of field research versus greenhouse or growth-chamber studies. In globally warming climate,the crop is predicted to play more role in tropical and subtropical agro-ecosystems. More research is needed under tropical field conditions to understand the interactive responses to elevated carbon dioxide, temperature, soil fertility, and plant water relations.展开更多
Cotton is the prime natural fiber with economic significance globally.Cotton farming and breeding have a long his-tory in Pakistan.The development of high yielding upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)varieties gradually ...Cotton is the prime natural fiber with economic significance globally.Cotton farming and breeding have a long his-tory in Pakistan.The development of high yielding upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)varieties gradually replaced the cultivation of diploid Gossypium species.Climate change along with emergence of new epidemic diseases caused yield loss in recent years.The biotic stress considerably reduced the performance and yield potential of cotton.Suit-able breeding strategies are essential to generate useful genetic variations and to identify desired traits.Conventional breeding has remarkably increased cotton yield and fiber quality,which has cultivated the NIAB-78,S-12,MNH‐786,and FH‐Lalazar like cultivars.However,this phenotypic selection based breeding method has low efficiency to pro-duce stress resilient cotton.The efficiency of traditional breeding has significantly improved by the marker assisted selection technology.Breakthroughs in molecular genetics,bioinformatics analysis,genetic engineering,and genome sequencing have opened new technique routes for cotton breeding.In addition,genetic improvement through quantitative trait loci,transcriptome,and CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genomic editing can provide suitable platform to improve the resistance to stresses induced by bollworms,cotton leaf curl virus,heat,drought,and salt.The approval of transgenic lines harboring triple gene Cry1Ac+Cry2A+GTG are critical for cotton crop.This review has critically discussed the progress and limitations of cotton breeding in Pakistan,and reviewed the utilization of novel genetic variations and selection tools for sustainable cotton production.展开更多
Chunyou 284 is a medium- japonica hybrid combination,as well as an indica-japonica subspecific hyrbid with super-high yield,which was developed from Chunjiang 23A,a thermo-sensitive CMS line with very early anthesis t...Chunyou 284 is a medium- japonica hybrid combination,as well as an indica-japonica subspecific hyrbid with super-high yield,which was developed from Chunjiang 23A,a thermo-sensitive CMS line with very early anthesis time,and C84,an indica-japonica intermediate type restorer line with wide compatibility.This combination has the advantages of high yield potential,early maturity,excellent comprehensive agronomic traits and wide adaptability.It was approved by Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in June,2018.The breeding process,main characteristics,cultivation techniques and seed production points of the combination were introduced.展开更多
文摘This paper outlines effective methods for selecting and breeding maize varieties,with a focus on early and late hybridization,superior line re-selection,multi-part selection,and other techniques.The goal is to facilitate the innovation of northern spring-sown maize germplasm resources,the selection and breeding of new varieties,thereby contributing to food security in China.
基金funded through Cotton Breeding Australia,a Joint Venture between CSIRO and Cotton Seed Distributors(Wee Waa,NSW 2388,Australia)。
文摘Results The population had large variations for lint yield,fibre properties,predicted yarn properties,and composite fibre quality values.Lint yield with all fibre quality traits was not correlated.When the selection was conducted first to keep those with improved fibre quality,and followed for high yields,a large proportion in the resultant populations was the same between selections based on Cottonspec predicted yarn quality and HVI-measured fibre properties.They both exceeded the selection based on FQI and Background The approach of directly testing yarn quality to define fibre quality breeding objectives and progress the selection is attractive but difficult when considering the need for time and labour.The question remains whether yarn prediction tools from textile research can serve as an alternative.In this study,using a dataset from three seasons of field testing recombinant inbred line population,Cottonspec,a software developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)for predicting ring spun yarn quality from fibre properties measured by High Volume Instrument(HVI),was used to select improved fibre quality and lint yield in the population.The population was derived from an advanced generation inter-crossing of four CSIRO conventional commercial varieties.The Cottonspec program was able to provide an integrated index of the fibre qualities affecting yarn properties.That was compared with selection based on HVI-measured fibre properties,and two composite fibre quality variables,namely,fibre quality index(FQI),and premium and discount(PD)points.The latter represents the net points of fibre length,strength,and micronaire based on the Premiums and Discounts Schedule used in the market while modified by the inclusion of elongation.PD points.Conclusions The population contained elite segregants with improved yield and fibre properties,and Cottonspec predicted yarn quality is useful to effectively capture these elites.There is a need to further develop yarn quality prediction tools through collaborative efforts with textile mills,to draw better connectedness between fibre and yarn quality.This connection will support the entire cotton value chain research and evolution.
基金Supported by Agricultural Improved Variety Engineering Project of Shandong Province"Research on Super Wheat Breeding Technology"(LNLZ[2011]7,[2012]213)National Key Project for the Cultivation of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms"Breeding of New Varieties of Genetically Modified Organisms"(2013ZX08002-003)Science and Technology Innovation Major Project of Tai an City"Breeding and Application of Breakthrough Wheat Varieties with High Yield,Wide Adaptability and Good Quality"(2022NYLZ06).
文摘Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent(strong gluten,disease resistance and early maturity)and the male parent(high yield,water saving and lodging resistance),with a plant height of 76.9 cm,compact plant type,orderly spike layer and good maturity performance,which is suitable for large-scale promotion and market order planting in Huanghuai wheat area.In this paper,the characteristics of Shannong 116 are analyzed,and cultivation technical measures for high yield,high quality and high efficiency are put forward,in order to provide a technical support for the popularization and application of the variety.
基金Supported by the S&T Support Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2013380)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(CX(12)3068)the Key Program for Genetically Modified Organism Breeding(2012ZX-08013009-003)~~
文摘Sumian 29, a genetically modified cotton variety, was approved by Autho- rized Committee of Crop Varieties of Jiangsu Province in 2013. Yield performance, cultivation characteristics of Sumian 29, and its selection and breeding process were introduced in the paper. Regional tests from 2010 to 2011 in Jiangsu Province showed that seed cotton yield and lint yield averaged 4 185 and 1 737 kg/hm2, and increased by 10.6% and 8.5% respectively, when compared with control (Siza 3). In production test, seed cotton yield and lint yield of Sumian 29 averaged 4 176 and 1 744.5 kg/hm2, respectively. Sumian 29 had high resistance to cotton bollworm, and also resistance to Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt of cotton. All of its fiber qualities achieved National Standard III and above. Sumian 29 has good application prospects.
基金funded by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2012AA101101) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe National Science Foundation Project (30570996)+1 种基金the Program of Introducing International Super Agricultural Science and Technology (#2011-G2B) from the Ministry of Agriculture of Chinathe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Project (OPP51587)
文摘The backcross(BC) breeding strategy has been increasingly used for developing high yielding varieties with improved abiotic stress tolerances in rice. In this study, 189Huang-Hua-Zhan(HHZ) introgression lines(ILs) developed from three different selection schemes were evaluated for yield related traits under drought stress and non-stress conditions in the target and off-season winter nursery environments to assess the selection efficiency of BC breeding for improving different complex traits, and led us to five important results. The first result indicated that the primary target traits should be selected first in the target environments(TEs) in order to achieve the maximum genetic gain. Secondly, BC breeding for drought tolerance(DT) in rice was almost equally effective by strong phenotypic selection in the main target environments and in the winter-season of Hainan.Thirdly, exploiting genetic diversity in the subspecific gene pools is of great importance for future genetic improvement of complex traits in rice. Fourthly, considerable genetic gain can be effectively achieved by selection for secondary target traits among the ILs with the primary traits. Finally, the developed ILs provide useful materials for future genetic/genomic dissection and molecular breeding of complex traits.
基金This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia[Project No.GRANT805]the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Number(PNURSP2023R318),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Appropriate knowledge of the parental cultivars is a pre-requisite for a successful breeding program.This study characterized fruit yield,quality attributes,and molecular variations of ten tomato cultivars during three consecutive generations under greenhouse conditions.Peto 86,Castle Rock,and Red Star cultivars showed the highest fruit yield(kg/plant),total phenolic compounds(TPC),and sap acidity.Principal component analysis categorized the evaluated fruit yield into three groups based on their quality attributes.A robust positive correlation appeared among traits inside each group.A positive correlation was likewise noticed between the first and the second groups.However,a negative correlation was detected between the first,the second and the third group.Molecular profiling,using seven inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)primers,produced 60 loci,including 49 polymorphic loci.The molecular analysis also pinpointed the highest genetic similarity(0.92)between P73 and Moneymaker,while the lowest genetic similarity(0.46)was observed between Castle Rock and Moneymaker.The cultivars P73 and Moneymaker showed the lowest genetic distance(2.24),while the highest genetic distance(5.92)was observed between Super Marmand and Peto86,on the one hand,and between Castle Rock and Moneymaker,on the other hand.The chemical analysis of fruit sap indicated the highest levels of TPC,total flavonoids,anthocyanin,ascorbic acid and total soluble solids in Peto 86 and Castle Rock cultivars.Phylogeny analysis of tomato cultivars based on morphological and molecular attributes indicated four distinct clades.Peto 86,Castle Rock,and Red star cultivars can be recommended for the tomato hybridization breeding programs in the future,with other tomato cultivars as potentially high-yielding parents.
基金Supported by Genetic Breeding Post Special Fund of Peanut Industrial Technology System in Henan Province(S2012-05-G01)Major Science and Technology Program of Henan Province(141100110600,161100111000)~~
文摘Shanghua 511 is a high-yield, high-oil and web blotch-resistant big peanut variety bred by the Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences through sexual hybridization (Yuhua 18♀×Shangyan 9658♂). In the wheat-peanut interplanting regional experiment conducted in Henan Province during 2012-2013, the average pod and seed yield of Shanghua 511 were 5906.19 and 4149.3 kg/hm2, respectively. In the wheat-peanut interplanting production experiment conducted in Henan Province in 2013, the average pod and seed yield of Shanghua 511 were 6036.45 and 4309.50 kg/hm2, respectively. In the kernels of Shanghua 511, the contents of crude fat, oleic acid and linoleic acid were 56.62%, 44.9% and 33.4% respectively, and the oleic/linoleic acid ratio was 1.34. This variety had high resistance to web blotch and medium resistance to leaf spot, viral diseases, root rot and collar rot. The 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, shelling percentage and growth period of Shanghua 511 were 270.6, 110.9 g, 70.6% and 120 d, respectively. Shanghua 511 passed the approval of Henan Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in August, 2015, and is suitable for spring sowing and wheat interplanting in the surrounding area of Henan Province and the area to the north of Huaihe River.
文摘High oil yield resulted from a combination of high grain yield and high oil content is a prerequisite for the high efficient oilseed rape production. By using irradiation induced mutation and sexual hybridization combined with paired test cross, the fertility, yield and oil content of the three lines of cytoplasmic male sterility have been improved and a new hybrid variety Zhongyouza 8 with high oil yield was developed. It has been testified that the yield of Zhongyouza 8 was significantly higher than that of the control variety Zhongyou 821 with 9.82 and 10.64% increase in the regional trials of Hubei Province and nationwide, respectively. The oil content and oil yield of Zhongyouza 8 were the highest among all the lines involved in Hubei provincial trials, being 42.77% and 1 051.05 kg ha^-1 which was raised by 3% and 161.25 kg ha^-1 compared to the control Zhongyou 821, respectively. The genetic basis for the strong heterosis, and the factors contributing to the yield and oil content increase of Zhongyouza 8 as well as the strategy for high oil yielding variety improvement through increasing seed size were also discussed in this paper.
文摘A comparative study was carried out to determine the most suitable substrate for breeding of midges (Forcipomyia spp.) and the implications for pollination and yield in a typical cocoa production system in the forest ecological zone of Ghana. For the field experiment, the typically available substrates in cocoa farms which were used as the treatments under cocoa trees were: 1) rotten cocoa leaf litter;2) rotten cocoa pod husks;and 3) rotten banana pseudostem. The untreated cocoa trees served as control. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with three replications. For the laboratory experiment, the design was completely randomized design with four replications. The objective was to determine which substrate best supported breeding of the midges. The rotten banana pseudostem substrate recorded the highest population (7680) of Forcipomyia spp. after 56 days of observation. The cocoa pod husk and cocoa leaf litter recorded populations of 5226 and 1920, respectively. Similar observations were recorded in the level of pollination of the cocoa trees treated with rotten banana pseudostem (95.78%), cocoa pod husks (89.05%) and cocoa leaf litter (68.42%). Application of all substrates to the cocoa tree resulted in a 77% mean reduction in flower abortion as compared to the control. Fruit abortion, on the other hand, was significantly greater in trees treated with rotten banana pseudostem (73.7%) and rotten cocoa pod husks (71.3%) than in trees treated with rotten cocoa leaf litter (54.3%). Application of banana substrate explained 88% of the variation in cherelle production (fruit set) whereas cocoa pod husks and cocoa leaf litter accounted for 71% and 94%, respectively, of the variation in cherelle production. The study concluded that although cocoa leaf litter resulted in average increases in midges population and subsequently not too high levels of pollination, there was a significantly higher number of set fruits retained which implied high cocoa pod yields. Consequently, in accordance with the observed trend cocoa leaf litter should be considered as the most appropriate substrate for midges activity in cocoa for high yields.
基金The study was supported by Hi-tech Research and Development Project of China (No. 2004AA211142), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30270819). The development of source materials used in the study was supported by the Rockefeller Foundation.
文摘Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world population. The utilization of the wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in 1970s has significantly raised rice yield potential. But the world's annual rice production will have to increase 70 percent over the next 30 years, to keep up with the demends of the growing population.
基金We appreciate supports from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0101801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871715)+2 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ICS2020YJ07BX,1610092015003-10,and Y2020PT24)the Open Program from the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding(2018-05-Z06-KF01)the“Green Super Rice”Project from Bill&Melinda Gates’Foundation(OPP1130530).
文摘Dominant early heading(DEH)in rice(Oryza sativa L.)is of interest in both breeding and genetics.The genetic mechanisms underlying DEH have remained largely unclear.We have developed a near-isogenic DEH line without yield drag named DEH_229 by sister-line backcross(BC)breeding with MH63,a restorer,as the genetic background.We conducted a pilot genetic investigation under both short-day(SD)and long-day(LD)conditions.The DEH line harbored only 1.06%variation in the genome sequence relative to MH63.The variants were distributed throughout the genome.Using QTL mapping by sequencing(QTL-seq)on an F_(2) population derived from a cross of MH63×DEH_229,57 loci were detected under the SD condition.Joint mapping employing a genome-wide association study with accessions from the 3000 rice genome sequencing project(3K-RG),reduced the number of QTL by 43.9%.Using Rice Functional Genomics&Breeding(RFGB)database,the number of SNP cluster regions within the QTL regions reduced by 27.3%.Further comparison of the genome variation between DEH_229 and MH63 in addition to gene annotation information revealed a new DEH allele of DTH3 with multiple variable sites as a possible major factor underlying the early-heading phenotype of DEH_229.An InDel marker,ZMEH_1,was designed based on the variation between DEH_229 and MH63 within this region.It accounted for 86.0%of heading date variation under both SD and LD conditions in 109 randomly chosen progeny derived from extreme lines of the MH63×DEH_229 population.This study reveals the genetic complexity of DEH in the near-isogenic line and may provide useful material and marker information for plant molecular breeding.
文摘Rice breeding for maximum yield is a hot topic today in the rice community of the world, and a hard nut to crack into the bargain. For many years, we have been devoted to the subject. In 1987 we discussed the subject in publications at home and abroad, in which we first introduced the general strategy of combining ideal plant morphology with the use of vigor. Afterward, drawing on the wisdoms of other researchers, we experimented with test materials featuring "rather short stalks" and "rather big panicles", but the results were not very satisfactory. Then, we switched from the "two rathers" to the "three optimums" (plant height, panicle size, and tillering ability). Three years’ (1991-1993) verification, especially the demonstra
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Incentive Subsidizing Project in 2015Special Fund of Scientific Research in Public Interest from Ministry of Agriculture(20120304201)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to solve the problem of the lacking of special forage foxtail millet varieties. [Method] With wild large-grain foxtail millet as an original material, foxtail millet variety Jicaogu 1 (S724) for forage use was bred. [Result] Jicaogu 1 has following outstanding characteristics: (1) high content of crude protein: quality detection showed that the millet straw had a high content of crude protein up to 9.8%; (2) high yields of fresh grass and hay: in field detection, the average yield of fresh grass was 58 308.15 kg/hm2, which was higher than Sicao 2 (35 763.00 kg/hm2) by 58.29%, and the hay yield was 15 922.65 kg/hm2, which was higher than Sicao 2 (11 548.05 kg/hm2) by 37.88%; and (3) biological characteristics: Jicaogu 1 shows young seedlings with a growth period of 122 d, a plant height of 198.22 cm, an ear length of 23.65 cm, a stem/leaf ratio of 1.43 and a fresh weight/dry weight ratio of 37.86, there are 2-3 tillers generally, and the seed yield is 3 383.40 kg/hm2. [Conclusion] Summer seeding in vacant field in North China or spring seeding in Inner Mongolia could be carried out with Jicaogu 1, which is also adapt to mechanized harvest. The development of forage foxtail millet could be promoted by strengthening the extension of Jicaogu 1.
基金Supported by the Project of "Six Talent Peaks"of Jiangsu Province(No.[2014]346 NY-040)"333 Talent Project"of Jiangsu Province(BRA2014142)~~
文摘The breeding processes, characteristics and comprehensive characters of two-line hybrid rice Yanliangyou 2208 and its parents (Yan 220S and Yanhui 888) taking part in the national rice regional test of southern rice regions were introduced. Yanliangyou 2208 was approved by the National Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2013. The achievement has been transformed successfully and has been applied in production. It has good development and promotion prospects.
基金Supported by Zhejiang 0406 Projectthe Project of "The Breeding and Experimental Demonstration of Chinese Super Rice" by Ministry of Agriculture+3 种基金the Project of Fundamental Research Funds of China National Rice Research Institute(2012RG001-2)National Agricultural Science and Technology Transformation Fund Project(2013GB23260592)Zhejiang Agricultural Science and Technology Cooperation Projects of "Three Agricultural Issues and Six Parties"Zhejiang Agricultural Project of Public Welfare Technology Research(2012C22023)~~
文摘Chunyou 84 is an indica-japonica hybrid rice combination developed from Chunjiang 16A, a late japonica CMS line with early anthesis time, and C84, an indi-ca-japonica intermediate type restorer line with wide compatibility. It has the charac-teristics of high yield potential, high seed production, excel ent agronomic characters, good resistance and wide adaptability. It was registered and released by Zhejiang Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in March, 2013. The breeding proce-dure, characteristics, major techniques of cultivation and seed production of Chunyou 84 were introduced in this paper.
基金Supported by Special Fund of Henan Provincial Department of Finance(2012-196-58)~~
文摘[Objective] This paper aimed to investigate the breeding direction of grain crops in Henan Province. [Method] Superior varieties are the basis of grain yield-increase, and a proper breeding direction is essential for breeding of superior varieties. According to the actual situation and production requirements in Henan Province, by using statistical data of grain production, this paper analyzed the current situation and influencing factors of grain production in Henan Province, and summarized the breeding direction of current grain production. [Result] The increase of grain output in Henan Province mainly relies on the increase of grain yield per unit area and is achieved based on the increase of wheat and corn yield. There are several main factors affecting grain production in Henan Province, including the frequent meteorological disasters, low resistance to natural disasters, excessive chemical fertilizer inputs, decreased material conversion efficiency, aggravated pollution of the agricultural surface source, imbalanced quality and the distribution of cultivated land, emphasizing yield traits but neglecting related traits during crop breeding pro- cess, unitary dominant varieties resulting from narrow germplasm resources, and reduced grain-planting population with the migration of rural labor force. On this basis, the grain breeding direction is proposed with high yield, high efficiency, adaptability, stress resistance, specificity and safety, to enhance the grain crop breeding level, breed superior varieties, and realize the intensive use of cultivated land, intensive saving of materials, intensive substitution of labor force, intensive protection of environment and intensive efficiency of technologies by adjusting the breeding direction, thus promoting the sustained and stable development of grain production. [Conclusion] This paper provides basis for the breeding of superior varieties of grain crops and improvement of grain output in Henan Province.
基金support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (project no.PJ016990)of the Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea.
文摘Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population,and the demand for rice is expected to increase by 28%by 2050(Jiang et al.,2017).However,rice production is one of the largest anthropogenic sources of the potent greenhouse gas methane(CH4),accounting for 22%of total agricultural CH4 emissions(Qian et al.,2023).Therefore,to achieve sustainable intensification of rice cultivation,it is necessary to increase yields while reducing CH4 emissions.Field management techniques to reduce CH4 emissions while maintaining high yields have been studied extensively over the past few decades,but crop breeding to reduce CH4 emissions without compromising yields has received less attention(Kwon et al.,2023).
文摘This review highlights an integrative multidisciplinary eco-physiological, breeding and agronomical research on the tropical starchy root crop cassava conducted at CIAT. Laboratory and field studies have elucidated several physio-logical/biochemical mechanisms and plant traits underlying the high productivity in favorable conditions and tolerance to stressful environments, such as prolonged water stress and marginal low-fertility soils. Cassava is endowed with inherent high photosynthetic capacity expressed in near optimal environments that correlates with biological produc- tivity across environments and wide range of germplasm.Field-measured photosynthetic rates were also associated with root yield, particularly under prolonged drought. Extensive rooting systems and stomatal sensitivity to both atmospheric humidity and soil water shortages underlie tolerance to drought. The C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was associated with photosynthesis and yield making it a selectable trait, along with leaf duration, particularly for stressful environments. Germplasm from the core collection was screened for tolerance to soils low in P and K, resulting in the identification of several accessions with good levels of tolerance. Cassava has a comparative advantage against major tropical food and energy crops in terms of biological productivity. Results also point to the importance of field research versus greenhouse or growth-chamber studies. In globally warming climate,the crop is predicted to play more role in tropical and subtropical agro-ecosystems. More research is needed under tropical field conditions to understand the interactive responses to elevated carbon dioxide, temperature, soil fertility, and plant water relations.
基金This work was sponsored by funds from the Zhongyuan Academician Founda-tion(212101510001)the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871679).
文摘Cotton is the prime natural fiber with economic significance globally.Cotton farming and breeding have a long his-tory in Pakistan.The development of high yielding upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)varieties gradually replaced the cultivation of diploid Gossypium species.Climate change along with emergence of new epidemic diseases caused yield loss in recent years.The biotic stress considerably reduced the performance and yield potential of cotton.Suit-able breeding strategies are essential to generate useful genetic variations and to identify desired traits.Conventional breeding has remarkably increased cotton yield and fiber quality,which has cultivated the NIAB-78,S-12,MNH‐786,and FH‐Lalazar like cultivars.However,this phenotypic selection based breeding method has low efficiency to pro-duce stress resilient cotton.The efficiency of traditional breeding has significantly improved by the marker assisted selection technology.Breakthroughs in molecular genetics,bioinformatics analysis,genetic engineering,and genome sequencing have opened new technique routes for cotton breeding.In addition,genetic improvement through quantitative trait loci,transcriptome,and CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genomic editing can provide suitable platform to improve the resistance to stresses induced by bollworms,cotton leaf curl virus,heat,drought,and salt.The approval of transgenic lines harboring triple gene Cry1Ac+Cry2A+GTG are critical for cotton crop.This review has critically discussed the progress and limitations of cotton breeding in Pakistan,and reviewed the utilization of novel genetic variations and selection tools for sustainable cotton production.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0100405)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-201X-CNRRI)+3 种基金Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology(2017ZZKT10204)the Major Scientific Technological Project of New Varieties of Agriculture(Grain)of Zhejiang Province(2016C02050-5-1)the Fundamental Research Fund for China National Rice Research Institute(2017RG003-1)Breeding of High-yield Genetically Modified Rice Varieties(2016ZX08001004-001)
文摘Chunyou 284 is a medium- japonica hybrid combination,as well as an indica-japonica subspecific hyrbid with super-high yield,which was developed from Chunjiang 23A,a thermo-sensitive CMS line with very early anthesis time,and C84,an indica-japonica intermediate type restorer line with wide compatibility.This combination has the advantages of high yield potential,early maturity,excellent comprehensive agronomic traits and wide adaptability.It was approved by Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in June,2018.The breeding process,main characteristics,cultivation techniques and seed production points of the combination were introduced.