Gershgorin and Rayleigh Bounds on the Eigenvalues of the Finite-Element Global Matrices via Optimal Similarity Transformations

The large finite element global stiffness matrix is an algebraic, discreet, even-order, differential operator of zero row sums. Direct application of the, practically convenient, readily applied, Gershgorin’s eigenvalue bounding theorem to this matrix inherently fails to foresee its positive definiteness, predictably, and routinely failing to produce a nontrivial lower bound on the least eigenvalue of this, theoretically assured to be positive definite, matrix. Considered here are practical methods for producing an optimal similarity transformation for the finite-elements global stiffness matrix, following which non trivial, realistic, lower bounds on the least eigenvalue can be located, then further improved. The technique is restricted here to the common case of a global stiffness matrix having only non-positive off-diagonal entries. For such a matrix application of the Gershgorin bounding method may be carried out by a mere matrix vector multiplication.

BLOW-UP AND LIFE SPAN ESTIMATES FOR A CLASS OF NONLINEAR DEGENERATE PARABOLIC SYSTEM WITH TIME-DEPENDENT COEFFICIENTS

This paper deals with the singularity and global regularity tor a class oI nonlinear porous medium system with time-dependent coefficients under homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. First, by comparison principle, some global regularity results are established. Secondly, using some differential inequality technique, we investigate the blow-up solution to the initial-boundary value problem. Furthermore, upper and lower bounds for the maximum blow-up time under some appropriate hypotheses are derived as long as blow-up Occurs.

Charge density at the nucleus and radial behavior of ground state for lithium-like ions with Z=21 to 30

By using the full-core plus correlation （FCPC） type wave functions, the accurate charge densities p（0） at the nucleus and the radial expectation values of the ground states for the lithium-like systems with Z =- 21 to 30 are obtained. The determinantal conditions and the electron-nucleus cusp condition are used to calculate the inequalities of the upper and the lower bounds to p（0） with two or more expectation values. These inequalities, derived by Angulo and Dehesa [Phys. Rev. A 44 1516 （1991）], are verified to be also valid for these ions with higher nuclear charge. The present results show that the wave functions used in this paper are satisfactory in the whole configuration space for these ions with higher nuclear charge.

Bounds on the overall properties of composites with ellipsoidal inclusions

A new model is put forward to bound the effective elastic moduli of composites with ellipsoidal inclusions. In the present paper, transition layer for each ellipsoidal inclusion is introduced to make the trial displacement field for the upper bound and the trial stress field for the lower bound satisfy the continuous interface conditions which are absolutely necessary for the application of variational principles. According to the principles of minimum potential energy and minimum complementary energy, the upper and lower bounds on the effective elastic moduli of composites with ellipsoidal inclusions are rigorously derived. The effects of the distribution and geometric parameters of ellipsoidal in- clusions on the bounds of the effective elastic moduli are an- alyzed in details. The present upper and lower bounds are still finite when the bulk and shear moduli of ellipsoidal inclusions tend to infinity and zero, respectively. It should be mentioned that the present method is simple and needs not calculate the complex integrals of multi-point correlation functions. Meanwhile, the present paper provides an entirely different way to bound the effective elastic moduli of composites with ellipsoidal inclusions, which can be developed to obtain a series of bounds by taking different trial displacement and stress fields.

A NEW METHOD FOR THE UNCERTAIN RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES WITH UNCERTAIN PARAMETERS

A computing method for estimating the upper and lower bounds of the response of structures with uncertainties is presented. The uncertain parameters are described by the convex model. A numerical example of the frame structure is given to illustrate the effectiveness of this method.

THE UNCERTAIN EIGENVALUES ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES WITH UNCERTAIN PARAMETERS

This paper presents a method for estimating the upper and lowerbounds of eigenvalues of structures with uncertainties. The uncertainparameters re described by the convex model. A numerical ex- ample ofthe frame structure is given to illustrate the efficiency of themethod.

Quantum uncertainty relations of Tsallis relative α entropy coherence based on MUBs

In this paper,we discuss quantum uncertainty relations of Tsallis relative α entropy coherence for a single qubit system based on three mutually unbiased bases.For α∈[1/2,1)U(1,2],the upper and lower bounds of sums of coherence are obtained.However,the above results cannot be verified directly for any α∈(0,1/2).Hence,we only consider the special case of α=1/n+1,where n is a positive integer,and we obtain the upper and lower bounds.By comparing the upper and lower bounds,we find that the upper bound is equal to the lower bound for the special α=1/2,and the differences between the upper and the lower bounds will increase as α increases.Furthermore,we discuss the tendency of the sum of coherence,and find that it has the same tendency with respect to the different θ or φ,which is opposite to the uncertainty relations based on the Rényi entropy and Tsallis entropy.

Modeling limit force capacities of high force to volume lead extrusion dampers

Lead extrusion dampers are supplemental energy-dissipation devices that are used to mitigate seismic structural damage.Small volumetric sizes and high force capacities define high-force-to-volume(HF2V)devices,which can absorb significant response energy without sacrificial damage.However,the design of such devices for specific force capacities has proven difficult based on the complexities of their internal reaction mechanisms,leading to the adoption of empirical approaches.This study developed upper-and lower-bound force capacity estimates from analytical mechanics based on direct and indirect metal extrusion for guiding design.The derived equations are strictly functions of HF2V device geometric parameters,lead material properties,and extrusion mechanics.The upper-bound estimates from direct and indirect extrusion are denoted as(F_(UB,1),F_(UB,2))and(F_(UB,3),F_(UB,4)),respectively,and the lower-bound estimates are denoted as(F_(LB),F_(LB,1))based on the combination of extrusion and friction forces.The proposed models were validated by comparing the predicted bounds to experimental force capacity data from 15 experimental HF2V device tests.The experimental device forces all lie above the lower-bound estimates(F_(LB),F_(LB,1))and below the upper-bound estimates(F_(UB,1),F_(UB,2),F_(UB,4)).Overall,the(F_(LB),F_(UB,2))pair provides wider bounds and the(F_(LB,1),F_(UB,4)/F_(UB,1))pair provides narrower bounds.The(F_(LB,1),F_(UB,1))pair has a mean lower-bound gap of 36%,meaning the lower bound was 74%of the actual device force on average.The mean upper-bound gap was 33%.The bulge area and cylinder diameter of HF2V devices are key parameters affecting device forces.These relatively tight bounds provide useful mechanics-based predictive design guides for ensuring that device forces are within the targeted design range after manufacturing.