Correlation between glycated hemoglobin A1c,urinary microalbumin,urinary creatinine,β2 microglobulin,retinol binding protein and diabetic retinopathy

BACKGROUND Retinopathy is the most common microvascular disease of type 2 diabetes,and seriously threatens the life,health and quality of life of patients.It is worth noting that the development of diabetic retinopathy(DR)can be hidden,with few symptoms.Therefore,the preliminary screening of diabetic patients should identify DR as soon as possible,delay disease progression,and play a vital role in its diagnosis and treatment.AIM To investigate the correlation between glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),urinary microalbumin(U-mALB),urinary creatinine(U-CR),mALB/U-CR ratio,β2 microglobulin(β2MG),retinol binding protein(RBP)and DR.METHODS A total of 180 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Second People’s Hospital of Hefei from January 2022 to August 2022 were retrospectively enrolled by ophthalmologists.Based on whether they had combined retinopathy and its degree,68 patients with diabetes mellitus without retinopathy(NDR)were assigned to the NDR group,54 patients with non-proliferative DR(NPDR)to the NPDR group,and 58 patients with proliferative DR to the PDR group.General data,and HbA1c,mALB,β2MG,RBP,mALB/U-CR and U-CR results were collected from the patients and compared among the groups.Pearson's correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between HbA1c,mALB,β2MG,RBP,mALB/U-CR and U-CR indices,and multiple linear regression was applied to identify the risk factors for DR.Receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curves were also drawn.RESULTS The differences in age,gender,systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the groups were not statistically significantly(P>0.05),but the difference in disease duration was statistically significant(P<0.05).The differences in fasting blood glucose,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,total cholesterol,and triglyceride between the groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).HbA1c in the PDR group was higher than that in the NPDR and NDR groups(P<0.05).The levels of mALB,β2MG,RBP,mALB/U-CR and UCR in the PDR group were higher than those in the NPDR and NDR groups(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that disease duration,HbA1c,mALB,β2MG,RBP,mALB/U-CR and U-CR were risk factors for the development of DR.The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for the combination of indices(HbA1c+mALB+mALB/U-CR+U-CR+β2MG+RBP)was 0.958,with a sensitivity of 94.83%and specificity of 96.72%,which was higher than the AUC for single index prediction(P<0.05).CONCLUSION HbA1c,mALB,mALB/U-CR,U-CR,β2MG and RBP can reflect the development of DR and are risk factors affecting PDR,and the combination of these six indices has predictive value for PDR.

Correlation between rate-pressure product or pressure-rate quotient and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio in the Chinese older population:The REACTION study

To the Editor:Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a critical health threat.An elevated urinary albumin-creatinine ratio(UACR)is a marker of impaired renal function and is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease.The rate-pressure product(RPP)[1]and pressure rate quotient(PRQ)are widely used as methods to quantify cardiac load and hemodynamic response to exercise in clinical practice.Therefore,to better predict CKD,it is of great signicance to explore the relationships between RPP or PRQ and UACR.

Determination of upper reference value of urinary calcium-creatinine ratio for the paediatric population in Burdwan district

To estimate the rate of excretion of urinary calcium, a 24-hour sample of urine is required and this is not always easy to collect accurately in infant and children. So, random urine calcium to creatinine ratio (Ca/Cr ratio) has been developed. But as the ratio varies worldwide, reference values of the parameter in paediatric population are not developed. To determine reference value, the present study was conducted in healthy paediatric population in Burdwan district, West Bengal. This study was performed on 693 healthy paediatric subjects, aged between 3 months to 18 years and divided into five groups. Early morning non-fasting urine samples from all study groups were analyzed for Ca/Cr ratio. A negative correlation was observed between age and urinary Ca/Cr ratio, but there was no significant difference of urinary Ca/Cr ratio between two sexes. Considering 97.5th percentile of the underlying distribution of values as the upper limit of reference range, upper reference values of urinary Ca/Cr ratio for age groups

Risk factors of abnormal urinary albumin/ creatinine ratio in people with obesity

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and risk factors of abnormal urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR)in obese population.Methods Baseline data from 2011 to 2012 in Henan Sub-center of"Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals:A longitudinal(REACTION)study"were utilized and those of body mass index≥28 kg/m^(2) were screened.The patients were divided into UACR normal group and UACR abnormal group(101 pairs)upon being matched on a 1:1 basis by age and gender.Multivariate logistic regression analysis,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and restricted cubic spline(RCS)analysis were performed to explore the risk factors for abnormal UACR.Results Compared with the normal UACR group,the UACR abnormal group had a higher number of alcohol consumers,a higher prevalence of hypertension,elevated systolic blood pressure,and triglyceride(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that alcohol consumption(P=0.008).

Association of urinary albumin excretion with central foveal thickness and intravitreal conbercept treatment frequency in patients with diabetic macular edema

AIM: To investigate the effect of albuminuria on diabetic macular edema(DME) and the possible association between baseline urinary albumin excretion(UAE) and intravitreal conbercept(IVC) treatment frequency in DME patients. METHODS: In this hospital-based retrospective study, a total of 350 in-patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited and their clinical records were reviewed. Thereafter, 52 patients identified with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) combined with albuminuria were divided into the microalbuminuria(UAE 30-300 mg/24 h) and macroalbuminuria(UAE>300 mg/24 h) groups, which were compared and analyzed by both independent sample t-test and Chi-square test. Correlations between the systemic variables and the central foveal thickness(CFT) were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation and linear regression analyses. Of the 52 patients with centerinvolved DME, 43 received an initial combined injection of conbercept(0.5 mg/0.05 mL) and triamcinolone acetonide(1 mg/0.05 mL), followed by an IVC injection, as needed. The relationship between baseline UAE and number of IVCinjections during the first year of treatment was analyzed using Spearman’s partial correlation.RESULTS: Of 350 patients, a higher incidence of DME was observed in severe non-proliferative retinopathy(NPDR) patients than that observed in other groups. By dividing the 52 patients with severe NPDR into the micro-and macro-albuminuria subgroups, significant differences in CFT, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and serum creatinine levels, and UAE were revealed. Furthermore, a positive liner correlation between the UAE and CFT was found. Finally, the partial correlation coefficient adjusted for either the CFT or UAE indicated that both parameters directly correlated with the number of IVC injections administered during the 12 mo of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Generally, macular edema occurred in patients with severe NPDR, for whom the UAE is an independent risk predictor of DME. The baseline UAE and CFT predicted the treatment frequency of IVC injections administered in the first year for eyes with DME.

Measurement of serum cystatin C,creatinine clearance and urea micro-albumin as renal function evaluation indicators in cancer patients during chemotherapy with platinum

Objective:Chemotherapy drugs such as platinum may cause damage to the renal function,creatinine clearance(Ccr),as a "golden standard" indicator in clinical evaluation of renal function,was limited in application due to complicated detection steps.By detecting the expression of serum Cystatin C(Cys C),Ccr and urinary micro-albumin(UMA),this study was designed to analyze and discuss their roles and status in renal function evaluation for cancer patients before and after chemotherapy with platinum.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 110 patients who receiving platinum-containing protocols or non-platinum-containing ones,and got the expression of Cys C,Ccr(was calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation) and UMA,then analyzed whether there were differences for Cys C,Ccr and UMA in those patients;for patients with mildly impaired renal function(Ccr between 50-75 mL/min),whether there were differences for Cys C and UMA before and after chemotherapy with platinum.Results:There was statistical significance for Ccr,Cys C and UMA in patients who receiving platinum-containing protocols(85.01 ± 28.40) vs(76.79 ± 26.63) mL/min,(1.49 ± 0.50) vs(1.80 ± 0.84) mg/L and(14.30 ± 9.15) vs(16.90 ± 10.95) mg/L,P = 0.00,0.00 and 0.01),and no statistical significance for those receiving non-platinum-containing ones(89.45 ± 29.69) vs(86.78 ± 27.96) mL/min,(1.51 ± 0.78) vs(1.63 ± 0.73)mg/L and(17.31 ± 10.46) vs(16.59 ± 8.33) mg/L,P = 0.45,0.07 and 0.57);and there were also significant differences for Cys C for patients with mildly impaired renal function before and after chemotherapy(1.68 ± 0.55) vs(2.04 ± 0.68) mg/L,P = 0.03),while no statistical significance for UMA for the same ones(21.11 ± 10.06) vs(21.22 ± 8.81) mg/L,P = 0.93).There were statistical significance both for Cys C and UMA before and after chemotherapy in platinum-containing group,but the AUC for Ccr and Cys C is greater than that for UMA(P < 0.02).Conclusion:Cys C and UMA can both access renal dysfunction early after chemotherapy,but Cys C is more sensitive than UMA in reflecting early renal dysfunction,so Cys C can replace Ccr and become a reliable indicator in the assessment of renal function for cancer patients before and after chemotherapy especially with platinum.

The correlation of urinary albumin excretion rate with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Objective:To study the correlation of urinary albumin excretion rate with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods: A total of 78 patients with DN treated in our hospital December 2012 and March 2016 were collected and divided into early diabetic nephropathy group (n=51) and middle-advanced diabetic nephropathy group (n=27) according to the DN grading standard;60 subjects with normal renal function who receiving physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. Immediately after admission, the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) of all groups were determined;automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine renal function index levels, ELISA method was used to determine inflammatory factor levels, and RIA method was used to determine the oxidative stress index levels;Pearson test was used to analyze the correlation of UAER value with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress response in patients with DN.Results:Differences in UAER value as well as renal function index, inflammatory response index and oxidative stress index levels were statistically significant among three groups of subjects. UAER value as well as BUN, Scr, CysC,β2-MG, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF- , MDA and AOPP levels of early DN group and middle-advanced DN group were higher than those of normal control group while T-AOC and SOD levels were lower than those of normal control group;UAER value as well as BUN, Scr, CysC,β2-MG, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF- , MDA and AOPP levels of middle-advanced DN group was higher than those of early DN group while T-AOC and SOD levels were lower than those of early DN group;UAER value in patients with DN was correlated with renal function, inflammatory response and oxidative stress.Conclusion:UAER value can directly reflect the renal injury, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with DN, and be the reliable means for early disease diagnosis and treatment guidance.

Analysis of the correlation between baseline serum uric acid, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To assess the impact of baseline serum uric acid(SUA) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR) on cognitive impairment in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods This prospective cohort study included 1 071 type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients who were regularly followed up in Lee’s clinic.Patients were regularly followed up annually with an average of 5 years.The group was divided into cognitive impairment group(CI,n=173)and no significant cognitive impairment group(NCI,n=898) according to the presence or absence of significant cognitive impairment during follow-up.All participants were also divided into three groups according to baseline UACR values:NUA(UACR <30 mg/g),MU A(30≤UACR≤300 mg/g),and LUA(UACR> 300 mg/g).

Role for urinary biomarkers in diagnosis of acute rejection in the transplanted kidney

Despite the introduction of potent immunosuppressive medications within recent decades, acute rejection still accounts for up to 12% of all graft losses, and is generally associated with an increased risk of late graft failure. Current detection of acute rejection relies on frequent monitoring of the serum creatinine followed by a diagnostic renal biopsy. This strategy is flawed since an alteration in the serum creatinine is a late clinical event and significant irreversible histologic damage has often already occurred. Furthermore, biopsies are invasive procedures that carry their own inherent risk. The discovery of non-invasive urinary biomarkers to help diagnose acute rejection has been the subject of a significant amount of investigation. We review the literature on urinary biomarkers here, focusing on specific markers perforin and granzyme B m RNAs, FOXP3 m RNA, CXCL9/CXCL10 and mi RNAs. These and other biomarkers are not yet widely used in clinical settings, but our review of the literature suggests that biomarkers may correlate with biopsy findings and provide an important early indicator of rejection, allowing more rapid treatment and better graft survival.

CHANGES OF URINARY HYDROXYPROLINE IN FRACTURE PATIENTS

Fifteen cases of fresh fractures have been studied, including 14 cases of tubu-lar bone fractures with age from 28 to 60 years and one case of vertebral fracture ofdorsolumbar region, 16 years of age. There were 13 male and 2 female patients. Theyhad no endocrine disturbances or other bone diseases. The ratio ofhydroxyproline/creatinine (HP/Cr) in these cases increased gradually within 20-30 daysafter fracture and then reached the peak value which was about 3-4 times of normal, thepeak value maintained for a long time. If the trauma was mild or the patient was young,the peak began to decline on the 60th day after fracture. While in those severe cases withprolonged confinement to bed, the peak only began to come down about 110th dayafter fracture. The ratio of HP/Cr decreased rapidly from the peak at first, then pursueda slow course. Generally, the ratio of HP/Cr returned to normal on the 240th to 310thday. Bone union began at a time when peak value started to decline, and with completionof the remodelling process, the HP/Cr value returned to normal.

Application of percutaneous nephroscopy in the treatment of upper urinary tract carcinoma

Objective To evaluate the application of percutaneous nephroscopy in the treatment of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma,particularly renal pelvic carcinoma. Methods From June 2006 to June 2010,eight cases ( with 10 sides) of renal pelvic carcinoma

2型糖尿病患者血清25-羟维生素D水平与代谢指标的相关性

目的分析2型糖尿病患者25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,初步了解血清25(OH)D水平与2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛功能等代谢指标的相关性。方法选择新乡市第一人民医院内分泌科2020年1月至2020年12月收治的459例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象。收集患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、血清25(OH)D、空腹胰岛素、C肽、HbA1c、空腹血糖、餐后血糖、尿微量白蛋白、尿白蛋白肌酐比值、血钙、血尿酸(UA)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TCH)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)等。根据血清25(OH)D水平将患者分为充足组[n=20,25(OH)D≥30μg·L^(-1)]、不足组[n=95,20μg·L^(-1)≤25(OH)D<30μg·L^(-1)]、缺乏组[n=231,10μg·L^(-1)≤25(OH)D<20μg·L^(-1)]、严重缺乏组[n=113,25(OH)D<10μg·L^(-1)]。比较4组患者各代谢指标的差异,采用Pearson相关分析25(OH)D与各代谢指标的相关性。结果2型糖尿病患者血清25(OH)D水平为3.00~46.59(15.75±0.35)μg·L^(-1),男性患者的血清25(OH)D水平显著高于女性患者(P<0.05)。2型糖尿病患者25(OH)D缺乏的患病率为74.9%(344/459),25(OH)D缺乏主要发生在1、2、3、4、11、12月份。不足组、缺乏组和严重缺乏组患者HbA1c显著高于充足组(P<0.05),缺乏组和严重缺乏组患者HbA1c显著高于不足组(P<0.05);缺乏组和严重缺乏组患者HbA1c比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。充足组与不足组、缺乏组与严重缺乏组患者空腹血糖比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);缺乏组和严重缺乏组患者空腹血糖显著高于充足组、不足组(P<0.05)。充足组、不足组、缺乏组患者空腹胰岛素、尿微量白蛋白、日尿白蛋白总量、尿白蛋白肌酐比值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);严重缺乏组患者空腹胰岛素显著低于充足组、不足组和缺乏组,尿微量白蛋白、日尿白蛋白总量、尿白蛋白肌酐比值显著高于充足组、不足组和缺乏组(P<0.05)。4组患者的稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、血清白蛋白、血肌酐、餐后1 h血糖、餐后2 h血糖、餐后3 h血糖、空腹C肽、餐后1 h C肽、餐后2 h C肽、餐后3 h C肽、TG、TCH、LDL、HDL、血UA、血钙比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,2型糖尿病患者血清25(OH)D水平与HbA1c、尿微量白蛋白、尿白蛋白肌酐比值呈负相关(r=-0.093、-0.166、-0.157,P<0.05),与空腹胰岛素呈正相关(r=0.089,P<0.05)。2型糖尿病患者血清25(OH)D水平与空腹血糖、HOMA-IR、血清白蛋白、血肌酐、餐后1 h血糖、餐后2 h血糖、餐后3 h血糖、空腹C肽、餐后1 h C肽、餐后2 h C肽、餐后3 h C肽、TG、TCH、LDL、HDL、血UA、血钙等无相关性(P>0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者25(OH)D缺乏与不足普遍存在,女性患者缺乏更明显。2型糖尿病患者25(OH)D水平与空腹胰岛素呈正相关,与HbA1c、尿微量白蛋白、尿白蛋白肌酐比值呈负相关,25(OH)D缺乏的2型糖尿病患者主要分布在1、2、3、4、11、12月份。

我国社区人群甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值的相关性

目的探讨我国社区人群甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积(TyG)指数与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)的相关性,并比较不同胰岛素抵抗指数和肥胖指数对异常白蛋白尿预测价值的差异。方法共纳入来自REACTION(中国糖尿病患者癌症风险评估)数据库的34655例受试者,根据UACR值将其分为正常白蛋白尿组和异常白蛋白尿组,再根据TyG指数将其再分为TyG-Q_(1)组~TyG-Q_(4)组。收集所有受试者一般临床资料、实验室检查指标及各项指数并分组进行比较。采用多因素logistic回归分析评估TyG指数与UACR异常的相关性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估TyG指数等新型指标对异常白蛋白尿的预测效能。结果Q_(2)、Q_(3)和Q_(4)组受试者异常白蛋白尿发生率、体重、WC、HC、TC、ALT、AST、GGT、SBP、DBP均显著高于Q_(1)组;Q_(3)组受试者LDL-C显著高于Q_(1)组;Q_(4)组受试者身高显著高于Q_(1)组(P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,TyG指数作为连续变量时,TyG指数与UACR异常呈显著正相关;TyG指数为分类变量时,高TyG指数与UACR异常呈显著正相关(Q3组P=0.015,Q4组P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,TyG指数、HOME-IR、METS-IR、CVAI、ABSI和BMI对异常白蛋白尿发生均具有预测价值(P<0.001),TyG指数和CVAI的预测价值显著高于其他指标(P<0.05),但两者的预测效能无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论TyG指数升高与中国社区人群UACR异常显著相关,TyG指数和CVAI对异常白蛋白尿的发生预测价值最高,提示其在临床预测中具有潜在应用价值。

膜性肾病患者抗磷脂酶A2受体抗体定量水平与肾损伤标志物的相关性

目的探讨膜性肾病(MN)患者抗磷脂酶A2受体(PLA2R)抗体定量水平与肾损伤标志物的相关性。方法回顾性选取2020年5月至2021年4月就诊于厦门大学附属第一医院的79例MN患者作为MN组。另选取同期45例临床诊断非MN患者作为对照组。比较两组抗PLA2R抗体定量水平的差异及不同截断值下的诊断性能。收集MN组血清和尿液标志物检测结果,包括尿液24 h尿蛋白(24 h-UTP)、尿微量清蛋白(ALB)与肌酐(Cr)比值(ACR)以及血清总蛋白(TP)、ALB、尿素氮(BUN)、Cr、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂胱抑素C(Cys C)水平。根据改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDIGO2012)指南以抗PLA2R抗体定量150 RU/mL为截断值分成低浓度组(≤150 RU/mL)和高浓度组(>150 RU/mL),分析比较各肾损伤标志物差异。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价诊断效能。采用Spearman相关分析抗PLA2R抗体水平与24 h-UTP、ACR、ALB、BUN的相关性。结果MN组抗PLA2R抗体水平[79.80(21.70,206.70)RU/mL]高于对照组[1.54(1.36,1.74)RU/mL],差异有统计学意义(Z=-8.47,P<0.01)。<40岁、40~60岁、>60岁抗PLA2R抗体水平分别为40.9(21.4,84.9)RU/mL、73.2(5.1,202.5)RU/mL、171.6(40.9,460.2)RU/mL,抗PLA2R抗体水平随年龄升高而升高,差异有统计学意义(H=10.44,P<0.05)。截断值≥20 RU/mL时,抗PLA2R抗体诊断MN的特异度为100.0%,但灵敏度仅78.5%。ROC曲线分析结果显示,最佳截断值为2.16 RU/mL时,灵敏度为92.4%,特异度为95.6%,约登指数为0.880。高浓度组纳入27例患者,低浓度组纳入52例患者。高浓度组24 h-UTP、ACR、BUN水平明显高于低浓度组,ALB水平明显低于低浓度组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,抗PLA2R抗体与24 h-UTP、ACR、BUN呈正相关(r=0.635、0.628、0.240,P<0.05),与ALB呈负相关(r=-0.344,P<0.05)。结论抗PLA2R抗体定量水平对于MN患者具有较好诊断价值,抗PLA2R抗体定量水平与肾损伤标志物存在一定相关性,研究结果为本地区MN的临床诊断治疗提供参考。

肾移植术后尿路感染209例的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的探讨肾移植术后不同时期尿路感染的特点及其相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析209例肾移植受者的临床资料,按照术后随访时间分为3个时期,第一时期为移植术后1个月内,第二时期为术后1~6个月,第三时期为术后7~12个月。分析肾移植术后不同时期尿路感染的发生情况,发生尿路感染受者的尿培养结果及常见病原菌耐药特点。分析反复尿路感染者的菌群,分析尿路感染的危险因素及尿路感染对移植肾功能的影响。结果第一时期尿路感染率为90.0%,第二时期尿路感染率为49.3%,第三时期尿路感染率为22.5%。第二时期、第三时期亲属活体器官捐献男性受者的尿路感染率低于女性受者(均为P<0.05)。尿培养结果阳性60例,共检出病原菌84株,以革兰阴性菌为主,其中肺炎克雷伯菌占比最高。66例受者反复发生尿路感染,检出病原菌包括肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、光滑假丝酵母菌和其他。单因素分析结果显示,术后使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白是第一时期发生尿路感染的危险因素,术前尿路感染、供者类型是第二时期发生尿路感染组的危险因素,受者性别、年龄是第三时期发生尿路感染的危险因素;多因素分析结果显示,术后使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白是第一时期发生尿路感染的危险因素,受者性别、年龄是第三时期发生尿路感染的危险因素(均为P<0.05)。第三时期治愈65例,未治愈38例,治愈患者治疗后血清肌酐及白细胞水平较治疗前下降(均为P<0.05)。结论肾移植受者尿路感染以革兰阴性菌为主,其耐药性较高;术后使用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白、女性和高龄是肾移植受者发生尿路感染的危险因素。

尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值、尿视黄醇结合蛋白及尿β2微球蛋白联合检测对糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值(ACR)、尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)及尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)联合检测对糖尿病肾病的诊断价值。方法 对2022年1月—2023年6月本院收治的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者200例临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据是否有糖尿病肾病分为肾病组(100例)、单纯糖尿病(DM)组(100例),均接受ACR、RBP及β2-MG联合检测,对检测结果进行分析。结果 肾病组ACR、RBP、β2-MG水平与单纯糖尿病组比较有明显差异(P<0.05);肾病组患者不同Mogensen分期患者的尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值、尿视黄醇及尿β2微球蛋白水平比较有明显差异(P<0.05);单项检测的诊断特异度、灵敏度明显较联合检测低(P<0.05)。结论 ACR、RBP、β2-MG联合检测对糖尿病肾病具有较高的检测价值,在出现早期肾损伤时即可检出,也有助于评估肾病程度,为临床制定治疗方案提供参考依据。

同型半胱氨酸及尿蛋白肌酐比与糖尿病肾病的关系

目的:本研究拟观察糖尿病肾病患者合并不同程度肾脏损害时,机体血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)的水平,并分析其与糖尿病肾病中肾脏损害的关系。方法:选取400例糖尿病肾病患者为研究对象(糖尿病肾病组);200例单纯2型糖尿病患者为对照组(2型糖尿病组)。对比两组患者血清Hcy与UACR的水平。参照肾小球滤过率(GFR)相关标准分组(将G1、G2期纳入早期糖尿病肾病组,G3-G5期纳入晚期糖尿病肾病组),对比两组患者年龄、性别等一般资料及血清Hcy与UACR水平。经二元回归分析后,将P值放宽至<0.1,将符合条件的因素同时纳入作为自变量,经Logistic回归分析上述指标与GFR水平的相关性。结果:与单纯2型糖尿病组患者相比,糖尿病肾病组患者血清Hcy与UACR水平较高(P<0.05);两组其他一般资料无统计学差异(P>0.05);经Logistic回归分析显示,2型糖尿病患者血清Hcy及UACR水平与肾损伤有关(OR=1.577,95%CI:1.320~1.738,P<0.05;OR=1.031,95%CI:1.024~1.038,P<0.05);晚期糖尿病肾病组患者血清Hcy及UACR水平高于早期糖尿病肾病组患者,GFR水平低于早期糖尿病肾病组患者(P<0.05);经双变量Spearman直线相关性检验显示,血清Hcy及UACR水平与糖尿病肾病患者肾损伤程度(GFR水平)均呈负相关(r=-0.468、-0.719,P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病肾病患者血清Hcy及UACR水平与肾脏损害(GFR水平)密切相关。

尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐、血清胱抑素C、血清β2-微球蛋白在高血压肾病早期诊断中的价值

目的研讨尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐(UACR)、血清胱抑素C(Cys-C)、血清β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)再诊断早期高血压肾病中的价值。方法选择新乡医学院第三附属医院2022年1月至2022年12月收入的82例高血压患者,依照有无合并肾病分为高血压无明确肾病组40例和高血压肾病组42例,再选择42例同期入院的健康体检者为对照组。检测所有研究对象UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平,对比三组检测结果。结果高血压肾病组UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平均高于高血压无明确肾病组和对照组,高血压无明确肾病组UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平较对照组高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同肾脏受损分级高血压患者的UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平存在差异,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着肾脏受损分级的增高,UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG水平也在不断增高;UACR联合Cys-C联合β2-MG检测高血压肾病阳性率97.62%,高于UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG单一检测的85.71%、80.95%、76.19%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG值均与肾脏受损程度呈正相关性(P<0.05)。结论UACR、Cys-C、β2-MG联合检测可辅助诊断早期高血压肾病,在临床应将三项指标联合应用,但还需结合病史和临床表现综合诊断。

半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C与糖尿病肾病的相关性

目的探讨半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys C)与糖尿病肾病(DKD)的相关性。方法收集2019年1月至12月陕西省人民医院内分泌科住院的122例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的临床资料,按尿白蛋白与肌酐比值(UACR)分为单纯糖尿病(DM)组(UACR<30 mg/g,89例)、DKD组(UACR≥30 mg/g,33例)。比较两组临床资料,采用logistic回归分析T2DM患者发生DKD的危险因素,绘制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评价Cys C对DKD的预测价值。结果DKD组收缩压、碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白、球蛋白、血清肌酐、尿微量白蛋白、尿α_(1)微球蛋白、UACR、Cys C均高于单纯DM组,病程长于单纯DM组(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,Cys C是DKD的危险因素(OR=28.369,95%CI:1.208~666.129,P=0.038)。ROC曲线分析显示,Cys C预测DKD的曲线下面积为0.757(P<0.05)。结论Cys C与T2DM合并DKD密切相关,检测Cys C可用于评估DKD病情进展。

保肾灵丸联合西药治疗糖尿病肾病的临床疗效及对患者尿白蛋白指标的影响

目的:分析保肾灵丸联合西药对糖尿病肾病患者(DN)临床疗效及尿白蛋白指标的影响。方法:纳入2022年1月—2023年12月于安庆市石化医院就诊的DN患者80例,按照随机数字表法分为保肾灵丸组、对照组,每组40例,两组均进行西药治疗,保肾灵丸组则加用保肾灵丸。比较两组治疗前后患者血糖、血清炎性因子、抗氧化酶及尿白蛋白指标水平,统计服药期间胃肠道不适、低血糖等不良反应。结果:治疗后两组患者血糖、血清炎性因子、尿白蛋白指标水平均显著下降,抗氧化酶水平均显著上升(P<0.01);保肾灵丸组治疗后空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹2 h血糖(2 h PG)显著低于对照组(P<0.01);血清白介素-18(IL-18)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平显著低于对照组(P<0.01);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01);尿微量白蛋白(U-mAlb)、尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐(ACR)显著低于对照组(P<0.01);低血糖、胃肠道不适等不良反应总发生率比较,保肾灵丸组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:保肾灵丸联合西药治疗DN可有效改善尿白蛋白指标,降低患者血糖,下调炎性因子水平,提高机体抗氧化能力,延缓肾功能损伤,且安全性高,有较好的临床疗效。