Serum cystatin C,monocyte/high-density lipoprotein-C ratio,and uric acid for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and heart failure

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease(CHD)and heart failure(HF)are the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Early and accurate diagnoses of CHD and HF are essential for optimal management and prognosis.However,conventional diagnostic methods such as electrocardiography,echocardiography,and cardiac biomarkers have certain limitations,such as low sensitivity,specificity,availability,and cost-effectiveness.Therefore,there is a need for simple,noninvasive,and reliable biomarkers to diagnose CHD and HF.AIM To investigate serum cystatin C(Cys-C),monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(MHR),and uric acid(UA)diagnostic values for CHD and HF.METHODS We enrolled 80 patients with suspected CHD or HF who were admitted to our hospital between July 2022 and July 2023.The patients were divided into CHD(n=20),HF(n=20),CHD+HF(n=20),and control groups(n=20).The serum levels of Cys-C,MHR,and UA were measured using immunonephelometry and an enzymatic method,respectively,and the diagnostic values for CHD and HF were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.RESULTS Serum levels of Cys-C,MHR,and UA were significantly higher in the CHD,HF,and CHD+HF groups than those in the control group.The serum levels of Cys-C,MHR,and UA were significantly higher in the CHD+HF group than those in the CHD or HF group.The ROC curve analysis showed that serum Cys-C,MHR,and UA had good diagnostic performance for CHD and HF,with areas under the curve ranging from 0.78 to 0.93.The optimal cutoff values of serum Cys-C,MHR,and UA for diagnosing CHD,HF,and CHD+HF were 1.2 mg/L,0.9×10^(9),and 389μmol/L;1.4 mg/L,1.0×10^(9),and 449μmol/L;and 1.6 mg/L,1.1×10^(9),and 508μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Serum Cys-C,MHR,and UA are useful biomarkers for diagnosing CHD and HF,and CHD+HF.These can provide information for decision-making and risk stratification in patients with CHD and HF.

Science Letters:Evaluation of a kinetic uricase method for serum uric acid assay by predicting background absorbance of uricase reaction solution with an integrated method

A patented kinetic uricase method was evaluated for serum uric acid assay. Initial absorbance of the reaction mixture before uricase action （A0） was obtained by correcting the absorbance at 293 nm measured before the addition of uricase solution, and background absorbance （Ab） was predicted by an integrated method. Uric acid concentration in reaction solution was calculated from AA, the difference between A0 and Ab, using the absorptivity preset for uric acid. This kinetic uricase method exhibited CV〈4.3% and recovery of 100%. Lipids, bilirubin, hemoglobin, ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione and xanthine 〈0.32 mmol/L in serum had no significant effects. △A linearly responded to 1.2 to 37.5 μmol/L uric acid in reaction solution containing 15 μl serum. The slope of linear response was consistent with the absorptivity preset for uric acid while the intercept was consistent with that for serum alone. Uric acid concentrations in clinic sera by different uricase methods positively correlated to each other. By Bland-Altman analysis, this kinetic uricase method accorded with that by quantifying the total change of UV absorbance on the completion of uricase reaction. These results demonstrated that this kinetic uricase method is reliable for serum uric acid assay with enhanced resistance to both xanthine and other common errors, wider range of linear response and much lower cost.

Effect of dapagliflozin on uric acid in patients with chronic heart failure and hyperuricemia

BACKGROUND Patients with chronic heart failure(CHF)frequently develop hyperuricemia,an elevated serum uric acid level,associated with adverse outcomes.Dapagliflozin,a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor,demonstrates reduction in cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization in patients with CHF and ejection fraction(HFrEF),irrespective of diabetes.However,dapagliflozin’s effect on the uric acid levels in patients with CHF and hyperuricemia remain unclear.AIM To investigate the effects of dapagliflozin on uric acid levels in CHF patients with hyperuricemia.METHODS We conducted a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial in 200 patients with CHF and hyperuricemia,with HFrEF and serum uric acid levels≥7 mg/dL(≥416μmol/L).The participants were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of 10 mg dapagliflozin or placebo for 24 months.The primary endpoint was the change in serum uric acid level from baseline to 24 months.Secondary endpoints included changes in left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),Nterminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),and quality of life(QoL)scores,as well as the incidence of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure.RESULTS At 24 months,dapagliflozin significantly reduced serum uric acid levels by 1.2 mg/dL(71μmol/L)compared with placebo(95%CI:-1.5 to-0.9;P<0.001).Dapagliflozin also significantly improved LVEF by 3.5%(95%CI:2.1-4.9;P<0.001),NT-proBNP by 25%(95%CI:18-32;P<0.001),and QoL scores by 10 points(95%CI:7-13;P<0.001)and reduced the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure by 35%(95%CI:15–50;P=0.002)compared with the placebo.Adverse events were similar between the two groups,except for a higher rate of genital infections in the dapagliflozin group(10%vs 2%,P=0.01).CONCLUSION Dapagliflozin significantly lowered serum uric acid levels and improved the clinical outcomes in patients with CHF and hyperuricemia.Therefore,dapagliflozin may be a useful therapeutic option for this high-risk population.

Square wave voltammetric quantification of folic acid,uric acid and ascorbic acid in biological matrix

Nowadays, modified electrodes with metal nanoparticles have appeared as an alternative for the electroanalysis of various compounds. In this study, gold nanoparticles（GNPs） were chosen as interesting metal nanoparticles for modifying carbon paste electrode（CPE）. GNPs and the gold nanoparticles-modified carbon paste electrode（GNPs/CPE） were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. GNPs/CPE as a simple and sensitive electrode was used to study three important biological molecules： folic acid（FA）, uric acid（UA） and ascorbic acid（AA）. Square wave voltammetry（SWV） was used as an accurate technique for quantitative measurements. A good linear relation was observed between anodic peak current（ipa） and FA（5.2 × 10（-6）– 2.5 × 10（-5）M）, UA（1.2 × 10（-6）– 2.1 × 10（-5）M） and AA（1.2 × 10（-6）– 2.5 × 10（-5）M） concentrations in simultaneous determination of these molecules.

Analysis of Blood Lipids, Blood Glucose, Blood Uric Acid, and Blood Routine Test Results in Retired Employees of a Unit in the Civil Aviation System

Objective:To investigate and analyze the annual physical examination results of retired employees from a unit in the civil aviation system,focusing on blood lipids,blood glucose,blood uric acid,and blood routine results.The study aims to provide relevant references for formulating reasonable disease management measures for preventing and controlling hyperlipidemia,hyperuricemia,and other conditions in retired employees.Methods:The examination results of 231 participants were collected and analyzed.The participants were divided into four groups based on age:middle-aged group,young-old group,middle-old group,and old-old group.The blood test results were compared across these groups,and an assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)risk levels was completed in conjunction with medical history.Blood test results were also compared by gender.Results:There were no significant statistical differences in blood test results when grouped by age.However,the prevalence of hyperuricemia was higher in males than in females,while the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was higher in females than in males.The LDL-C target achievement rate was lower in the moderate-and-high-risk group as well as the very high-risk group as defined by ASCVD risk levels.Conclusion:Management of hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia in retired employees(elderly patients)should be strengthened to reduce the risk of ASCVD events and alleviate the potential medical burden associated with disease progression.

Association between serum uric acid level and endothelial dysfunction in elderly individuals with untreated mild hypertension

Background Endothelial dysfunction is the initial stage in atherosclerotic formation and progression and is associated with high serum uric acid(SUA)level.We hypothesized that reactive hyperemia index(RHI),which reflects endothelial function,is associated with SUA levels in elderly individuals with untreated mild hypertension.Methods We recruited 123 patients≥60 years with untreated mild hypertension.The association between SUA level and RHI was analyzed using univariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was performed to validate the cutoff value of SUA that can be used to predict endothelial dysfunction.Results The serum uric acid level significantly increased in the RHI<1.67 group,and this result was still observed in the subgroup of men.RHI was inversely associated with SUA level(P=0.006)and the association was still observed after adjusting for factors,such as age,sex,smoking status,and creatinine level(P=0.014).In the subgroup analysis,a positive association was observed only in men.In the ROC curve analysis,the optimal cutoff values of SUA for predicting endothelial dysfunction was 293.5μmol/L in elderly mild hypertension patients and 287.0μmol/L in men.Conclusion A high SUA level was considered an independent predictor of endothelial dysfunction among elderly individuals,particularly men with untreated mild hypertension.

血清Hcy、TBIL联合SUA检测对首发缺血性脑卒中及不良预后的预测价值

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、总胆红素(TBIL)联合血尿酸(SUA)水平检测对首发缺血性脑卒中(FIS)及不良预后的预测价值。方法该研究为回顾性分析,选择2020年1月至2021年7月在该院神经内科住院治疗的210例FIS患者作为观察组,另匹配同期体检健康者210例作为对照组。比较两组血清Hcy、TBIL和SUA水平。统计FIS患者出院后1个月时的脑卒中致残、复发情况并使用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评估出院3个月时的预后情况,采用多因素Logistic回归分析FIS及其不良预后事件的危险因素。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价血清Hcy、TBIL和SUA联合检测对FIS及复发、致残、mRS评分≥3分等不良预后事件的预测价值。结果与对照组相比,FIS患者的血清Hcy和SUA水平均显著升高,血清TBIL水平显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。出现复发、致残和mRS评分≥3分等不良预后事件的患者群体血清Hcy和SUA水平显著升高,血清TBIL水平显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清Hcy、TBIL和SUA不仅是FIS的影响因素(P<0.01),也是FIS患者疾病复发、致残和mRS评分≥3分等不良预后事件的影响因素(P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清Hcy、TBIL和SUA 3项指标联合诊断FIS的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.835(95%CI:0.789~0.875),3项指标联合诊断FIS的效能显著优于单指标检测(P<0.01)。3项指标联合检测对致残(AUC=0.859,95%CI:0.804~0.903)、复发(AUC=0.807,95%CI:0.747~0.858)、mRS≥3分(AUC=0.847,95%CI:0.791~0.893)等不良预后事件也具备一定的预测效能,且预测效能显著优于单指标检测(P<0.05)。结论血清Hcy、TBIL和SUA水平与FIS发生及预后密切相关,血清Hcy、TBIL和SUA联合检测在FIS的诊断和预后评估中具有较高的临床价值。

血清Hb、NLR、SUA/CR与糖尿病骨质疏松患者临床风险因素及利拉鲁肽治疗效果的相关性

目的分析血清血红蛋白(Hb)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血尿酸/肌酐比值(SUA/CR)与糖尿病骨质疏松(DOP)患者临床风险因素的关系,并探讨三者与利拉鲁肽治疗后骨密度的相关性。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年1月平顶山市第一人民医院内分泌科收治的185例糖尿病患者的临床资料,根据是否合并骨质疏松将其分为骨质疏松组58例和无骨质疏松组127例。比较两组患者的血清Hb、NLR、SUA/CR水平;经二元Logistic回归模型分析DOP的临床风险因素;采用Pearson相关性分析法分析骨质疏松患者血清Hb、NLR、SUA/CR与临床风险因素的相关性;骨质疏松组患者均采用利拉鲁肽治疗,比较其治疗前后的骨密度;采用Pearson相关性分析法分析血清Hb、NLR、SUA/CR与治疗后骨密度的相关性。结果与无骨质疏松组比较,骨质疏松组患者的年龄更大,体质量指数(BMI)、握力降低,糖尿病病程延长,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。骨质疏松组患者的血清Hb水平为(112.67±15.33)g/dL,明显低于无骨质疏松组的(129.78±19.27)g/dL,而NLR、SUA/CR分别为2.68±0.57、(84.53±9.71)mg/g,明显高于无骨质疏松组的2.17±0.48、(57.63±7.17)mg/g,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,年龄(OR=8.919,95%CI:1.904~41.788)、糖尿病病程(OR=6.830,95%CI:1.147~40.689)是DOP的危险性因素,而BMI(OR=0.331,95%CI:0.148~0.738)、握力(OR=0.292,95%CI:0.121~0.705)是其保护性因素(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,年龄、糖尿病病程与血清Hb呈负相关(P<0.05),BMI、握力与血清NLR、SUA/CR呈负相关(P<0.05);年龄、糖尿病病程与血清NLR、SUA/CR呈正相关(P<0.05);BMI、握力与血清Hb呈正相关(P<0.05)。骨质疏松患者经利拉鲁肽治疗后的骨密度为(0.79±0.16)g/cm^(2),明显高于治疗前的(0.65±0.12)g/cm^(2),差异有统计学意义(t=9.521,P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清Hb与治疗后骨密度呈正相关(P<0.05),血清NLR、SUA/CR与治疗后骨密度呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论血清Hb、NLR、SUA/CR与DOP的临床风险因素及利拉鲁肽治疗后骨密度密切相关,可为临床DOP风险及治疗效果评估提供参考。

高龄孕妇MTHFR基因多态性与血清UA、Hcy水平及出生缺陷影响因素分析

目的分析高龄孕妇亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性及血清尿酸(UA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平,探讨出生缺陷的影响因素。方法收集2021年10月至2023年12月青海红十字医院收治的11810例高龄孕妇为研究对象,并根据胎儿是否存在出生缺陷分为观察组(存在出生缺陷,826例)和对照组(未发现明显出生缺陷,10984例),比较两组孕妇的MTHFR基因多态性、血清UA、Hcy水平及临床资料,分析不同民族出生缺陷类型及出生缺陷的影响因素。结果11810例高龄孕妇中,共826例发生出生缺陷,出生缺陷发生率为6.99%;出生缺陷类型中染色体异常发生率最高(2.16%),汉族和回族中的染色体异常发生率均最高(分别为2.21%和1.93%),藏族中神经系统畸形率最高(2.80%)。观察组血清UA及Hcy水平、MTHFR基因C677T位点TT基因型以及总突变T等位基因频率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。单因素及多因素分析结果显示,MTHFR基因C677T位点TT基因型、高Hcy水平、高UA水平、常居地为高海拔地区、民族为藏/回族、不良孕产史、孕期未规律服用叶酸、孕早期感冒史、辅助生殖妊娠为出生缺陷的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论高龄孕妇MTHFR基因C677T位点TT基因型、高UA及Hcy水平可导致出生缺陷风险增加,需及时关注影响出生缺陷的独立危险因素以采取控制措施,减少高龄孕产妇发生出生缺陷的可能。

Serum uric acid level in newly diagnosed essential hypertension in a Nepalese population:A hospital based cross sectional study

Objective:To develop the missing link between hyperuricemia and hypertension.Methods:The study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with Nephrology Unit of Internal Medicine Department.Hypertension was defined according to blood pressure readings by definitions of the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee.Totally 205newly diagnosed and untreated essential hypertensive cases and age-sex matched nonnotensive controls were enrolled in the study.The potential confounding factors of hyperuricemia and hypertension in both cases and controls were controlled.Uric acid levels in all participants were analyzed.Results:Renal function between newly diagnosed hypertensive cases and nonnotensive healthy controls were adjusted.The mean serum uric acid observed in newly diagnosed hypertensive cases and in nonnotensive healthy controls were(290.05±87.03)μmol/L and(245.24±09.38)μmol/L respectively.A total of 59(28.8%)participants of cases and 28(13.7%)participants of controls had hyperuricemia(odds ratio 2.555(95%CI:1.549-4.213),P<0.00l).Conclusions:The mean serum uric acid leveb and number of hyperuricemic subjects were found to be significantly higher in cases when compared to controls.

Cys C、C1q、β_(2)-MG、Urea、UA检测对初诊多发性骨髓瘤患者合并肾损伤的诊断价值

目的探讨肾功能指标胱抑素C(cystatin C,Cys C)、补体C1q(complement C1q)、β_(2)-微球蛋白(β_(2)-microglobulin,β_(2)-MG)、尿素(Urea)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)对初诊多发性骨髓瘤(multiplemyeloma,MM)患者合并肾损伤(renal impairment,RI)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2021年8月~2022年12月首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院血液科收治的93例初诊MM患者的病例资料,按照血肌酐水平将MM患者分为RI组[血肌酐>176.80mmol/L(2mg/dl),n=19]及非RI组[血肌酐≤176.80mmol/L(2mg/dl),n=74],对RI组和非RI组的临床资料及实验室指标进行分析。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析评价MM患者发生RI的危险因素,应用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估危险因素对MM患者发生RI的预测价值。结果93例初诊MM患者发生RI者占25.68%,RI组轻链型占比最高(36.84%,7/19),IgG-λ型和IgA-κ型比例最低(10.53%,2/19);非RI组IgA-κ型比例最高(29.73%,22/74),IgG-λ型比例最低(12.16%,9/74)。DS分期中,RI组19例全部为Ⅲ期,非RI组72例全部为Ⅲ期。ISS分期中,RI组Ⅲ期最多(68.42%,13/19),非RI组中Ⅰ期最多(41.89%,31/74)。RISS分期中,RI组Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期最多(36.84%,7/19),非RI组Ⅱ期最多(58.11%,43/74)。DS分期和ISS分期组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RI组中Cys C、β_(2)-MG、Urea、UA水平均高于非RI组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,Cys C、Urea、β_(2)-MG水平异常升高是MM患者发生RI的危险因素(P<0.05),C1q对MM患者发生RI没有影响(P>0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,Cys C、Urea、β_(2)-MG水平异常升高均是MM患者发生RI的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。Cys C、Urea、β_(2)-MG预测MM患者发生RI的敏感度分别为88.9%、50.0%、94.4%,特异性分别为90.4%、100.0%、84.9%;Cys C、Urea、β_(2)-MG联合检测预测MM患者发生RI的敏感度为100.0%,特异性为87.7%。结论Cys C、Urea、β_(2)-MG均能较好地预测初诊MM患者发生RI的可能性,3项指标联合检测对MM患者发生RI具有更高的预测价值。

超声监测结合BUN、UA水平预测PE并发FGR孕产妇不良结局价值

目的:探讨超声胎儿监测结合血尿素氮(BUN)和尿酸(UA)水平预测子痫前期(PE)并发胎儿生长受限(FGR)患者不良结局价值。方法:回顾性收集2020年1月-2023年5月本院就诊的PE患者,其中并发FGR 106例为观察组,未并发FGR患者106例为对照组,比较两组血BUN、UA水平,超声胎儿静脉导管收缩期峰值速度(PSV)、舒张期峰值速度(EDV)、平均时间最大血流速度(Vmax),统计新生儿及孕妇不良结局。结果:观察组血BUN(5.03±1.22mmol/L)、UA(435.54±52.13mmol/L)高于对照组(4.01±1.30 mmol/L、391.60±60.88 mmol/L),PSV(0.85±0.12cm/s)、EDV(0.78±0.11cm/s)、Vmax(0.81±0.13cm/s)低于对照组(0.89±0.11 cm/s、0.96±0.14 cm/s、0.98±0.12 cm/s),新生儿不良结局总发生率(67.9%)高于对照组(15.1%),孕妇不良妊娠结局总发生率(38.7%)高于对照组(20.8%);观察组发生新生儿不良结局患者血BUN、UA高于未发生新生儿不良结局患者,而超声胎儿静脉血流参数均低于未发生新生儿不良结局患者(均P<0.05)。血BUN、UA、PSV、EDV、Vmax及联合预测新生儿不良结局的曲线下面积分别为0.735、0.760、0.643、0.809、0.670和0.706,联合预测的灵敏性达到100.0%。结论:PE并发FGR患者BUN、UA水平异常升高,超声胎儿静脉血流参数异常降低,上述超声及血指标预测新生儿不良结局有一定临床指导价值。

Serum Uric Acid is Associated with the Predicted Risk of Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in a Community-dwelling Population without Diabetes

Objective To examine the association between serum uric acid levels and cardiovascular disease risk among individuals without diabetes.Methods We investigated the association between serum uric acid levels and the risk of prevalent cardiometabolic diseases, 10-year Framingham risk for coronary heart disease, and 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases （ASCVD） among 8,252 participants aged 〉 40 years without diabetes from Jiading district, Shanghai, China.Results Body mass index, waist circumference, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and serum lipids increased progressively across the sex-specific quartiles of uric acid （all P trend 〈 0.05）. Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile, those in the higher quartiles had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia （all P trend 〈 0.05）. A fully adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals in the highest quartile had an increased risk of predicted cardiovascular disease compared with those in the lowest quartile of uric acid. The multivariate adjusted odds ratios （ORs） [95% confidence intervals （C/s）] for the highest quartiles for high Framingham risk were 3.00 （2.00-4.50） in men and 2.95 （1.08-8.43） in women. The multivariate adjusted ORs （95% C/s） for the highest quartile for high ASCVD risk were 1.93 [1.17-3.17） in men and 4.53 （2.57-7.98） in women.Conclusion Serum uric acid level is associated with an increased risk of prevalent obesity, hypertension, dystipidemia, 10-year Framingham risk for coronary heart disease, and lO-year risk for ASCVD among Chinese adults without diabetes.

绝经后骨质疏松患者血清DPP-4、UA、P、25(OH)D_(3)水平变化及其与骨代谢指标的相关性

目的检测绝经后骨质疏松患者血清二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-4)、尿酸(UA)、孕酮(P)、25羟维生素D_(3)[25(OH)D_(3)]水平,并分析其与骨代谢指标的相关性。方法选择2022年2月至2023年2月西安医学院第一附属医院收治的320例绝经后骨质疏松患者作为观察组,并选择同期在我院接受体检的300名健康绝经女性作为对照组,比较两组受检者的血清DPP-4、UA、P、25(OH)D_(3)水平及骨代谢指标[骨钙素(OC)、I型前胶原氨基末端前肽(PINP)、β-胶联降解产物(β-CTX)及骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)],并采用Pearson法分析血清DPP-4、UA、P、25(OH)D_(3)水平与骨代谢指标的相关性。结果观察组患者的血清DPP-4水平为(183.41±21.49)IU/L,明显高于对照组的(125.82±13.04)IU/L,UA、P、25(OH)D_(3)水平分别为(252.83±21.69)μmol/L、(1.23±0.18)nmol/L、(21.21±3.72)ng/mL,明显低于对照组的(304.34±25.77)μmol/L、(1.70±0.22)nmol/L、(32.74±3.51)ng/mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者OC、PINP、β-CTX、BALP分别为(8.02±1.18)μg/L、(225.34±34.02)ng/mL、(0.75±0.09)ng/mL、(21.76±3.05)μg/L,明显高于对照组的(5.57±0.84)μg/L、(175.06±26.71)ng/mL、(0.45±0.06)ng/mL、(15.80±2.43)μg/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清DPP-4与OC、PINP、β-CTX、BALP均呈正相关(P<0.05),UA、P、25(OH)D_(3)与OC、PINP、β-CTX、BALP均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论绝经后骨质疏松患者血清DPP-4水平升高,UA、P、25(OH)D_(3)水平降低,且均与骨代谢指标具有明显相关性,临床上应予以密切关注。

Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosed using HbA1c Criteria Among Chinese Adults in Qingdao,China

Objective To determine whether elevated serum uric acid(UA)levels are associated with type 2 diabetes diagnosed using Hb A1 c levels among Chinese adults.Methods We conducted two population-based cross-sectional studies in Qingdao in China in 2006 and 2009.A total of 6894(39.4% men)subjects aged 35-74 years were included in the data analysis.Newly diagnosed diabetes was defined as Hb A1 c level of ≥6.5%,and prediabetes was classified as Hb A1 c level between 5.7% and 6.4% according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria.Multivariate logistic regression was employed to assess the association between UA and prevalence of type 2 diabetes defined using Glycated hemoglobin A1c(Hb A1 c levels.Results Subjects with prediabetes had higher UA levels than those with normal glucose tolerance,newly diagnosed diabetes,and known diabetes,with corresponding values of 325.1(82.5)μmol/L,310.9(84.2)μmol/L,291.3(81.7)μmol/L,305.2(83.6)μmol/L,respectively(P<0.001 for all comparisons).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that UA was a possible predictor for the prevalence of type 2 diabetes diagnosed using Hb A1 c levels,and the second quartile of UA levels had a higher odds ratio(OR:4.088;95% CI:2.900-5.765)for Hb A1 c than the other quartiles after adjusting for age,body mass index,sex,marital status,education,income,alcohol consumption,smoking,and cardiometabolic parameters.Conclusion Serum UA is significantly associated with type 2 diabetes diagnosed using Hb A1 c levels,independent of other cardiometabolic parameters.

Serum uric acid as a prognostic marker in the setting of advanced vascular disease： a prospective study in the elderly

Background Many epidemiological studies analyze the relationship between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular outcomes. This observational prospective study investigates the association of serum uric acid （SUA） levels with adverse cardiovascular events and deaths in an elderly population affected by advanced atherosclerosis. Methods Two hundred and seventy six elderly patients affected by advanced atherosclerosis （217 males and 59 females; aged 71.2 ±7.8 years） were included. All patients were assessed for history of cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity and traditional risk factors. Patients were followed for approximately 31 ±11 months. Major events were recorded during follow-up, defined as myocardial infarction, cerebral isehemia, myocardial and/or peripheral revascularization and death. Results Mean SUA level was 5.47 ±1.43 mg/dL; then we further divided the population in two groups, according to the median value （5.36 mg/dL）. During a median follow up of 31 months （5 to 49 months）, 66 cardiovascular events, 9 fatal cardiovascular events and 14 cancer-related deaths have occurred. The patients with increased SUA level presented a higher significant incidence of total cardiovascular events （HR： 1.867, P = 0.014, 95% CI： 1.134-3.074）, The same patients showed a significant increased risk of cancer-related death （HR： 4.335, P = 0.025, 95% CI： 1.204-15.606）. Conclusions Increased SUA levels are independently and significantly associated with risk of cardiovascular events and cancer related death in a population of mainly elderly patients affected by peripheral vasculopathy.

Pharmacologic inducers of the uric acid exporter ABCG2 as potential drugs for treatment of gouty arthritis

Uric acid is the end product of purine catabolism and its plasma levels are maintained below its maximum solubility in water(6–7 mg/dl).The plasma levels are tightly regulated as the balance between the rate of production and the rate of excretion,the latter occurring in urine(kidney),bile(liver)and feces(intestinal tract).Reabsorption in kidney is also an important component of this process.Both excretion and reabsorption are mediated by specific transporters.Disruption of the balance between production and excretion leads to hyperuricemia,which increases the risk of uric acid crystallization as monosodium urate with subsequent deposition of the crystals in joints causing gouty arthritis.Loss-of-function mutations in the transporters that mediate uric acid excretion are associated with gout.The ATP-Binding Cassette exporter ABCG2 is important in uric acid excretion at all three sites:kidney(urine),liver(bile),and intestine(feces).Mutations in this transporter cause gout and these mutations occur at significant prevalence in general population.However,mutations that are most prevalent result only in partial loss of transport function.Therefore,if the expression of these partially defective transporters could be induced,the increased number of the transporter molecules would compensate for the mutation-associated decrease in transport function and hence increase uric acid excretion.As such,pharmacologic agents with ability to induce the expression of ABCG2 represent potentially a novel class of drugs for treatment of gouty arthritis.

Linking uric acid metabolism to diabetic complications

Hyperuricemia have been thought to be caused by the ingestion of large amounts of purines, and prevention or treatment of hyperuricemia has intended to prevent gout. Xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase(XDH/XO) is rate-limiting enzyme of uric acid generation, and allopurinol was developed as a uric acid(UA) generation inhibitor in the 1950 s and has been routinely used for gout prevention since then. Serum UA levels are an important risk factor of disease progression for various diseases, including those related to lifestyle. Recently, other UA generation inhibitors such as febuxostat and topiroxostat were launched. The emergence of these novel medications has promoted new research in the field. Lifestyle-related diseases, such as metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus, often have a common pathological foundation. As such, hyperuricemia is often present among these patients. Many in vitro and animal studies have implicated inflammation and oxidative stress in UA metabolism and vascular injury because XDH/XO act as one of the major source of reactive oxygen species Many studies on UA levels and associated diseases implicate involvement of UA generation in disease onset and/or progression. Interventional studies for UA generation, not UA excretion revealed XDH/XO can be the therapeutic target forvascular injury and renal dysfunction. In this review, the relationship between UA metabolism and diabetic complications is highlighted.

Serum uric acid is a risk factor for large-artery atherosclerosis cerebral infarction

Using the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment （TOAST） classification for acute ischemic stroke, 371 patients with either acute large-artery atherosclerosis or small-artery oc-clusion cerebral infarction were recruited to investigate the potential impact of elevated serum uric acid on cerebrovascular disorders. The results showed that patients who have suffered from large-artery atherosclerosis, relative to small-artery occlusion patients, were characterized by elevated serum uric acid but reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Logistic regression showed that elevated uric acid and lower triglyceride levels were the main risk factors for patients with large-artery atherosclerosis. The findings of this study suggest that hyperuricemia may be a risk factor for stroke.

Electrochemical determination of vitamin C in the presence of uric acid by a novel TiO_2 nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode

The electrochemical behavior of vitamin C（ascorbic acid or AA） is investigated on the surface of a carbon-paste electrode modified with TiO2 nanoparticles and 2,2＇-（1,2 butanediylbis（nitriloethylidyne））-bis-hydroquinone（BBNBH）.The prepared modified electrode showed an efficient catalytic role in the electrochemical oxidation of AA,leading to remarkable decrease in oxidation overpotential and enhancement of the kinetics of the electrode reaction.This modified electrode exhibits well-separated oxidation peaks for AA and uric acid（UA）.The modified electrode is successfully applied for the accurate determination of AA in pharmaceutical preparations.