Sedimentary system characteristics and depositional filling model of Upper Permian——Lower Triassic in South Yellow Sea Basin

In the South Yellow Sea Basin,Mesozoic–Paleozoic marine strata are generally well developed with large thickness,and no substantial breakthroughs have been made in hydrocarbon exploration.Through research,it is believed that the Upper Permian–Lower Triassic can be regarded as a long-term base-level cycle.Based on drilling data,characteristics of the lithology–electric property combination cyclicity,and the special lithology,the long-term base-level cycle was divided into five medium-term base-level cycles(MC1–MC5).On this basis,the Permian–Triassic sedimentary systems and their filling model were analyzed in accordance with the change of base-level cycle and transition of sedimentary environment,as well as characteristics of the drilling sedimentary facies and seismic facies.The results show that there were six sedimentary systems(fluvial,delta,tidal flat,open platform,restricted platform,and continental shelf)developed in the Upper Permian–Lower Triassic,the sedimentary systems were distributed such that the water was deep in the northwest and shallow in the southeast,and there were two base-level cycle filling models(a relatively stable tidal flat facies and a rapidly transgressive continental shelf facies to stable platform facies)developed in the Upper Permian–Lower Triassic.These models can provide a basis for evaluation of the Mesozoic–Paleozoic hydrocarbon geology in the South Yellow Sea Basin.

Geochemical Characteristics of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation from Northeastern Sichuan Basin:Implications for the Depositional Environment and Organic Matter Enrichment

A set of organic-rich shales of the upper Permian Longtan Formation,which is widely developed in the northeastern part of the Sichuan Basin,is a key formation for the next step of exploration and development.At present,most studies on this set of formations have focused on the reservoir characteristics and reservoir formation mechanism of the shales,and basic studies on the palaeoenvironment and organic matter(OM)enrichment mechanism have not been fully carried out.In this paper,we recovered the sedimentary palaeoenvironment by mineralogical,elemental geochemical and organic geochemical analyses,and explored the enrichment mechanism of OM under the constraints of palaeoenvironmental evolution.The shales can be divided into two stages of sedimentary evolution:compared with the shales of the Lower Longtan Formation,the shales of the Upper Longtan Formation are relatively rich in quartz,poor in clay and carbonate minerals,and the OM type changes from typeⅢto typeⅡ_(2).The depositional environment has undergone a change from sea level rise,from warm and wet climate to dry and cold climate,and from oxygen-poor condition restricted to open reduction environment;the land source input has decreased,the siliceous mineral content has increased,the biological productivity has improved,and the deposition rate has changed from high to low.A depositional model was established for the shales of the Longtan Formation,reflecting the differential reservoir formation pattern of organic matter.For the Lower Longtan Formation shales,the most important factors controlling OM content are terrestrial source input and deposition rate,followed by paleoclimate and paleooxygen conditions.For the Upper Longtan Formation shales,the most important controlling factor is paleo-productivity,followed by sedimentation rate.The depositional model constructed for the Upper and Lower Longtan Formation shales can reproduce the enrichment of organic matter and provide a basis for later exploration and development.

Geological characteristics and co-exploration and co-production methods of Upper Permian Longtan coal measure gas in Yangmeishu Syncline, Western Guizhou Province, China

Coal measure gas(also known as coal-bearing unconventional gas)is the key field and development direction of unconventional natural gas in recent years.The exploration and evaluation of coal measure gas(coalbed methane,coal shale gas and coal measure tight sandstone gas)from single coalbed methane has greatly expanded the field and space of resource evaluation,which is of positive significance for realizing the comprehensive utilization of coal resources,maximizing the benefits and promoting the innovation of oil and gas geological theory and technological advances in exploration and development.For the first time,in Yangmeishu Syncline of Western Guizhou Province,the public welfare coalbed methane geological survey project of China Geological Survey has been carried out a systematic geological survey of coal measure gas for the Upper Permian Longtan Formation,identified the geological conditions of coal measure gas and found high quality resources.The total geological resource quantity of coalbed methane and coal shale gas is 51.423×109 m3 and the geological resource abundance is up to 566×106 m3/km2.In this area,the coal measures are characterized by many layers of minable coal seams,large total thickness,thin to the medium thickness of the single layer,good gas-bearing property of coal seams and coal measure mudstone and sandstone,good reservoir physical property and high-pressure coefficient.According to the principle of combination of high quality and similarity of key parameters of the coal reservoir,the most favorable intervals are No.5-2,No.7 and No.13-2 coal seam in Well YMC1.And the pilot tests are carried out on coal seams and roof silty mudstone,such as staged perforation,increasing hydraulic fracturing scale and"three gas"production.The high and stable industrial gas flow with a daily gas output of more than 4000 m3 has been obtained,which has realized the breakthrough in the geological survey of coal measure gas in Southwest China.Based on the above investigation results,the geological characteristics of coal measure gas in the multi-thin-coal-seam-developed area and the coexploration and co-production methods,such as the optimization method of favorable intervals,the highefficiency fracturing and reservoir reconstruction method of coal measures,and the"three gas"drainage and production system,are systematically summarized in this paper.It will provide a reference for efficient exploration and development of coal measure gas in similar geological conditions in China.

Diagenesis and Very Low-Grade Metamorphism of the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation in Eastern Changchun, China:Evidence from Clay Mineral Geothermobarometers

The metamorphic conditions of the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation in eastern Changchun, China, were evaluated based on the mineral assemblage, illite crystallinity, illite polytypism,the b dimension of illite, and the chemical composition of chlorite. The pelitic rocks in the Yangjiagou Formation are characterized by illite + kaolinite + chlorite ± mixed-layer chlorite/smectite and detrital quartz + plagioclase. Illite in the formation has a crystallinity of 0.38-0.55 and comprises mixed 2 Mand1 Mpolytypes, indicating a metamorphic temperature of >200℃. Based on the chemical composition of chlorite and the chlorite geothermometer, we estimated diagenetic to very low-grade metamorphic conditions with temperatures of 185℃～204℃. The b dimension of illite varies from 8.992 A to 9.005 A.We used a mathematical algorithm to extend Guidotti and Sassi’s(1986) diagram relating illite b dimension with temperature and pressure, and used this diagram, together with illite crystallinity and chlorite chemical composition, to semi-quantitatively estimate the formation pressure at<1.2 kbar. These reveal that the Yangjiagou Formation has experienced very low-grade metamorphism.

A study on the geochemical characteristics of Upper Permian continental marginal arc volcanic rocks in the northern segment of South Lancangjiang Belt

Geochemical characteristics of the Upper Permian (P-2) continental marginal arc volcanic rocks are described, which have been found recently around the areas of Xiaodingxi and Zangli on the eastern side of the Yunxian|Lincang granite, in terms of rock assemblage, petrochemistry, REE, trace elements, Pb isotopes, geotectonic environment and so on. The volcanic rock assemblage is dominated by basalt-andesite-dacite, with minor trachyte andecite-trachyte; the volcanic rock series is predominated by the calc-alkaline series, with minor tholleiite series and alkaline series rocks; the volcanic rocks are characterized by high Al-2O-3 and low TiO-2, with K-2O contents showing extremely strong polarity; the REE distribution patterns are characterized by LREE enrichment and right-inclined type; trace elements and large cation elements are highly enriched, Ti and Cr are depleted, and P and Nb are partially depleted; the Pb composition is of the Gondwana type; the petrochemical points mostly fall within the field of island-arc volcanic rocks, in consistency with the projection of data points of continental marginal volcanic rocks in the southern segment of the South Lancangjiang Belt and the North Lancangjiang Belt. This continental marginal arc volcanic rock belt, together with the ocean-ridge and ocean-island volcanic rocks and ophiolites in the Changning-Menglian Belt, constitute the ocean-ridge volcanic rock, ophiolite-arc rock-magmatic rock belts which are distributed in pairs, indicating that the Lancangjiang oceanic crust subducted eastwards. This result is of great importance in constraining the evolution of the paleo-Tethys in the Lancangjiang Belt.

The Geochemical Characteristics of Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope and Analysis of Diagenetic Environment --A Case Study of Upper Permian Changxing Formation Dolostone in Northeast of Sichuan

四川盆地东北部上二叠统长兴组白云岩为重要的优质储层,近年来,长兴组白云岩成岩环境或成因问题成为研究者讨论的热点话题。在岩石学研究的基础上,运用稳定碳、氧同位素,对研究区长兴组白云岩进行综合研究表明,白云石化具有多期次的特点,按照成岩环境划分为蒸发环境下的准同生白云岩和埋藏条件下的早、中、晚期成岩白云岩。并划分为早、中、晚成岩阶段,结合碳、氧同位素分析结果进一步表明晚成岩阶段白云岩是构造热液白云石化的结果。

Facies Analysis and Depositional Environment of Upper Permian Rocks in Darin Section, East-Central Iran

Deposits of Permian rocks in Kalmard Block are recognized with Khan Group, showing various characteristics in different outcrops. This group is made up of three informal formations, namely Chili, Sartakht and Hermez. Upper Permian deposits (Hermez Formation) are composed chiefly of lateritic and carbonate rocks. This formation is composed of 65.5 m lateritic soils, lateritic sandstone, limestone, dolomite and dolomitic limestone in the Darin section. This formation unconformably overlies middle Permian siliciclastic and evaporite deposits (Sartakht Formation), where as it is depicted underlying an erosional unconformity above lateritic deposits of lower Triassic (Sorkh Shale Formation). According to lithologic and microscopic investigations, the deposits of Hermez Formation can be divided into 1 siliciclastic petrofacies and 14 carbonate microfacies. Field observations, along with microscopic examinations, have resulted in identifying tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and open marine environments in the rocks of the studied formation. Vertical changes of microfacies and depth variation curve point to the high thickness of the microfacies of lagoon, tidal flat and shoal environments and low thickness of open marine microfacies. Hermez Formation rocks in Darin section are deposited in a low-angle homoclinal ramp, mostly in the inner ramp, located in the southern Paleo-Tethys Ocean.

Ufadendron elongatum sp. nov., an Angaran Lycopsid from the Upper Permian of Inner Mongolia, China

A new species Ufadendron elongatum sp.nov.,attributed to the family Tomiodendraceae Naugolnykh,is represented by two well-preserved stems in the collection under study.This new species was recently discovered from the Upper Permian Linxi Formation in the Jalaid locality,the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region,China.The genus Ufadendron is characterized as having the long fusiform leaf cushions,with small and rounded leaf scar containing a central point-like scar which is situated at the upper part of leaf cushion;the infrafoliar bladder of fusiform shape positioned in the middle part of leaf cushion;the wings and heel well-developed in the lateral parts and the lower part of leaf cushion,respectively.The new species is different from the type species U.ufaense(Naugolnykh 2014)collected from the Lower Permian of the Cis-Urals,western limits of Angaraland,in the elongated leaf cushion and in the well-pronounced heel.It should be noted,that a vascular bundle(conductive strand)occupied the middle part of the central point-like scar.So far,only 5 genera of Angaran elements among lycopsids have been discovered in the region geographically belonging to Angaran Realm(Phytogeoprovince)in China.The new species U.elongatum not only enlarges our knowledge on the taxonomy of Tomiodendraceae lycopsids,and also provides an opportunity to understand the difference between Angaran and Cathaysian floras in paleoclimatic context.

Paleoenvironment of marine-continental transitional shales in the lower Permian Shanxi formation,southeastern Ordos Basin,China

The paleoenvironment of shales can be reconstructed to some extent using the combinations or concentrations of elements that correlate strongly with environmental conditions.In this study,we analyzed rare earth elements(REEs),major elements,and trace elements in the marine-continental transitional shales(transitional shales for short)of the Shan 2^(3)submember of the Shanxi Formation in the southeastern Ordos Basin.The purpose is to deduce the paleoenvironmental conditions of the shales,encompassing paleoredox,paleoclimate,paleoproductivity,and paleo-provenance.The Shan 2^(3)submember comprises four sections,namely Shan 2^(3)-1,Shan 2^(3)-2,Shan 2^(3)-3,and Shan 2^(3)-4.The Ba/Al,P/Al,and Cu/Al ratios,along with biogenic barium(Babio),indicate that the paleoproductivity of the submember peaked during the Shan 2^(3)-1 deposition and exhibited a downtrend upward in other sections.Trends in the Uau and the Ni/Co,V/Cr,U/Th,and V/Sc ratios suggest that suboxic conditions prevailed during the Shan 2^(3)-1 deposition,with the oxidation level gradually increasing from Shan 2^(3)-1 to Shan 2^(3)-4.C-value and the Sr/Cu vs.Ga/Rb cross-plot indicate a warm and arid paleoclimate during the Shan 2^(3)-1 deposition,which transitioned to cooler,drier conditions during the deposition of other sections.Indicators sensitive to paleoclimate,such as the K/Rb and Th/U ratios,along with the ICV,PIA,and Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA),highlight elevated weathering from Shan 2^(3)-2 to Shan 2^(3)-4,with Shan 2^(3)-1 exhibiting the weakest weathering during its deposition.As suggested by the REE data,the Zr/Sc vs.Th/Sr cross-plot,provenance discriminant functions,and the cross-plots of Hf vs.La/Th,Th vs.Hf-Co,and∑REE vs.La/Yb,the sedimentary provenance for the transitional shales of the Shan 2^(3)submember is of multiple origins,with significant contributions from the Upper Continental Crust(UCC).Discriminant diagrams,including those of Th-Co-Zr/10,Th-Sc-Zr/10,La-Th-Sc,and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O vs.SiO_(2),suggest that the transitional shales of the Shan 2^(3)submember were primarily deposited under tectonic settings such as continental island arcs(CIAs)and passive continental margins(PCMs).

Discovery of the Upper Permian series in Cuoqin Basin,Xizang (Tibet) and its geological significance

During the field work,one assumption has been made according to the lithologic,especially the paleotogic characteristics observed. The assumption is that the Upper Permian series should exist in Aduogabu which is in Xiadong Town, Gaize County, Tibet. This assumption was verified by the results of paleontologic identification. Accordingly it can be concluded

A new species of Lepidopteris discovered from the Upper Permian of China with its stratigraphic and biologic implications

A new species Lepidopteris baodensis sp.nov.belonging to the family Peltaspermaceae and represented by two ultimate pinnae in the collection under study,was recently discovered at the Baijiagou of Baode,Shanxi,China,from the Upper Permian Sunjiagou Formation.The lower surface of the ultimate rachis,the midrib and secondary veins is covered with triangular,trapezoid,rounded,or ligulate subepidermal swellings,which show different natures from intercalary pinnules.Lepidopteris is one of typical elements of the Late Permian Euramerican flora.Since Schimper erected the genus Lepidopteris in 1869,the entire epidermal structure of subepidermal swellings had been unclear.The new species L.baodensis clearly showing the distinguished epidermal structure of subepidermal swellings,not only enlarges and supplements our knowledge in biology and taxonomy of Lepidopteris as well as the Upper Permian stratigraphy of China,but also provides an opportunity to understand the relationship between Euramerican floras and Cathaysian floras in paleoclimatic,paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic context.

Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Upper Permian Changxing Stage in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region,China

Based on the petrological study,according to single factor analysis and multifactor comprehensive mapping method,the quantitative lithofacies palaeogeography of the Upper Permian Changxing Stage of the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region was studied.The Changxing Stage in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region is mainly composed of carbonate rocks;in addition,clastic and siliceous rocks occur with rare coals and pyroclastic rocks.Lithofacies can be divided into five types,including clastic rock assemblage,clastic rock-limestone assemblage,limestone assemblage,limestone-siliceous rock assemblage,and siliceous rock-clastic rock assemblage.Four fundamental ecological types and five fossil assemblages were recognized in the Changxing Stage.On the basis of the petrological and palaeoecological study,eight single factors were chosen including thickness,content of marine rocks,content of shallow water carbonate rocks,content of bioclasts with limemud matrix,content of bioclasts with sparry cement,distribution of reefs,content of thin bedded siliceous rocks and content of deep water sedimentary rocks.And eight single factor maps and one lithofacies paleogeographic map of the Changxing Stage were compiled.Paleoenvironments from west to east include an erosional area,fluvial plain,clastic platform,carbonate platform and reefs that developed there,slope and basin,low energy organic banks,and high energy organic banks.Sedimentary environments have an obvious control on the development of the source rocks,and the excellent source rocks are developed in the Dalong Formation.Changxing Stage reservoirs should be dominated by the reef and platform surrounding the GuangyuanLiangping Basin rim area,and is the most favorable exploration area of the reef petroleum reservoirs of the Changxing Formation.

Carbon Isotopic Evolution Characteristics and the Geological Significance of the Permian Carbonate Stratotype Section in the Northern Upper-Yangtze Region, Southern China

The Permian global mass extinction events and the eruption of the Emeishan flood basalts in the Upper Yangtze region should display certain responses during the evolution of carbon isotope. In this paper, the Permian carbon isotopic evolution in the Upper Yangtze region is examined through systematic stratotype section sampling and determination of 13 C in the northern Upper-Yangtze regions and Southern China. Additionally, the carbon isotopic evolution response characteristics of the geological events in the region are evaluated, comparing the sea-level changes in the Upper Yangtze region and the global sea-level change curves. Results of this study indicated that the carbon isotopic curves of the Permian in the Upper Yangtze region are characterized by higher background carbonisotope baseline values, with three distinct negative excursions, which are located at the Middle–Late Permian boundary and the late period and end of the Late Permian. The three distinct negative excursions provide an insightful record of the global Permian mass extinction events and the eruption of the Emeishan flood basalts in the Upper Yangtze region. The first negative excursion at the Middle–Late Permian boundary reflected the eruption of the Emeishan flood basalts, a decrease in sea level, and biological extinction events of different genera in varying degrees. The second negative excursion in the Late Permian included a decrease in sea level and large-scale biological replacement events. The third negative excursion of the carbon isotope at the end of the Permian corresponded unusually to a rise rather than a decrease in sea level, and it revealed the largest biological mass extinction event in history.

Sequence Boundary and Sea Level Changes in Western Margin of Upper Yangtze Platform during Permian and Triassic

During Permian and Triassic the western margin of Upper Yangtze platform had experienced an evolution from early rift stage to thermal subsidence and then to foreland basin. The tectonic transformations have resulted in five supersequences and nineteen third-order se- quences.During the rift stage,transgeressive carbonate platform was built up,while in the thermal subsidence stage,regressive carbonate platform with foreslope was formed.The closure of the Garze-Litang narrow oceanic basin resulted in the migration of foreland flexure toward the ctaton.The carbonate ramp in foreland basin setting was formed during the relative sea level rise which was caused by the change in basin volume.

川东北地区二叠系吴家坪组二段页岩储层特征及有利区分布

四川盆地上二叠统吴家坪组海相页岩是页岩气勘探开发的热点层系。通过X射线衍射、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、有机地球化学、低温氮气吸附等分析,对川东北地区二叠系吴家坪组二段海相页岩的沉积相展布、储层及烃源岩特征进行了分析,明确了储层发育的主控因素,并对储层发育有利区进行了预测。研究结果表明:①川东北地区吴二段的沉积受海平面上升和裂陷发育的影响,主要为深水陆棚相,在达州—开江—万州—忠县一带沿北西—南东方向呈连通条带状展布。②研究区吴二段页岩储层中矿物组成复杂,脆性矿物含量较高,平均质量分数为67.9%;与四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩相似,研究区的石英具有生物成因特征而呈絮凝状,草莓状黄铁矿粒径均较小(小于6.0μm),指示沉积水体为还原环境,有利于有机质的富集;页岩储层平均孔隙度为4.11%,孔隙类型包括有机质孔隙、粒内孔隙、粒间孔隙及微裂缝,孔隙结构以狭缝孔为主,中孔对孔体积的贡献率最大。③研究区吴二段烃源岩具有高TOC含量、高成熟度特征,TOC平均值为4.80%,R_(o)平均值为2.53%,达到过成熟阶段,干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ型,具有良好的生气潜力,基本达到Ⅰ类页岩气储层标准。④研究区吴二段储层主要受控于沉积环境和成岩改造作用,深水陆棚沉积环境有利于页岩储层的形成,石英的抗压保孔作用和有机质生烃作用是页岩储层形成的关键,石英含量、TOC含量和孔隙度均呈正相关关系;开江—梁平、万州地区为吴二段有利页岩储层分布区。

Distribution and gas-bearing properties of Permian igneous rocks in Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the analysis of outcrop, seismic, logging and drilling data, combined with exploration practice, the characteristics,distribution, reservoir performance and gas-bearing properties of Permian igneous rocks in Sichuan Basin are studied. The study shows that central volcanic eruptive facies are developed in Sichuan Basin, and their lithological assemblages and distribution characteristics show obvious differences. The igneous rocks are mainly distributed in three regions: the southwestern part of the basin has dominantly largescale overflow facies basalts; the central and western part of the basin, Jianyang-Santai area, develop intrusive rocks, volcanic lavas(basalts)and pyroclastic rocks; and the eastern part of Sichuan, Dazhou-Liangping area, only develop diabase and basalts. Five aspects of understandings are achieved:(1) The Upper Permian igneous rocks can be divided into intrusive rocks and extrusive rocks, with the extrusive rocks as the main body. The chemical compositions of the extrusive rocks are characterized by both alkaline basalt and tholeiitic basalt, and belong to the subalkaline type of transitional basalt magma eruption.(2) There are obvious rhythmic structures vertically among overflow facies basalt, and the single rhythmic layer consists of, from bottom up, pyroclastic rocks(undeveloped), gray and dark gray porphyritic basalts(unstable), dark gray and purple microcrystalline-cryptocrystalline basalts, dark greyish green porous and amygdaloid basalts; the central volcanic eruption shows the rhythm and the vertical sequence of volcanic clastic rocks(agglomerates and breccias), volcanic lava, tuffaceous lava from bottom to top.(3) The pore types of basalt and pyroclastic rocks are diverse, mainly dissolution pore and de-vitrification micropore, but their physical properties are different. Basalt is characterized by ultra-low pore permeability, small reservoir thickness, and reservoirs are distributed in the upper and middle parts of the cycle, with poor lateral comparability. Volcanic clastic rocks are medium to high porous reservoirs(Well YT1: porosity: 8.66%?16.48%, average 13.76%) with large thickness and good reservoir quality.(4) Natural gas in basalts in southwestern basin mainly comes from Middle Permian, and natural gas in volcanic clastic rocks in central and western basin comes from Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation.(5) Analysis of igneous reservoir-forming conditions in different areas shows that there are relatively insufficient gas sources and great differences in preservation conditions in southwestern basin.Reservoirs are poorly developed and gas-bearing is complex. The Jianyang-Santai area in the central and western part of Sichuan Basin has abundant hydrocarbon sources, developed reservoir, favorable preservation conditions and favorable gas geological conditions, and it is a favorable area for gas exploration.

川东红星地区中上二叠统页岩气勘探成果及方向展望

基于构造、岩心、测井等资料,采用电镜扫描、低温N_(2)吸附实验、高压压汞实验、盆地模拟等手段,系统分析了川东红星地区中上二叠统页岩的沉积演化、储层特征及页岩气富集模式,明确了勘探有利区,总结了勘探成果及意义。研究结果表明:(1)红星地区中上二叠统的沉积演化表现为:栖霞组—茅口组三段为开阔台地相;茅四段底部为台地-陆棚相,相带变化快,茅四段顶部为斜坡-陆棚相,地层被剥蚀、南厚北薄;吴家坪组一段(吴一段)底部为海陆过渡滨岸沼泽-潟湖相,吴一段顶部为台地-斜坡-陆棚相,斜坡-陆棚相带分布范围小、相变快;吴二段为斜坡-陆棚相沉积,从早至晚依次受控于古气候、火山活动和古气候、火山活动,沉积中—晚期古生产力较高,TOC均值大于8.00%。(2)研究区茅四段及吴二段陆棚相区发育2套优质页岩,具有“高有机碳-高灰质”的特征,富有机质页岩厚度分别为19 m和25 m,孔隙类型以有机孔为主,结构以微孔和介孔为主;富碳凝灰岩薄夹层混合质页岩岩相、高碳凝灰岩薄夹层硅质页岩为优质岩相,孔隙度分别为6.27%和6.43%,TOC值分别为10.11%和9.35%,含气饱和度分别为92.59%和91.81%,脆性指数分别为55.24%和61.19%,是地质和工程的双“甜点”段。(3)研究区二叠系广泛发育的层状藻为主要有机质来源;在侏罗纪主排烃期,其构造稳定、二叠系烃源岩排烃较少,中侏罗纪—早白垩纪早期为主生气期,构造活动较弱,页岩气的保存条件好,现今已完成生气过程,处于成熟—过成熟阶段,Ro值约2.1%,勘探潜力巨大。(4)建南、龙驹坝、三星区块为有利勘探区,其中建南区块潜力最大;茅四段(3)小层及吴二段(3)小层为优质层系的靶窗层段。

筠连地区上二叠统乐平组层序地层及沉积相研究

四川南部筠连地区乐平组煤层气资源储量大,勘探程度总体较低,制约了煤及煤系气资源的开采。煤层聚集、砂岩储层展布受控于沉积相及层序地层格架控制。为探究研究区内煤层发育特征及煤层聚集的沉积控因,以钻井和岩心资料为基础,利用层序地层学原理,识别出区内乐平组发育的Ⅲ级层序界面并划分层序,构建层序地层格架;厘清研究区含煤地层名称;利用岩相标志及测井响应特征进行地层对比、单井沉积相划分及连井沉积相对比,明确沉积相在各层序内的发育特征。结果表明,研究区乐平组共存在四个层序界面,依据四个层序界面划分出三个Ⅲ级层序。以测井响应特征为主体,共识别出两类沉积相,五类沉积亚相及九类沉积微相。第一层序(SQ1)和第二层序(SQ2)主要发育河流相,第三层序(SQ3)发育潮坪相。在剖面上,整体表现为由河流相至潮坪相的演化特征;自西向东体现为河流-潮坪-潟湖相的演化趋势。

银额盆地苏红图坳陷MSD1井二叠系地层厘定及油气地质意义

长久以来,由于银额盆地覆盖区二叠系地层特征认识不清,致使盆地内钻井揭示的油气产层地质时代存在争议。本次研究利用银额盆地苏红图坳陷MSD1井下部井段岩心样品开展了孢粉学、矿物学、锆石年代学等研究工作,结合盆地内钻井、地震测线及地表露头资料开展地层对比,取得了以下认识:(1)苏红图坳陷MSD1井2669.00~2726.00 m井段内发现的Florinites,Vesicaspora,Striatoabieites,Vittatina和Hamiapollenites等孢粉分子,且碎屑岩薄片显微镜下见腕足、海百合、苔藓虫等零散生物碎屑分布,均指示该段地层为上二叠统哈尔苏海组,时代为二叠纪晚期。(2)结合钻井时井深标定及地震层位追踪,明确银额盆地二叠系在盆地覆盖区广泛分布,二叠系地震反射呈现弱反射–空白反射、中–弱振幅、层内连续性差、底界偶见强振幅连续界线的特征,反映二叠系沉积后经历了多期构造改造作用。(3)盆地内多口钻井发现白垩系、二叠系的两套含油气系统,钻井烃源岩地球化学特征显示银额盆地二叠系具有丰富的油气勘探潜力。综合研究认为,银额盆地二叠系原型盆地分布范围广、油气资源潜力丰富,后期构造改造分区性强,局部地区构造破坏严重,MSD1井二叠系古生物地层学、锆石年代学、岩石矿物学及地球物理学地层特征的发现,实现了盆地露头区与覆盖区二叠系特征对比统一,明确了银额盆地二叠系的油气勘探前景。

准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷二叠系上乌尔禾组砂砾岩储层特征及发育模式

准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷二叠系上乌尔禾组砂砾岩具有较大的油气勘探潜力,目前存在的砂砾岩储层特征以及成储机制不清晰等问题,严重制约了对该类储层的勘探。利用显微薄片、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等对准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷上乌尔禾组砂砾岩储层特征、主控因素以及成储模式进行了系统研究。结果表明:上乌尔禾组砂砾岩具有“双填隙物”特征,砾石间主要被较粗的砂质组分填隙,胶结作用主要发生于砂质组分之间;砂砾岩孔隙度低,砾石中基本不发育孔隙,砂质填隙物中孔隙较发育,储集空间主要为晶间孔和次生溶孔;与储层形成有关的成岩演化现象主要发生在砾石之间的粗填隙物砂质组分中,主要为铝硅酸盐矿物的溶蚀作用,形成较多的溶蚀孔隙;河口坝、水下分流河道等高能沉积微相中储层更发育,储集空间主要与长石溶蚀有关,裂缝、不整合面是酸性流体运移的主要通道;早成岩期酸性流体主要为沿不整合面下渗的大气水,尤其是靠近北三台凸起的区域大气淡水溶蚀更为显著,中成岩期主要为有机酸溶蚀;砂砾岩中发育大气酸溶蚀型、有机酸溶蚀型和双源酸叠加溶蚀型等3类储层,不同类型储层分布决定了阜康凹陷上乌尔禾组砂砾岩油气藏的勘探方向,斜坡区、凹陷区的砂砾岩+断裂发育叠合区是阜康凹陷上乌尔禾组砂砾岩油气勘探的重点方向。