Characteristic and Functions of Architectural Cultures in Traditional Villages of Ningbo

Further promotion of urbanization has resulted in the broken integrity of architectural environment and cultural system of traditional villages, and some traditional villages with historical architectural styles have been on the verge of extinction. Against the background of building "beautiful Zhejiang and good life", Ningbo City has to optimize the livable environment continuously, integrate natural, humanistic, green, characteristic and comfortable elements into the beautiful countryside construction, thus it is urgent to explore the cultural characteristics and functions of architectural environment in traditional villages. Cultural characteristics and functions of architectural environment in traditional villages of Ningbo should be more systematic, legalized, and scientific. This paper reviewed concepts and cultural connotations of traditional villages, and integrated cultural characteristics and functions of regional architectural environment in traditional villages of Ningbo, and provided references for theoretic researches on the formation of characteristic regional architectural cultures in traditional villages of Ningbo.

Research on Development of Architectural Culture in Meizhu Town,Anhui Province of China

From the perspective of formation,development and connotation of Wu-Yue cultures cultural characteristics of Wu-Yue architecture were systematically summarized as integrated architectural layout and water,proper combination of architecture,religion and culture,unified architectural language,elegant colors,plain building materials and exquisite craft;spiritual peculiarity of Wu-Yue Culture was concluded as inclusive and tolerant,simple but clever;practical and truthful,pioneering and self-transcending.Orientations for architectural style of Meizhu Town were proposed as orderly and rhythmic layouts,abandoning redundancy and pursuing concision,elegant and comfortable,natural and harmonious,proper innovations.

Inheritance of Traditional Architectural Culture in the Construction of Characteristic Towns: A Case Study of Qianhouwan Village History and Culture Exhibition Hall in Sanjiang Town, Nanchang County

The construction of characteristic towns is in full swing under the guidance of policies.There have been many outstanding achievements,but many problems are also exposed.Especially for towns with traditional ancient villages,when characteristic towns are built,there is not enough attention to the original traditional architectural culture,or the style is inconsistent and uncoordinated after construction.Based on this,taking the construction of history and culture exhibition hall of Qianhouwan Village in Sanjiang Town of Nanchang County as an example,this paper introduces the design and actual construction situation,and elaborates the inheritance of traditional architectural culture under the background of characteristic town construction in Sanjiang Town.

Combination of Local Culture and Landscape in Urban Plaza Design——A Case Study of Yingmeng Plaza Design in Zitong County, Mianyang City of China

Taking the design of Yingmeng Plaza in Zitong County, Mianyang City for example, location feature and overall design objective were analyzed on the basis of design background. By analyzing the theme of Yingmeng Plaza, design principles were proposed as "based on overall functions, fully considering users' needs, showing characteristics of a tourist city and cultural city". Guided by the overall planar layout, the whole plaza was classified into 5 functional areas to highlight its landscape structure of "four centers, four axes, two districts and two belts". By following the concept of "Beginning of a dream- Expectations of the dream-Transition of the dream-Dream coming true", and considering theme and design principles of Yingmeng Plaza, design concepts of its major scenic spots were elaborated.

On Characteristics and Cultures of the Hakka's Enclosed Houses in South Jiangxi Province

General situation and distribution of round houses of the Hakka in south Jiangxi were introduced, such architectural styles as enclosed house with a square yard (kouzi wei, in the shape of 口), enclosed house with a yard of three transverse and one longitudinal constructions (guozi wei, in the shape of 国), and enclosed house with a round house in its yard (tao wei) were taken to analyze features of the Hakka's enclosed houses. It was highlighted that the Hakka's enclosed houses in south Jiangxi has diversified architectural styles and outstanding defensive and living functions. Construction art and religious culture shown by the enclosed houses were interpreted, and the branch of Han people with unique dialects, cultures, folk customs and emotional attitudes was proposed as a miniature of the culture in south Jiangxi. Moreover, it was stressed that more attention of the public and more efforts for the protection should be given to the Hakka's cultures in south Jiangxi, carriers of the locals' history over the past thousands of years.

Architecture, Faith and Culture Antagonism or Harmony？

The relationship between architecture and faith has always been of great wealth. Faith as a way of life and social memory exercises a decisive influence on the shape of the construction environment. Yet this relationship is rarely analyzed. On a general level, one reason for this deficiency is probably due to the spread of the ideology of modernity. Given that modernity is implicitly secular, it does not prompt to understand faith in its relationship with other phenomena. It is the same for architecture. We believe on the contrary that the construction environment and the cultural aspect must interact and complement each other. When this is not true or only partially true, this results in user dissatisfaction, and refusal to engage and participate in the process of changing that environment. Many authors have tried to show explicitly the influence of Islamic thought on the social organization and the housing as well as the link between housing and identity, but its implications have not always been understood and transmitted concretely. One thing is certain： the ideological -symbolic-metaphoric sphere is the essence of architecture, as are the program requirements： functionality, distributivity, health of the environment and technology of construction. In this contribution we will address the thorny issue of cultural and religious influences on the choice of the morphology of the habitat and its components, and we will try to highlight the interaction between architecture, faith and culture through analysis of a Mediterranean type ＂House with Patio＂ as a particular architectural style, which has been enriched through the centuries by different cultures. Although the course of this typology in each of these cultures and at different times has not been the same, this has only strengthened the mission and spirit of the ＂Patio＂ until the appropriation of this model by the Arab-Muslim peoples who were able to incorporate the Islamic perception in this space.

Protective Renovation and Cultural Inheritance of Ancient Villages——A Case Study of Hanjiaxiang Village in Chenggu County,Shaanxi Province of China

Cultural characteristics of the traditional architectural environment and places of traditional cultural activities in Hanjiaxiang Village,an immigrant village of the Ming Dynasty located in the present Yuangong Township,Chenggu County of Shaanxi Province,were studied to analyze influence of geographical environment,history and culture,and social environment on the village cultures.Specifically,cultural characteristics of traditional architectural environment in this village were elaborated from spatial layout,architectural structure,architectural style and village landscapes.In terms of places for traditional cultural activities,layouts and cultural characteristics of places for the clan's sacrifice and community's fire,traditional sacrifice activities,and local opera performances were introduced.On this basis,cultural inheritance means for the protective renovation and construction of overall village spaces,village buildings,village landscapes and cultural characteristics were proposed.

Theories and Practices of Remembering Nostalgia in New Urbanization

As the National Conference on New Urbanization proposed, "(new urbanization) should enable residents to see mountains and waters, and remember nostalgia". Nostalgia is a kind of memories and yearning deep in the heart for one's homeland or the place once lived in, it is the softest emotion and also a spiritual need. To keep nostalgia in new urbanization is to preserve history, culture, memories, and humanistic spirits of the homeland, and also to maintain local cultural genes and carry forward rural civilization. The foundation of remembering the nostalgia is to intensify culture protection. And by means of protecting cultural heritage and style of the traditional settlement practically, preserving cultural gene, inheriting cultural memory, creating cultural brand and characteristic landscape etc., the nostalgia can meet the spiritual demands of the residents, such as homesickness, life emotion, historical emotion and cultural emotion in the process of new urbanization. The key of remembering nostalgia is to promote the construction of small characteristic towns. Relying on on-site urbanization, the signifi cant ways of achieving new urbanization are star-studded layout of small towns and the construction of small characteristic tourism town. The construction of Hunan-style Tourism Town is a positive attempt and exploration of remembering nostalgia, and it contributes to the construction of a beautiful and poetic homeland for the human-centered new urbanization.

中国特色城市新型公共文化空间的景观叙事

“新型公共文化空间”是我国公共文化服务迈向高质量发展的重要特征和发展趋势。自2021年文化和旅游部、国家发展改革委、财政部联合发布《关于推动公共文化服务高质量发展的意见》,提出“创新拓展城乡公共文化空间”以来,全国各地掀起了大范围的新型公共文化空间建设热潮。在建设取得突出成效的同时,新型公共文化空间也产生了趋同化、形式化、格式化、过度设计与设计不足等问题。从景观叙事视角探讨新型公共文化空间建设,提出从“本体向度”“时间向度”“空间向度”三重景观叙事向度建设中国特色城市新型公共文化空间,以期延展新型公共文化空间研究视角,促进新时代中国公共文化服务体系的现代化建设与高质量发展。

人工智能赋能城市滨水空间秋季景观特征识别与活力提升——以上海市黄浦江为例

上海市积极深化“一江一河”建设,打造具有全球影响力的世界级滨水空间,以绿化品质提升的“四化”建设为引领,促进季节性景观营造,从而激发滨水空间活力。针对城市滨水空间尺度大、范围广、数据多的特征,以人工智能赋能下滨水秋季景观特征的全覆盖、多时相、数字化识别为核心,以上海市黄浦江滨水空间中心城区段为例,训练滨水空间秋季景观特征识别的深度学习算法构建语义分割模型,实现对实证案例大批量样本数据的秋季景观特征智能化识别与测度;通过基于位置的服务(location-basedservices,LBS)大数据分析手段,量化揭示上海市黄浦江滨水空间中心城区段活力时空分布特征。探索影响城市滨水空间活力的秋季景观特征的关键因素,为城市滨水空间秋季景观的营造与活力激发提供理论依据与技术支撑。

浙江省风景名胜区人文景源分布特征及影响因素研究

风景名胜区在数千年的演进过程中,高度融合了中国大地多样且深厚的传统文化,见证了中华民族几千年的历史文明进程,是最具中国特色的自然保护地。从省域层面探析风景名胜区的人文景源分布特征及影响因素,对于风景名胜区的整体价值认知具有重要意义,有利于中国自然保护地体系完整性保护。以浙江省57个风景名胜区为研究对象,对其人文景源进行统计分析,并将结果呈现到浙江省域空间,总结出浙江省风景名胜区的人文景源和特、一、二级3级人文景源数量的占比特征,以及不同人文景源占比的风景名胜区在浙江省域空间的分布规律,提出风景名胜区人文景源占比与该区域的地形地貌、平原湖泊、政治文化中心、山水游赏活动、宗教活动、军事要隘等因素存在关联关系。

嘉陵江沿线古城“山-水-城”景观特征研究

嘉陵江是长江水系中第二大支流,空间上连接南北丝绸之路,是巴蜀地区重要的文化廊道。在典型山地曲流环境中,其沿线古城蕴含了丰富的山水营建智慧。从自然环境、文化环境、行政建制三方面梳理了嘉陵江沿线古城的形成基础,并以上、中、下游8个古城为例,通过历史文献系统梳理及结合GIS平台的历史地图空间转译,提炼其“山-水-城”景观特征。具体为“宏观格局把控”方面“巴蜀要冲,控扼形胜”的城市选址、“襟江带河,群山四望”的山水格局、“江山聚结,生气聚集”的风水脉络;“中微观空间结构塑造”方面“迎山接水,不拘一格”的城市空间结构、“依形江山,因地制宜”的城市功能营建;以及“沿江山集群,南北人文关联”的“跨尺度风景审美经营”等在地特征,以期为巴蜀文化遗产保护与传承、西南山地宜居城乡建设提供参考。

传承文化的城市活力胜境——安徽省文化馆新馆和非物质文化遗产展示馆方案设计思考

随着政策的推动和传统非遗文化保护需要,文化馆和非物质文化遗产博物馆等文化建筑逐渐演变成一种开放、复合、共享、生态的传统文化学习和日常交往场所。作为一种文化馆和非遗馆两馆合一的项目类型,文章回顾和分析了安徽省文化馆新馆和非遗馆项目的设计思路,并从中总结出能帮助文化馆及非遗馆成为文化、自然、城市活力共构的文化场所的设计策略,为文化馆及非遗博物馆等多馆合一类文化场所的设计提供有益的借鉴与启发。

城市文化特色重塑影响因素与提升研究——以保定“全国书院之城”建设为例

党的十八大以来,党中央和国务院启动了新型城镇化建设,城市文化建设得到加强并从广泛性挖掘转为更加注重自身特色的重塑与提升。河北省保定市作为第二批国家历史文化名城,在其丰富的历史文化资源中深入挖掘“书院”这一特色资源,是政治、经济、历史文化、社会因素共同作用的结果。保定市作为全国范围内率先提出要打造“全国书院之城”的城市,为其他城市文化特色重塑与提升提供了一定的经验启示:地方政府应明确城市未来规划与立法方向、建立健全主体间的协同治理体系、重视机制创新、按照人民城市建设的原则寻找特色文化与其他城市文化品牌的交叉点,在突出特色文化的同时,实现多元城市文化品牌的融合发展。

山西地域佛寺建筑与文化融合的装饰艺术研究

山西佛寺建筑与装饰艺术,特别是在木构建筑技艺与石雕艺术上,巧妙地融合了当地的传统建筑风格和装饰特色,从建筑结构到装饰细节,无不体现出宗教与地方文化的互动与融合。通过对山西多个具有代表性的佛教寺庙的研究,探讨山西佛教建筑在地域文化背景下的独特装饰艺术,展示山西地区如何在佛教建筑与装饰艺术中融入本土文化元素,形成鲜明的地域性特征。

城市荒野的生态与文化价值研究进展

【目的】在当前中国生态文明建设的背景下,城市荒野的生态价值和文化价值日益凸显。理解城市荒野的综合价值可以为城市规划和管理提供重要参考,进而引导城市荒野的保护和恢复工作,促进社区参与和公众教育,提升居民的生活质量和福祉。【方法】在解析城市荒野概念内涵的基础上,聚焦其生态价值与文化价值,对30年来国内外研究进展进行梳理,总结共识,探讨未来可深入推进的方向。【结果】发现学界对城市荒野的理解可归纳为3种倾向:注重特定地点生态特性的城市荒野地、强调居民野性感知的野性体验点、结合生态与体验的城市荒野景观及城市野境。从生态视角来看,不同类型的城市荒野对应着保持或恢复自然主导作用的不同历程,其高度的自我调节能力形成的野性自然为城市提供了多种生态系统服务;从文化视角来看,居民的自然形象、景观偏好和景观体验与城市荒野的意象、评价、求趣与寄情相关联。【结论】基于对城市荒野生态价值与文化价值的辨析,总结出3个方面的联系以供后续研究探讨:1)城市荒野的动态演变是促进荒野感知的关键特征;2)城市荒野以自然过程为主导的特征对文化感知具有双重作用;3)生态与文化视角的融合共同影响着城市荒野生态系统的稳定性和发展前景。可为风景园林领域的从业者和研究者提出建议。

云南彝族地区不同城镇化水平区域的古树遗留特征

古树是指树龄在100年以上,因受人类文化影响而保存下来的自然资源,被誉为“绿色文物”,是学者研究区域植被和民族文化变迁的重要依据。为探讨城镇化发展对区域古树遗留特征的影响,并探明城镇化发展、民族文化与古树遗留三者之间的关系,以期建立从少数民族文化传承角度出发的古树保护方案。该文以云南省彝族的主要聚居地楚雄市坝区为研究对象,对形成城镇化水平梯度的7个乡镇开展古树资源调查。结果表明:(1)楚雄市坝区有古树16科22属26种301株,其中黄连木、侧柏和云南山茶古树合计超过总数的75%。(2)城镇化率最高的鹿城镇、东瓜镇以及城镇化率最低的子午镇古树物种多样性在楚雄坝区的7个镇中都较高,但聚集分布于寺庙、学校和公园。(3)鹿城镇和东瓜镇的物种组成和空间分布展现出外来文化影响特征,子午镇则保留了更多的彝族“神树林”原生植被。(4)彝族人口占比高的乡镇并未拥有更高的古树多样性或遗留更多的传统“神木”。综上认为,在城镇化发展过程中,少数民族文化面临逐步丢失的困境,研究古树的组成和空间分布特征对于加强古树保护与提升民族文化传承具有重要意义。

基于参与式地理信息系统的城市绿地生态系统文化服务评价——以北京市核心区为例

【目的】目前中国的城市建设发展模式已逐渐转变为注重提升城市文化软实力和城市精神的新模式。北京市核心区作为全国文化中心建设的核心承载区,评价其生态系统文化服务(cultural ecosystem services,CES)有助于促进城市绿地文化功能建设及体系完善,提升居民福祉。【方法】引入参与式地理信息系统(participatory geographic information system,PGIS),对被调查者感知到的文化功能、服务价值进行参与式互动制图,实现北京市核心区生态空间中CES感知点的空间落位,并进行空间分析。【结果】揭示了不同人群对CES的差异化感知、CES感知点的空间分布特征及各类CES之间的空间自相关性。【结论】为北京市核心区及其他区域城市绿地的更新优化提供参考意见,探索以文化为根基的城市创新发展之路。

场域理论视角下城市文化空间旅游化的特征与机制——以合柴1972工业记忆小镇为例

城市文化空间旅游化对传承城市文脉、实施城市更新战略具有重要价值。文章基于Bourdieu的场域理论,建构旅游场域的概念模型,并以合柴1972工业记忆小镇为例,通过田野调查法、文本分析法以及数理分析方法对城市文化空间旅游化的特征与机制进行实证分析。结果表明:1)合柴旅游化经历旅游市场初构、旅游空间置换、复合空间生成3个发展阶段,在主体互动模式、资本累积、文化认同、价值理念等方面发生显著变化;2)旅游资本和主体价值感知是关键的中介因素,通过有效衔接旅游惯习而形成3条推进城市文化空间旅游化的链式路径,且游客和居民的作用效果存在显著异质性;3)旅游惯习、旅游资本、主体价值感知是推动城市文化空间旅游化的核心条件,主要通过组态形式发挥作用,形成3种非城市文化空间旅游化的驱动类型——价值依存型、利益诉求型、惯习内化型。研究结论揭示了人的主体性影响城市文化空间旅游化的复杂因果关系及理论过程,为旅游地文化价值挖掘及可持续发展提供实践借鉴和理论参考。

基于地域特征的院区规划设计实践研究

为了探讨根据地域特征进行院区规划设计的可行性,在相关理论研究的基础上提出大地域、小地域的概念,以山东省中医院东院区改造规划为例,分别从城市、院区2种尺度地域特征探讨城市文化、区位、肌理及院区基地现状、文化基因、发展目标对院区规划设计的综合影响,结合中医医院院区改造规划设计实践提出规划设计策略。结果表明:文化、区位、肌理等城市特征直接影响规划方案的整体风格、特色风貌和空间布局形态等内容,基地现状、文化基因、发展目标等院区自身特征则影响院区的规划组织、建筑设计和室内外环境等。