With the widespread adoption of ultrasound guidance,Seldinger puncture techniques,and intracardiac electrical positioning technology for the placement of peripherally inserted central catheters in recent years,an incr...With the widespread adoption of ultrasound guidance,Seldinger puncture techniques,and intracardiac electrical positioning technology for the placement of peripherally inserted central catheters in recent years,an increasing number of medical staff and patients now accept peripheral placement of totally implantable venous access devices(TIVADs)in the upper arm.This approach has the advantage of completely avoiding the risks of hemothorax,pneumothorax,and neck and chest scarring.Medical specialties presently engaged in this study in China include internal medicine,surgery,anesthesiology,and interventional departments.However,command over implantation techniques,treatment of complications,and proper use and maintenance of TIVAD remain uneven among different medical units.Moreover,currently,there are no established quality control standards for implantation techniques or specifications for handling complications.Thus,this expert consensus is proposed to improve the success rate of TIVAD implantation via the upper-arm approach,reduce complication rates,and ensure patient safety.This consensus elaborates on the technical indications and contraindications,procedures and technical points,treatment of complications,and the use and maintenance of upper-arm TIVAD,thus providing a practical reference for medical staff.展开更多
An inflatable cuff wrapped around the upper arm is widely used in noninvasive blood pressure measurement.However, the mechanical interaction between cuff and arm tissues, a factor that potentially affects the accuracy...An inflatable cuff wrapped around the upper arm is widely used in noninvasive blood pressure measurement.However, the mechanical interaction between cuff and arm tissues, a factor that potentially affects the accuracy of noninvasive blood pressure measurement, remains rarely addressed. In the present study, finite element(FE) models were constructed to quantify intra-arm stresses generated by cuff compression, aiming to provide some theoretical evidence for identifying factors of importance for blood pressure measurement or explaining clinical observations. Obtained results showed that the simulated tissue stresses were highly sensitive to the distribution of cuff pressure on the arm surface and the contact condition between muscle and bone. In contrast, the magnitude of cuff pressure and small variations in elastic properties of arm soft tissues had little influence on the efficiency of pressure transmission in arm tissues. In particular, it was found that a thickened subcutaneous fat layer in obese subjects significantly reduced the effective pressure transmitted to the brachial artery, which may explain why blood pressure overestimation occurs more frequently in obese subjects in noninvasive blood pressure measurement.展开更多
The dietary diversity score (DDS) and the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) can be used to assess nutritional status. The <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;&q...The dietary diversity score (DDS) and the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) can be used to assess nutritional status. The <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">DDS</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is a qualitative measure of food consumption reflecting an individual’s access to different food items and therefore a proxy indicator of the nutritional status. The aim of the study was to assess whether the dietary diversity score and MUAC can be used to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women attending antenatal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Chilenje level I Hospital in a township located in Lusaka city, Lusaka province. The study employed quantitative methods to collect and analyse data on the dietary patterns of individuals in the previous 24 hours before the survey. Health facilities were ran</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">domly selected and systematic sampling was used to select a sample of 299 pregnant women. An interview schedule was used to collect data. Median an</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d interquartile range were used to compare demographic data. Spearman’s Correlation for two continuous variables was used to establish associations between DDS and the MUAC. The median age was 27 years. About 44% of the women were in the lowest dietary diversity category, indicating inadequate nutrient intake, 31% in the medium category and 24% in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the high intake. Dietary diversity score was negatively correlated with mid</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">uppe</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">r arm circumference (p = 0.1295). However, most of the women in the lower dietary diversity score category (75%) had a high mid-upper arm circumference meaning that their nutritional status was good. Dietary diversity score can be used to predict malnutrition in pregnant women. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The mid</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">upper arm circumference</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was negatively correlated with the 24hour dietary diversity score implying that we might not rely on this measurement to assess the nutritional status.</span></span></span>展开更多
Background:Upper arm composition is a reflection of body protein and calorie reserves.However,there is a paucity of data on upper arm composition of children from African countries,including Nigeria.This study aimed t...Background:Upper arm composition is a reflection of body protein and calorie reserves.However,there is a paucity of data on upper arm composition of children from African countries,including Nigeria.This study aimed to determine the composition of upper arm and nutritional status of school children in Abeokuta,Nigeria and to compare with international reference standards.The sensitivity and specifi city of upper arm muscle area by height(UAMAH)as a nutritional assessment tool was also determined.Methods:Five hundred and seventy children aged 5 to 19 years were selected from seven schools using multistage random sampling.Weight,height,mid-upper arm circumference(MUAC)and triceps skin fold thickness(TSF)were measured.Body mass index,upper arm muscle area(UAMA),upper arm fat area(UAFA),fat percentage and UAMAH were derived.Results:The TSF,UAFA and fat percentage were significantly higher in females than males at each age group.MUAC and UAMA were significantly higher in female children aged 10-14 years,whereas UAMA was significantly higher in male children aged 15-19 years.UAMA and UAFA of the children were lower than those of Americans but similar to those of Zimbabweans,and higher than those of Indians.The sensitivity and specifi city of UAMAH for detecting wasting were 80.8%and 63.9%,respectively,whereas the corresponding values for stunting were 32.2%and 58.2%,respectively.Conclusions:The school children studied have a combination of poor calorie and protein reserve.UAMAH may be a valuable tool for complete evaluation of the nutritional status of school children.展开更多
Statement of the Problem: Upper limb hemiparesis is a common impairment underlying disability after Stroke. Transfer of treatment to daily functioning remains a question for traditional approaches used in treatment of...Statement of the Problem: Upper limb hemiparesis is a common impairment underlying disability after Stroke. Transfer of treatment to daily functioning remains a question for traditional approaches used in treatment of upper extremity hemiparesis. Approaches based on Motor Learning principles may facilitate the transfer of treatment to activities of daily living. Methodology: Forty one subjects with chronic stroke, attending department of occupational therapy, National Institute for the Orthopaedically Handicapped, Kolkata, West Bengal, India participated in a single blinded randomized pre-test and post-test control group training study. Subjects were randomized over three intervention groups receiving modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (n = 13), Bilateral Arm training (n = 14), and an equally intensive conventional treatment program (n = 14). Subjects in the bilateral arm training group participated in bilateral symmetrical activities, where as subjects in constraint induced movement therapy group performed functional activities with the affected arm only and conventional group received conventional Occupational Therapy. Each group received intensive training for 1 hour/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Pre-treatment and post-treatment measures included the Fugl-Meyer measurement of physical performance (FMA- upper extremity section), action research arm test, motor activity log. Assessments were administered by a rater blinded to group assignment. Result: Both m-CIMT (p = 0.01) and bilateral arm training (p = 0.01) group showed statistically significant improvement in upper extremity functioning on Action Research Arm Test score in comparison to the conventional therapy group (p = 0.33). The bilateral arm training group had significantly greater improvement in upper arm function (Proximal Fugl-Meyer Assessment score, p = 0.001);while the constraint induced movement therapy group had greater improvement of hand functions (Distal Fugl-Meyer Assessment score, p = 0.001. There is an improvement seen in Quality of movement in the Conventional Therapy group. (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Both the treatment techniques can be used for upper extremity management in patients with chronic stroke. Bilateral arm training may be used to improve upper arm function and m-CIMT may be used to improve hand functions, while the group that received modified constraint induced movement therapy had greater improvement.展开更多
With the widespread application of WIFI networks and embedded system technology, the device monitoring system based on Embedded System and wireless network came into being. In this paper, we introduce a device monitor...With the widespread application of WIFI networks and embedded system technology, the device monitoring system based on Embedded System and wireless network came into being. In this paper, we introduce a device monitoring system based on ARM upper computer and WIFI transmission, and we tested this system on workshop equipment. The hardware adopts ARM Cortex-A8 processor architecture of TI company as the main control chip, using IAC-335X-Kit development board for system design, external USB camera module and WIFI wireless module for video capture and data transmission. The software is based on embedded Linux as the platform. The system will collect production data accurately and objectively, and the statistical analysis. At the same time, the system uses QT to develop the upper computer software GUI interface. Compared with the traditional system based on the wired network, our design is more convenient and flexible, which reduces the implementation restriction and maintenance cost of traditional network cabling.展开更多
The objective of the work is to investigate the classifcation of different movements based on the surface electromyogram(SEMG)pattern recognition method.The testing was conducted for four arm movements using several e...The objective of the work is to investigate the classifcation of different movements based on the surface electromyogram(SEMG)pattern recognition method.The testing was conducted for four arm movements using several experiments with artificial neural network class fication scheme.Six time domain features were extracted and consequently dlassification was implemented using back propagation neural dassifier(BPNC).Further,the realization of projected network was verified using cross validation(CV)process;hence ANOVA algorithm was carried out.Performance of the network is analyzed by considering mean square error(MSE)value.A comparison was performed between the extracted feat ures and back propagation network results reported in the literature.The concurrent result indicates the significance of proposed network with classification accuracy(CA)of 100%recorded from two channels,while analysis of variance technique helps in investigating the effectiveness of classified sigmal for recognition tasks.展开更多
文摘With the widespread adoption of ultrasound guidance,Seldinger puncture techniques,and intracardiac electrical positioning technology for the placement of peripherally inserted central catheters in recent years,an increasing number of medical staff and patients now accept peripheral placement of totally implantable venous access devices(TIVADs)in the upper arm.This approach has the advantage of completely avoiding the risks of hemothorax,pneumothorax,and neck and chest scarring.Medical specialties presently engaged in this study in China include internal medicine,surgery,anesthesiology,and interventional departments.However,command over implantation techniques,treatment of complications,and proper use and maintenance of TIVAD remain uneven among different medical units.Moreover,currently,there are no established quality control standards for implantation techniques or specifications for handling complications.Thus,this expert consensus is proposed to improve the success rate of TIVAD implantation via the upper-arm approach,reduce complication rates,and ensure patient safety.This consensus elaborates on the technical indications and contraindications,procedures and technical points,treatment of complications,and the use and maintenance of upper-arm TIVAD,thus providing a practical reference for medical staff.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 81370438)the SJTU Medical-Engineering Cross-cutting Research Project (Grant YG2015MS53)supported by the Hui-Chun Chin and Tsung-Dao Lee Chinese Undergraduate Research Program Endowment
文摘An inflatable cuff wrapped around the upper arm is widely used in noninvasive blood pressure measurement.However, the mechanical interaction between cuff and arm tissues, a factor that potentially affects the accuracy of noninvasive blood pressure measurement, remains rarely addressed. In the present study, finite element(FE) models were constructed to quantify intra-arm stresses generated by cuff compression, aiming to provide some theoretical evidence for identifying factors of importance for blood pressure measurement or explaining clinical observations. Obtained results showed that the simulated tissue stresses were highly sensitive to the distribution of cuff pressure on the arm surface and the contact condition between muscle and bone. In contrast, the magnitude of cuff pressure and small variations in elastic properties of arm soft tissues had little influence on the efficiency of pressure transmission in arm tissues. In particular, it was found that a thickened subcutaneous fat layer in obese subjects significantly reduced the effective pressure transmitted to the brachial artery, which may explain why blood pressure overestimation occurs more frequently in obese subjects in noninvasive blood pressure measurement.
文摘The dietary diversity score (DDS) and the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) can be used to assess nutritional status. The <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">DDS</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:'Minion Pro Capt','serif';"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is a qualitative measure of food consumption reflecting an individual’s access to different food items and therefore a proxy indicator of the nutritional status. The aim of the study was to assess whether the dietary diversity score and MUAC can be used to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women attending antenatal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Chilenje level I Hospital in a township located in Lusaka city, Lusaka province. The study employed quantitative methods to collect and analyse data on the dietary patterns of individuals in the previous 24 hours before the survey. Health facilities were ran</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">domly selected and systematic sampling was used to select a sample of 299 pregnant women. An interview schedule was used to collect data. Median an</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d interquartile range were used to compare demographic data. Spearman’s Correlation for two continuous variables was used to establish associations between DDS and the MUAC. The median age was 27 years. About 44% of the women were in the lowest dietary diversity category, indicating inadequate nutrient intake, 31% in the medium category and 24% in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the high intake. Dietary diversity score was negatively correlated with mid</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">uppe</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">r arm circumference (p = 0.1295). However, most of the women in the lower dietary diversity score category (75%) had a high mid-upper arm circumference meaning that their nutritional status was good. Dietary diversity score can be used to predict malnutrition in pregnant women. </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The mid</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">upper arm circumference</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was negatively correlated with the 24hour dietary diversity score implying that we might not rely on this measurement to assess the nutritional status.</span></span></span>
基金supported by the Federal Medical Centre,Abeokuta,Nigeria.
文摘Background:Upper arm composition is a reflection of body protein and calorie reserves.However,there is a paucity of data on upper arm composition of children from African countries,including Nigeria.This study aimed to determine the composition of upper arm and nutritional status of school children in Abeokuta,Nigeria and to compare with international reference standards.The sensitivity and specifi city of upper arm muscle area by height(UAMAH)as a nutritional assessment tool was also determined.Methods:Five hundred and seventy children aged 5 to 19 years were selected from seven schools using multistage random sampling.Weight,height,mid-upper arm circumference(MUAC)and triceps skin fold thickness(TSF)were measured.Body mass index,upper arm muscle area(UAMA),upper arm fat area(UAFA),fat percentage and UAMAH were derived.Results:The TSF,UAFA and fat percentage were significantly higher in females than males at each age group.MUAC and UAMA were significantly higher in female children aged 10-14 years,whereas UAMA was significantly higher in male children aged 15-19 years.UAMA and UAFA of the children were lower than those of Americans but similar to those of Zimbabweans,and higher than those of Indians.The sensitivity and specifi city of UAMAH for detecting wasting were 80.8%and 63.9%,respectively,whereas the corresponding values for stunting were 32.2%and 58.2%,respectively.Conclusions:The school children studied have a combination of poor calorie and protein reserve.UAMAH may be a valuable tool for complete evaluation of the nutritional status of school children.
文摘Statement of the Problem: Upper limb hemiparesis is a common impairment underlying disability after Stroke. Transfer of treatment to daily functioning remains a question for traditional approaches used in treatment of upper extremity hemiparesis. Approaches based on Motor Learning principles may facilitate the transfer of treatment to activities of daily living. Methodology: Forty one subjects with chronic stroke, attending department of occupational therapy, National Institute for the Orthopaedically Handicapped, Kolkata, West Bengal, India participated in a single blinded randomized pre-test and post-test control group training study. Subjects were randomized over three intervention groups receiving modified Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (n = 13), Bilateral Arm training (n = 14), and an equally intensive conventional treatment program (n = 14). Subjects in the bilateral arm training group participated in bilateral symmetrical activities, where as subjects in constraint induced movement therapy group performed functional activities with the affected arm only and conventional group received conventional Occupational Therapy. Each group received intensive training for 1 hour/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Pre-treatment and post-treatment measures included the Fugl-Meyer measurement of physical performance (FMA- upper extremity section), action research arm test, motor activity log. Assessments were administered by a rater blinded to group assignment. Result: Both m-CIMT (p = 0.01) and bilateral arm training (p = 0.01) group showed statistically significant improvement in upper extremity functioning on Action Research Arm Test score in comparison to the conventional therapy group (p = 0.33). The bilateral arm training group had significantly greater improvement in upper arm function (Proximal Fugl-Meyer Assessment score, p = 0.001);while the constraint induced movement therapy group had greater improvement of hand functions (Distal Fugl-Meyer Assessment score, p = 0.001. There is an improvement seen in Quality of movement in the Conventional Therapy group. (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Both the treatment techniques can be used for upper extremity management in patients with chronic stroke. Bilateral arm training may be used to improve upper arm function and m-CIMT may be used to improve hand functions, while the group that received modified constraint induced movement therapy had greater improvement.
文摘With the widespread application of WIFI networks and embedded system technology, the device monitoring system based on Embedded System and wireless network came into being. In this paper, we introduce a device monitoring system based on ARM upper computer and WIFI transmission, and we tested this system on workshop equipment. The hardware adopts ARM Cortex-A8 processor architecture of TI company as the main control chip, using IAC-335X-Kit development board for system design, external USB camera module and WIFI wireless module for video capture and data transmission. The software is based on embedded Linux as the platform. The system will collect production data accurately and objectively, and the statistical analysis. At the same time, the system uses QT to develop the upper computer software GUI interface. Compared with the traditional system based on the wired network, our design is more convenient and flexible, which reduces the implementation restriction and maintenance cost of traditional network cabling.
文摘The objective of the work is to investigate the classifcation of different movements based on the surface electromyogram(SEMG)pattern recognition method.The testing was conducted for four arm movements using several experiments with artificial neural network class fication scheme.Six time domain features were extracted and consequently dlassification was implemented using back propagation neural dassifier(BPNC).Further,the realization of projected network was verified using cross validation(CV)process;hence ANOVA algorithm was carried out.Performance of the network is analyzed by considering mean square error(MSE)value.A comparison was performed between the extracted feat ures and back propagation network results reported in the literature.The concurrent result indicates the significance of proposed network with classification accuracy(CA)of 100%recorded from two channels,while analysis of variance technique helps in investigating the effectiveness of classified sigmal for recognition tasks.