Research on Current Status and Development of Urban Wetland Park

This paper summarized the theory and research progress of urban wetland park and elaborated development status of urban wetland park construction at home and abroad,analyzed the existing problems of domestic urban wetland park.In 1970s,some developed countries began to focus on restoration and construction of ecological environment in wetland and restoration work of habitats,with the sustainable development as the goal,a complete theoretical system was formed initially.But domestic theory research of wetland was relatively weak,and wetland restoration and wetland protection policies,etc.are relatively backward.This paper elaborated current situation of construction and development of urban wetland park,analyzed the existing problems of domestic urban wetland park,which mainly showed in the following aspects:blindly following suit without full scientific verification,unreasonable selecting of lands,unreasonable management system,inadequate policy and regulations,and lack of a huge human resources and mature technologies.This paper also put forward several guidance recommendations for existed problems of domestic urban wetlands from the ecological point of view,including giving primary importance to the protection of ecological environment of water in urban wetland park,and treating fouling species correctly.

Application of Landscape Plants in the Huaxi National Urban Wetland Park

The current situation of plants in Shilihe Beach of the Huaxi National Urban Wetland Park was investigated and analyzed. The results show that there are about 181 species of landscape plants in this park, of which arbors and shrubs are dominant. Various species of plants grow differently because of different types of artificial maintenance. The overall partition of the wetland park dose not follow the features of a river-type wetland and is not clear. In this park, the planting area of hygrophyte is far less than that of terrestrial plants. As a result, the wetland park is evolving into a public garden. It is suggested that the overall design of the park should be conducted in accordance with site characteristics and resources, and the park should be developed and built reasonably based on the principle that the ecology is a priority.

Progress and Prospect of Studies on Landscape Health of Urban Wetland Park

Rapid urbanization and increasing attention on the construction of wetland park have contributed to the increasing research fruits of urban wedand park.This paper,on the basis of sorting out literatures on urban wedand park from 2004 to 2015,analyzed the research contents and proposed the prospects.The research contents focused on concept of urban wedand park and landscape health,influence factors,ecological health,landscape health,and evaluation standard.It was found that the research methods vaned,quantitative and qualitative researches were combined;there were rich data sources,dynamic and static researches were integrated;theories lagged behind practices,and the research scale was limited.Therefore,the theoretical system must be improved from the perspective of philosophy and management science;national,regional and other large-scale analysis must be valued to expand the research scale;influence factors were analyzed from multiple perspectives.

Optimizing Rank of Landscape Planning Works of Urban Wetland Park

Classifying and ranking the huge amounts of landscape planning works of urban wetland park is always difficult due to the multi-functions （ecological, leisure, educational and disaster prevention） of the urban wetland park. Therefore, an optimizing rank system is urgently needed. Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution （TOPSIS） models were used to rank the planning works of 30 urban wetland park based on four mainly factors, which included landscape ecological planning, landscape planning, ecological planning and economic planning. The study indicated that the AHP- TOPSIS model had good discrimination in the classification and ranking of landscape planning works of urban wetland park and it was also applicable to the planning works of other urban greenbelts.

Importance of Urban Wetland Parks under the Development of Green Healthy Cities:A Case Study of Nanjing City

Wetlands are widely distributed all over the world,and have many wildlife resources,which are the main pieces of the puzzle for natural resource conservation and sustainable development on earth and have important irreplaceability.In this paper,through questionnaire survey,field research,literature review,etc.,importance weight analysis was conducted by using principal component analysis,and field survey and questionnaire were carried out to collect data on ecological environment function,environmental protection function,landscape beautification function,disaster prevention and mitigation function of urban wetlands.The problems in wetland parks of Nanjing were discussed,such as lack of awareness of landscape planning,deficient late management of wetland parks,weak ability of sustainable development,and unreasonable landscape layout and function.Finally,corresponding solutions were proposed,such as adhering to the planning and design of urban wetland parks with green as the base and health as the basis,persisting in the construction of a wetland system with high biodiversity and near-natural characteristics,adhering to the principle of sustainable development,adopting the construction idea of symbiosis and circulation of urban wetland parks,strengthening education and publicity work,and paying attention to the organic combination of system protection and coordinated construction.The research can build a new development direction for the model of urban wetland parks and green healthy cities,and provide theoretical support for urban sustainable construction.

Creation of Regional Characteristics for Urban Wetland Park

Concepts of regional characteristics and urban wetland park were introduced, contribution factors and creation principles of regional characteristics of urban wetland park analyzed. And the creation techniques were introduced from three perspectives: respecting regional natural environment and loci features, inheriting regional cultures and showing spirit of the place, applying materials and technology reasonably. Flowing Water Park in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, Xiazhu Lake Wetland Park in Huzhou City, Jinghu National Urban Wetland Park in Shaoxing City, and Xixi Wetland in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, were taken for example to specify techniques of creating regional characteristics of urban wetland park.

Problems in the Construction of Urban Wetland Park in China and Countermeasures

Problems in the current construction of urban wetland park in China were analyzed from the perspectives of ideological understanding,professional technology,capital investment,planning and design and management system.Corresponding countermeasures were proposed,specifically,more efforts should be devoted in propaganda and education,professionals cultivated for wetland development,capital investment in protection of wetland increased,the principle of systematic protection,reasonable utilization and coordinated construction followed,the legal system for the protection and utilization of wetland established,management and coordination system for the protection and sustainable utilization of wetland resources established.

Planning and Design of Suzhou Sanjiaozui Wetland Park

Suzhou Sanjiaozui Wetland Park takes the protection of wetland eco-environment system as the core content,highlights regional characteristics of wetland landscapes,and designs leisure,entertainment,science popularization and education projects according to the functional orientations and actual conditions.The design ensures the effective protection and reasonable utilization of wetland resources.

Floral Diversity Status in Urban Coastal Wetland &Associated Coastal Ecosystems of Crow Island Mattakkuliya, Sri Lanka

Colombo is the capital of Sri Lanka and the only wetland city in South Asia under the Ramsar Convention. Crow Island Beach Park and associated coastal area belong to the Colombo urban coastal wetland ecosystems. Crow Island wetland contributes diverse habitats for numerous flora and fauna species. The present study was conducted to assess the status of floral diversity in the Crow Island Beach Park and associated coastal ecosystem during the months of August to October 2021. Study area is divided in to three sites (A, B, C). Line transects method and field observations were used in the study. This coastal wetland consists of mosaic of five major vegetation types: Herbaceous, tree, shrub, creeper, grass and other than that marine algae namely Chaetomorpha antennina, Rhizoclonium africanum, Ulva compressa belonging to chlorophyta (green algae) and Grateloupia lithophila belonging to rhodophyta (red algae) were found in the study area. A total number of 102 flora species belonging to 50 families were recorded from the study area. There were two true mangrove species and 16 mangrove associated species in the study sites. Out of the 102 plant species 46 were recognized and documented as plants with medicinal values. Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes for mangrove and mangrove associated species were recorded as 2.378, 2.304 and 1.676 in site A, B and C respectively. Simpson’s diversity index for mangrove and mangrove associated species was recorded as 0.889, 0.874 and 0.735 respectively in site A, B and C and Jaccard index of similarity between three study sites showed high values ranging from 41% to 69% for mangrove and mangrove associated species.

城市湿地公园消落带景观生态重建模式探讨——以南昌市马兰圩湿地公园为例

消落带区域因季节性淹没与裸露,水流反复冲刷,加之人类活动频繁,是城市生态系统的生态敏感区和脆弱区。前人相关研究多聚焦于三峡库区或大江大河的消落带土壤、植被、生境与污染物等方面,较少关注城市湿地公园的消落带,尤其是其生态重建与生态恢复方面。以南昌市马兰圩湿地公园消落带为例,系统分析了其消落带的现状及存在的问题,并基于此提出了湿地公园消落带的生态重建原则与模式,以最大限度地恢复这一区域的生态、环境和经济功能,从而为城市湿地公园的消落带生态恢复与重建提供参考。

基于鸟类栖息地营建的城市湿地公园景观设计——以佳木斯柳树岛为例

城市湿地公园具有极高的生态价值与社会价值,鸟类作为生态系统的重要指示物种,为其营造适宜生存的栖息地,对于维护城市湿地生物多样性具有重要意义。为了给东北地区城市湿地公园中鸟类栖息地的修复、规划及管理提供参考,以黑龙江省佳木斯柳树岛为研究对象,通过解析柳树岛景观类型,调查鸟类资源,分析不同景观斑块与鸟类多样性的关系,提出基于鸟类栖息地营建的城市湿地公园景观设计策略,主要包括:对鸟类栖息地进行分区保护、退化生境修复、生态廊道构建、自然岸线及水环境恢复、营建适宜生存的植被群落和后期监测管理等。

南昌市象湖湿地公园消落带植物景观生态修复策略

为减轻城市湿地公园的消落带生态退化问题(环境污染、水土流失、土壤侵蚀、功能退化等),探求高效的生态修复策略。以南昌市象湖湿地公园为研究对象,在系统分析消落带的共性生态环境问题及现状基础上,提出了相应的景观生态修复策略:1)在广泛调查地域性消落带植物种类及其群落组成的基础上,筛选出适合公园环境的湿生植物种类;2)适度调整消落带的护坡和护岸结构,以自然式护岸为主;3)以乡土的湿生植物为主,建议配植适生植物群落,修复受损的消落带生境,形成特色护岸景观。研究城市湿地公园消落带的植物景观生态修复,有利于实现消落带生境修复、景观游憩、水体净化、减污增汇等生态效益,以构建生态环境友好型的消落带景观。

基于深度学习的鸟声识别技术研究——以北京翠湖国家城市湿地公园为例

鸟类是生态系统的重要组成部分,在评估生态系统状态方面具有不可忽视的作用,因此鸟类的调查和监测对于保护生态环境和维护生物多样性至关重要。传统的鸟类监测手段需要消耗大量人力物力,并且结果的准确性和可靠性有限。针对这一问题,提出一种基于深度学习的鸟类声音数据分析识别系统,并在北京翠湖国家城市湿地公园进行应用示范,以验证系统的性能和准确性。该系统首先使用传统声音信号处理方法对前端拾音器采集的音频进行预处理,然后使用残差神经网络提取音频特征并进行分类,从而实现对目标声音所包含物种信息的自动识别。在系统运行期间,成功监测到有效鸟类声音片段共计200044条,其识别准确率达到93%。系统共识别出野生鸟类9目16科52种,其中,属于国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物有6种,分别是大天鹅、鸿雁、红角鸮、纵纹腹小鸮、蓝喉歌鸲、游隼;属于北京市重点保护野生动物共计22种,分别是苍鹭、夜鹭、普通鸬鹚、绿头鸭等。监测到音频片段中相对多度较高的前5个物种依次是苍鹭(26%)、鸿雁(16%)、夜鹭(13%)、白头鹎(11%)、普通鸬鹚(8%)。实验结果表明,该系统实现了对鸟类声音的自动采集和分析,显著提高了鸟类监测的效率,为风景园林的合理规划、生态节点的保留以及景观可持续性的提升提供了有力支持。

长春北湖国家湿地公园鸟类多样性及居留型构成研究

2019年9月至2020年8月对位于吉林省长春市区北湖国家湿地公园进行为期1年的鸟类资源调查研究,从鸟类种类、数量、鸟类群落多样性以及鸟类群落组成等方面,对季节动态进行调查研究。结果表明:共记录鸟类101种,隶属于16目35科,共计6002只个体,其中,雀形目鸟类最多,居留型中夏候鸟占优势,有62种(占总种类的61.39%);生态类型以鸣禽占优势,为65种(占51.97%),该湿地公园总群落的多样性指数为3.84,均匀度指数为0.832。在4种生境中,林地及灌丛的多样性指数和均匀度指数最高;通过相似性指数分析可知,林地及灌丛和水域及湿地的相似性指数最低,仅0.10,草地绿化带和办公生活区的相似性指数为0.40,在4种生境的比较中最高。基于结果分析,为城市景观规划建设提出建议。

基于城市生态视觉的南方城市湿地公园研究——以广州六处代表性湿地公园为例

湿地,作为地球的“三大生态系统”之一,具有涵养水源、蓄洪防旱、抵御灾害、保护生物多样性、储碳固碳等众多作用。湿地与城市可以良好结合,为城市居民提供生态服务,提升生活品质。地处珠三角的广州,利用自身有利条件,大力推进湿地维护,并把多处湿地建设成为城市公园的形式,与城市生活紧密结合。文章以广州六个各具特色的湿地公园为例,展现基于城市生态视觉的“城市-湿地”共生场景。

基于环境心理学的青龙湖湿地公园景观美学研究

以成都青龙湖湿地公园为依托,通过定点取样、获取景观照片、构建评价体系、赋值评分等一系列研究方法,从环境心理学视角展开对于城市湿地公园景观生态美学的综合评价分析。调研分析结果表明,综合评价:R(以景观元素为标准)对应等级的评价+Q(以审美主体心理为标准)对应等级的评价,经过实地调研与问卷调查可得出,青龙湖湿地公园在以景观元素为标准对审美对象的评价中位于第三层级,景观结构较复杂,景观元素数量多;在以审美主体心理为标准对审美对象的评价中位于第二层级,使用体验良好,景观结构布置合理,游览感受较丰富。以此调研过程构建基于环境心理学视角的景观生态美学评价理论体系,为未来城市湿地公园的设计及营建提供参考。

绿泽聚生息·碧水汇民悦——厦门市马銮湾双溪湿地公园景观设计

城市湿地素有“城市之肺”之称,是城市绿地系统的重要组成部分,在蓄洪滞涝、降解污染、改善气候、保护生物多样性及维护区域生态平衡等方面发挥着关键作用。在生态文明体制改革的时代背景下,以生命共同体理念为指导,采用新型生态保护修复技术对退化受损的城市湿地进行修复成为建设重点。以厦门市马銮湾双溪湿地公园为例,将场地生态修复作为切入点,探讨城市湿地公园设计方法,为类似项目提供参考。

城市湿地公园的生态补水模式及其净化效果与生态效益

以常州市蔷薇湿地公园为例,提出一种"垂直流+水平流"新型生态补水复合模式,探讨了该模式的环境效应和经济效益.结果表明:该补水模式不但能净化受污染的源水(城市河水),而且可有效提升城市湿地公园的生态景观功能.城市湿地公园内的大部分景观水体可达到全身接触性娱乐类景观功能要求,运行成本仅为常规补水工艺的5～25,具有较好的环境效应和经济效益.

生态恢复在城市湿地公园植物景观营造中的应用——以西溪国家湿地公园为例

在概括介绍我国湿地生态系统恢复研究现状的基础上,结合对西溪国家湿地公园的实地调研,分析了生态恢复原理在西溪国家湿地公园植物景观营造中的应用,并对今后城市湿地公园规划建设中应用生态恢复原理进行植物景观营造提出了一些建议。

杭州西溪和绍兴镜湖国家湿地公园内的维管植物多样性

调查显示,杭州西溪湿地共有维管植物511种,其中蕨类和裸子植物各11种、被子植物489种,隶属于111科352属;绍兴镜湖湿地维管植物384种,其中蕨类12种、裸子植物11种、被子植物361种,隶属于101科285属。两地物种较为丰富。区系成分、生态类型和生长型比较以及β多样性分析均显示,两地有较高的物种相似度,这与两地同处于亚热带东部地区以及相似的人类影响有关。西溪和镜湖的湿地植物分别为280种(54.8%)和200种(52.1%),占据总物种数量的比例较低,是一定程度退化湿地的表现。建议在今后的修复和建设中,多培育湿地环境和湿地植物;同时需保留一定的管理强度,使多样化的生境、丰富有益的动植物物种得以维持,两湿地的生态和社会服务功能得到更好的体现。