Analysis of Detecting HIV-1 Antibody in Paired Urine and Serum Specimens from Drug Users by ELISA

Objective- To compare the consistency of the results from detecting HIV-1 antibody in the paired urine and serum specimens from drug users by ELISA. Methods: The paired urine and serum specimens from 273 drug users detained at a detoxification unit were collected, and the HIV-1 antibodies in the specimens of them were screened by urine and serum ELISA kits, respectively. Results: Of 273 serum specimens, 94 ones showed positive reaction and among 94 counterpart urine specimens, 93 ones also appeared positive reaction. Taking the results together,the consistent rate of HIV-1 antibody screened by urine and serum ELISA kits was 99.6%. Conclusion: The urine ELISA kit, which screened HIV-1 antibody of urine showing almost the same results tested by serum ELISA kit, is reliable. It is proposed that urine ELISA be introduced in many fields.

Urine microscopy and neutrophilelymphocyte ratio are early predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with urinary tract infection

Objective:Urinary tract infection(UTI)is a common cause of morbidity and hospitalisation in the population worldwide.Upper UTI is indolent and causes subclinical acute kidney injury(AKI)resulting in preventable cause of scarring of renal parenchyma.We explored urinary and serum levels of kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),haematological parameters and quantitative urine microscopy parameters to predict kidney injury.Methods:Neutrophilelymphocyte ratio(NLR)is obtained by dividing absolute neutrophil count with absolute lymphocyte count.Quantitative urine sediment microscopy was performed and correlated with clinical,biochemical and haematological findings to predict AKI in patients with UTI.Quantitative ELISA was performed for serum and urine levels of KIM-1.Seventy two adult patients with UTI were enrolled,45 of whom had AKI while 27 were in the non-AKI group.Results:NLR(p=0.005)and renal tubular epithelial cell-granular cast score in quantitative urine microscopy(p=0.008)are strong predictors of AKI in patients with UTI while rest of quantitative urine microscopy parameters and serum and urinary levels of KIM-1 molecule were not found to be useful in prediction of AKI.Conclusion:NLR in haemogram is a novel and useful biomarker for predicting AKI in patients with UTI.

不同剂量非奈利酮治疗早期2型糖尿病肾病的疗效及对血清IGF-1、IL-6水平的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量非奈利酮治疗早期2型糖尿病肾病(DKD)患者的临床疗效及对血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法 选取2023年1月至2023年8月荆州市中心医院就诊的76例早期DKD患者为研究对象,随机分为小剂量组(10 mg/d,n=38)和大剂量组(20 mg/d,n=38),比较两组治疗前及治疗12周后肾功能指标[尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)、血清肌酐(Scr)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)]、血钾、血压及血清IGF-1、IL-6水平的变化。结果 治疗后,两组UACR、Scr、IGF-1、IL-6均低于治疗前(P<0.05),eGFR、血钾均高于治疗前,且大剂量组上述指标改善效果优于小剂量组(P<0.05);两组治疗后SBP、DBP与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,治疗前UACR与血清IGF-1、IL-6水平呈正相关;治疗后,大剂量组UACR与血清IGF-1、IL-6水平呈正相关,小剂量组UACR与血清IGF-1、IL-6水平无相关性。结论 与小剂量非奈利酮相比,大剂量非奈利酮能减少早期DKD患者的尿蛋白,降低血清IGF-1与IL-6水平,进一步改善肾功能,但可能有一定的血钾升高风险,临床应用时需关注。

Cervical Length Estimation and Cervicovaginal Fluid for Placental <i>α</i>-Microglobulin 1 Testing to Screen Women Had Threatened Preterm Labor for Time till Spontaneous Labor

Objectives: Evaluation of diagnostic performance of rapid testing of cervico-vaginal fluid (CVF) for fetal fibronectin (FFN) and placental α-microglobulin 1 (PAMG-1) as screening of women presented by threatened preterm labor (TPTL) with intact membranes for duration till getting spontaneous labor (SL). Patients & Methods: 37 women presenting with TPTL underwent CVF samplings before digital examination and then underwent transvaginal ultrasonography for estimation of cervical length (CL). All women received fluid and anxiolytic therapy and if uterine contractions persisted, all had received tocolytic therapy with oral nifedipine or intravenous magnesium sulphate according to requirements. Incidence of SL within Results: Incidence of SL was 13.5%, 35.2% and 51.3% within 48-hr, 2 - 7 and 7 - 14 days, respectively. Duration till labor after sampling was positively correlated with CL, while was negatively correlated with positive FFN and PAMG-1 tests. Positive FFN test had high specificity, while positive PAMG-1 test had high sensitivity for labor within 7 days. Regression analysis defined short CL and positive PAMG-1 test as significant predictors for short duration till SL. ROC curve analysis defined short cervix and positive PAMG-1 test as significant predictors for labor within 48-hr and within 2 - 7 days respectively and combined negative PAMG-1 test and CL of 20 - 25 mm were significant predictors for labor within 7 - 14 days. Conclusion: PAMG-1 test had high specificity, if positive, for predicting SL and high NPP, if negative, for excluding labor within 7 days, so it can be used as rapid adjuvant to clinical evaluation to help management decision-making. Moreover, PAMG-1 test is recommended screening test for being easy-to-use bedside test, provides rapid results, can be used after vaginal exam and coitus and does not require a speculum examination or specialized equipment to analyze results.

Green Photoluminescent Methodology for Aluminium Traces Quantification in 24-Hour Urine of Subjects with Different Exposition to Tobacco Smoke

The aim of this work has been to evaluate the aluminium (Al(III)) traces contents in 24-hour urine samples from subjects with different tobacco smoke expositions using a new methodology with 1,4-dihydroxy-9, 10-anthraquinone (Quinizarine, QZ) as a fluorosphore. Biological samples were tested using commercial reagent strips and clinical parameters. Al(III) was determined complexing with QZ followed by a solid phase extraction step using Nylon membranes as a solid support. The analyte was subsequently quantified by solid surface fluorescence (SSF, λem= 573, λexc= 490) with a detection limit of 0.88 μg L-1 and quantification limit of 2.69 μg L-1. The calibration curve was linear from 2.69 to 499.13 μg L-1 Al(III) (R2 = 0.9973). Urine samples were successfully analysed with an average recovery close to 100%. Solid phase extraction step showed efficacy to eliminate foreign ions and the highly fluorescent matrix own of urine. Results were validated by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) with an adequate concordance. The new methodology has low operation cost with simple instrumentation and without organic solvent.

Effect of mechanical ventilation on urine volume and expression of aquaporins in rabbits

Objective:To explore biological mechanisms underlying the traditional Chinese medicine theory of 'lung governing the regulation of water passage' by observing effects of mechanical ventilation on urine volume and related bioactive substances.Methods:A total of 16 male rabbits were randomly divided into control and lung expansion model groups (n =8 per group),which were examined during the following four respiratory intervention stages (10 minutes each):(1) free breathing without any respiratory intervention;(2) lung expansion induced by mechanical ventilator;(3) free breathing without ventilator intervention;(4) cutting of bilateral sympathetic,vagus,and depressor nerves with mechanical ventilation.Data for breathing rate,blood pressure,and urine drops were recorded with a Medlab data acquisition system.Levels of nitric oxide (NO),antidiuretic hormone (ADH),endothelin 1 (ET-1),angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ),prostaglandin E2 (PGE2),and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were detected in lung tissue,kidney tissue,and serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Protein expression of aquaporins 1 and 2 (AQP1 and AQP2) was detected in kidney tissue by immunohistochemistry,while Aqp1 mRNA and Aqp2 mRNA levels in kidney tissue were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Histopathological changes in lung and kidney tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results:Compared with the control group,number of urine drops during the second and fourth stages is significantly decreased in the model group (P <.05).In addition,NO and PGE2 content in lung and kidney tissues was significantly decreased in the model group (P <.05).ANP content in model group lung and kidney tissues was significantly increased (P <.05),while ET-1 content in these tissues was significantly decreased (P <.05).AngⅡ content in kidney tissue was significantly decreased in the model group (P <.05),while serum AngⅡ content of the animals was significantly increased (P <.05).Expression of AQP1 and AQP2 proteins in kidney tissue was significantly higher in the model group than in the control group (P <.05).No obvious histopathological changes were observed in lung or kidney tissues of animals in either group.Conclusions:Mechanical ventilation reduced urine volume,increased expression of AQP1 and AQP2 in kidney tissue,and altered levels of NO,ADH,ET-1,AngⅡ,PGE2,and ANP in lung tissue,kidney tissue,and serum.These results provide an experimental basis for preliminary studies of mechanisms under pinning the theory of 'lung governing the regulation of water passage'.

血清和尿液联合检测免疫球蛋白结合蛋白1在狼疮性肾炎中的预测价值

目的探讨血清和尿液联合检测免疫球蛋白结合蛋白1(IGBP1)在狼疮性肾炎(LN)中的预测价值。方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月LN患者60例为LN组,选取同期诊治的系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者60例作为SLE组,比较2组血清IGBP1、尿IGBP1水平,并分析血清IGBP1、尿IGBP1单独及二者联合检测对LN的预测价值。结果LN组血清IGBP1、尿IGBP1水平高于SLE组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,血清IGBP1、尿IGBP1是LN的影响因素(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示,血清IGBP1、尿IGBP1、联合检测LN的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.856、0.834、0.902,约登指数分别为0.533、0.533、0.666,血清IGBP1的敏感度、特异度分别为85.0%、68.3%,尿IGBP1的敏感度、特异度分别为53.3%、100.0%,联合检测的敏感度、特异度分别78.3%、88.3%。结论血清IGBP1、尿IGBP1在LN患者中呈高表达,二者联合对LN具有较高的预测价值。

血清肾损伤分子1、胱抑素-C、尿微量清蛋白检测对早期糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的探讨血清肾损伤分子1(KIM-1)、胱抑素-C(Cys-C)、尿微量清蛋白(UmAlb)检测对早期糖尿病肾病(DN)的诊断价值。方法选取2019年5月至2022年4月九江市中医医院收治的114例糖尿病患者作为研究对象,评估患者早期DN发生情况并分为早期DN发生组、未发生组;检测并比较两组患者血清KIM-1、Cys-C、UmAlb水平,分析血清KIM-1、Cys-C、UmAlb联合检测对早期DN的诊断价值。结果114例糖尿病患者中有37例发生早期DN,发生率为32.46%;早期DN发生组血清KIM-1、Cys-C、UmAlb水平均高于未发生组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);绘制ROC曲线显示,血清KIM-1、Cys-C、UmAlb单独及联合检测诊断早期DN的AUC>0.080,均有一定诊断价值,且联合检测诊断价值最高。结论联合检测血清KIM-1、Cys-C、UmAlb诊断早期DN有较高应用价值,对临床诊治有重要指导意义。

β_(2)-MG、Hcy、尿Kim-1联合检测对高血压肾病的诊断价值

目的探究对高血压肾病患者采用β_(2)微球蛋白(β_(2)Microglobulin,β_(2)-MG)、同型半胱氨酸(Homocyste-ine,Hcy)、尿肾损伤分子-1(Kidney injury molecule 1,Kim-1)联合检测的诊断价值。方法非随机选取2020年1月—2022年12月睢宁县中医院收治的53例高血压肾病患者为A组,选取同期53例高血压无肾病患者为B组,选取同期52例健康体检者为C组。对上述3组患者均进行β_(2)-MG、Hcy、尿Kim-1检测,同时绘制受试者工作特征(Receiver Operating Characteristic,ROC)曲线,探究上述3个指标联合检测的诊断效能。结果A组β_(2)-MG(14.53±2.17)mg/L、Hcy(27.25±5.61)µmol/L、尿Kim-1(5.68±0.76)ng/mL高于B组(7.53±1.24)mg/L、(19.87±4.85)µmol/L、(2.65±0.50)ng/mL和C组(2.20±0.51)mg/L、(11.20±1.87)µmol/L、(0.48±0.09)ng/mL,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。通过ROC曲线分析,β_(2)-MG、Hcy、尿Kim-1联合检测的曲线下面积(Area Under Curve,AUC)为0.873。结论在诊断高血压肾病患者时,采用β_(2)-MG、Hcy、尿Kim-1联合检测,有较高诊断价值。

改良的高效液相色谱法测定尿中1-羟基芘

改进并规范了尿中 1 羟基芘的碱水解 -高效液相色谱分析方法。尿样经碱水解、二氯甲烷提取后 ,用反相柱分离 ,荧光检测器检测。内标标准曲线法定量。标准曲线线性范围 10～ 50 0 μg L。尿样加标的检出限 (三倍噪声 )为 0 0 1ng ,定量限为 1 0 μg L尿。高、低两个浓度下的回收率分别为 99 5%和 94 0 % ;天内精密度为 5 8%和 6 2 % (RSD) ;天间精密度为 7 7%和 8 9% (RSD)。该方法可用于测定接触多环芳烃人群的尿中 1 羟基芘 ,具有快速简便。

ELISA法检测尿液中HIV-1抗体的研究分析

目的 探讨艾滋病病毒 (HIV)感染者晨尿、非晨尿和血液中HIV 1抗体检测结果的一致性 ,引进尿液HIV 1抗体检测方法。方法 平行采集吸毒人员血液和尿液标本 ,分别用血液和尿液酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)法检测HIV抗体 ,阳性血清标本送云南省疾病预防控制中心确认。结果 检测 4 83人 ,血检阳性 91人 ,晨尿检测阳性 96人 ,两种方法一致性 98 96 %。对应晨尿阳性者采集非晨尿和阴性对照尿液标本各 91份 (其中血液标本检测HIV抗体阳性者 86份 ) ,检出阳性 86份 ,阴性 5份 ,非晨尿标本与血液标本检测结果一致。以血液标本检测结果为准 ,晨尿标本检测HIV 1抗体的灵敏度 10 0 % ,特异度 98 72 % ;非晨尿标本检测HIV 1抗体的灵敏度和特异度均为 10 0 %。结论 尿液ELISA法检测HIV 1抗体结果可靠 ,非晨尿可代替晨尿作HIV

人参皂甙Rg1对糖尿病肾病大鼠TNF-α、MCP-1表达的影响

目的观察人参皂甙Rg1对糖尿病肾病大鼠尿蛋白以及炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、单核细胞趋化因子蛋白-1(MCP-1)表达的影响。方法将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组、糖尿病模型组、人参皂甙Rg1治疗组、厄贝沙坦(ARB)治疗组。采用链脲佐菌素(65mg/kg)腹腔注射建立糖尿病大鼠模型。于动物处死前1d测血糖,用代谢笼收集24h尿液,记录尿量行24h尿蛋白定量和肾功检查。光镜及电镜观察肾组织的病理变化。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血MCP-1、血及肾TNF-α水平;免疫组织化学检测肾脏组织MCP-1蛋白的表达;实时荧光定量PCR(real-ti me PCR)检测肾脏组织中MCP-1、TNF-α基因水平的表达。结果模型组大鼠镜下见肾小球体积增大,基底膜增厚及系膜物质增多,足细胞较正常对照组减少(P<0.01)。两治疗组与模型组分别比较,肾小球基底膜未见明显增宽,足细胞数增加(P<0.05)。两治疗组之间无明显差异。模型组大鼠血糖、24h尿蛋白、血肌酐水平升高,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两治疗组与模型组相比,血糖水平无明显变化(P>0.05),但24h尿蛋白、血肌酐水平均有所改善(P<0.05)。免疫组织化学、ELISA和real-ti me PCR结果表明,与对照组相比,模型组MCP-1、TNF-α的表达增加(P<0.05),两治疗组MCP-1、TNF-α表达较模型组减少(P<0.05),但两治疗组无明显差异。相关性分析提示MCP-1、TNF-α水平与24h尿蛋白水平(r=0.7802,0.6963)、肾小球硬化指数(r=0.8296,0.7413)、足细胞基底膜厚度(r=0.7678,0.6701)成正相关(P<0.05)。结论人参皂甙Rg1能降低TNF-α、MCP-1的水平,改善糖尿病肾病大鼠足细胞及肾脏的病理损害,能显著减少糖尿病大鼠24h尿蛋白,具有一定的肾保护作用。

尿α_1-MG和尿NAG与肾小管间质病理变化的关系

目的 探讨尿α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、尿N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)与肾小管间质病理变化的关系。方法 1999年1月-2003年2月间因各种肾脏疾病收治入院行肾穿刺活检术的患儿142例,采用散射比浊法和尿手工比色法分别测定尿α1-MG和尿NAG,分析其与肾小管间质病理变化的关系。结果 尿α1-MG、尿NAG水平与肾小管间质病变程度呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论 尿α1-MG和NAG可动态观察肾小管间质病变和临床治疗效果,以判断肾脏疾病的预后。

慢乙肝病人尿中转化生长因子-β_1水平测定的意义

研究和探讨检测尿TGF - β1水平在肝纤维化中的意义。采用双抗体夹心ELISA法及放射免疫法检测了 15例正常人 ,15例慢活肝和 15例肝硬化患者尿TGF - β1水平 (用同一尿标本Cr水平作标准比 )和血清PCⅢ ,Ⅳ -C ,HA及LN水平。肝硬化患者尿TGF - β1/Cr水平和PCⅢ ,Ⅳ -C ,HA及LN水平明显高于慢活肝和正常人组 ,且两者呈明显正相关。另外尿TGF - β1/Cr水平与肝功能指标中白蛋白呈明显负相关 ,与球蛋白、间接胆红素呈明显正相关。尿TGF - β1/Cr水平与肝纤维化密切相关 。

吐温20增敏同步荧光光谱法测定尿液中1-羟基芘

尿液中1-羟基芘作为人体内多环芳烃(PAHs)的代谢产物,是高浓度PAHs职业环境和一般环境中人体接触PAHs的一个灵敏指标,已被广泛用于评价人体和动物与多环芳烃接触的内暴露生物指示物,其含量的测定具有十分重要的意义。本研究建立了人尿中1-羟基芘(1-OHP)的同步荧光测定方法。在Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液(pH2.6)中,以同步波长差Δλ=34nm进行同步荧光扫描,其同步特征峰的强度与1-OHP的浓度呈线性关系。表面活性剂吐温20对1-OHP的同步荧光具有增敏作用。本方法的线性范围为2.5×10-10～5.0×10-7mol/L;检出限为9.5×10-11mol/L;相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.78%(1.0×10-7mol/L,n=11)。应用于实际尿样的测定,加标回收率为93.8%～107.4%。

吸毒人群尿液 血液标本HIV-1抗体ELISA检测对比分析

目的 用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)检测吸毒人群尿液标本中艾滋病病毒 1型 (HIV 1 )抗体 ,与血清学检测结果进行比较。方法 采集某市劳教所吸毒者尿液、血液标本 354例 ,HIV 1抗体阳性吸毒者复检尿液标本1 9例 ,共计 373例。应用ELISA初筛试剂检测尿液及血液标本中HIV 1抗体 ,阳性者取其血液标本进一步用Genelabs试剂做蛋白印迹 (WB)试验确认。结果 尿液、血液标本中检测HIV 1抗体的特异性为 99 72 % ,尿试剂的假阳性率为 0 2 8% ;血液标本HIV 1抗体阳性者 ,尿液标本检测也呈阳性 ,灵敏度为 1 0 0 %。结论 尿液标本用ELISA方法检测HIV 1抗体与血液标本ELISA方法的检出率有高度的一致性。尿试剂适用于对高危人群进行尿液HIV

大同市居民尿中1-羟基芘的十年变化趋势

尿中1-羟基芘可作为人体接触环境中多环芳烃的生物监测指标。我们于2002年12月采集和测定了大同市两个典型功能区居民尿液中的1-羟基芘,并结合过去的研究数据分析了大同市居民尿中1-羟基芘近十年来的变化趋势,也从生物监测的角度反映了近十年来典型煤烟型城市大同空气环境质量的变化情况。

人尿中1-羟基芘与空气中多环芳烃的定量关系

本文对不同采样点人尿中的1-羟基芘含量和受试人携带的个体空气采样器中以及所在环境中固定采样器中多环芳烃的浓度进行了测定。数理统计结果表明,尿中1-羟基芘与个体采样器中的芘或苯并(a)芘有显著的正相关。个体采样器的测定结果较客观地反映了受试人吸入空气中多环芳烃的浓度,证明尿中1-羟基芘在人体接触多环芳烃的健康风险评价中,是一个有效的生物监测指标。

糖尿病肾病与MCP-1、SICAM-1的相关性及辛伐他汀对其干预治疗的作用

目的探讨糖尿病肾病(DN)与血清单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-l)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子1(sICAM-l)的相关性,以及辛伐他汀干预治疗对早期DN的作用。方法将60例DN患者随机分为对照组和辛伐他汀治疗组,治疗16周后,观察两组血清MCP-l、sICAM-l及尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)变化,评价辛伐他汀对患者肾脏的保护作用。结果与对照组比较,治疗组血清MCP-1、sICAM-1及UAER均明显降低(P均<0.05)。结论辛伐他汀对早期DN患者有肾脏保护作用,能延缓其进展为终末期肾病。

广东省1型糖尿病患者肾病的危险因素分析

【目的】了解广东省1型糖尿病(T1DM)患者糖尿病肾病(DN)的现况并探讨其危险因素。【方法】通过广东省T1DM临床研究数据库登记2000年1月1日及以后就诊的T1DM患者人口学资料和临床资料,收集随访患者的全血及尿液标本进行糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及尿白蛋白/肌酐(UACR)的中心化检测。根据UACR将患者分为正常白蛋白尿组,微量白蛋白尿组及大量白蛋白尿组。用秩和检验和Logistic回归分析DN与各因素的相关性。【结果】2010年8月至2011年3月共纳入814例患者,中位年龄29.4岁(四分位数间距20.2,41.4,下同),糖尿病病程3.2年(0.8,7.2),HbA1c为8.6%(6.9%,11.0%)。其中正常白蛋白尿组636例(78.1%)、微量白蛋白尿组134例(16.5%),大量白蛋白尿组44例(5.4%)。Logistic回归分析显示病程、腰臀比(WHR)、HbAlc是DN的独立危险因素。【结论】该患者群体中患DN的比例较高(21.9%)。T1DM患者DN与病程、WHR、HbAlc相关。迫切需要加强对广东省T1DM患者的综合管理,提高DN的防治水平。