THE VALUE OF URINE PROTEIN EXCRETION IN DIAGNOSING EARLY DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

We tested urine albumin excretion rate (UAER), urine transrerrin (TRF ), retinolulnding protein (RBP), N --acetyl--aD-gi ucosamlnldase (N AG ), P, - mi c rogl obu I in (P, -- M G ) and lgGIn 45 cases of NIDDM. Thirty cases with UAER<300 mg/d were divided into two groups. Data wereshown with urine protein index (urine protein/urine creatlne). ResultS showed that urine transferrinwas more seusltlve than albumlu, and the combined test or urine Protein is nontraumatic, which hadsteatncance to diagnose early diabetic nepkropatby.

Predicting the excretion of feces,urine and nitrogen using support vector regression:A case study with Holstein dry cows

Predicting the excretion of feces,urine and nitrogen(N)from dairy cows is an effective way to prevent and control the environmental pollution caused by scaled farming.The traditional prediction methods such as pollutant generation coefficient(PGC)and mathematical model based on linear regression(LR)may be limited by prediction range and regression function assumption,and sometimes may deviate from the actual condition.In order to solve these problems,the support vector regression(SVR)was applied for predicting the cows'feces,urine and N excretions,taking Holstein dry cows as a case study.SVR is a typical non-parametric machine learning model that does not require any specific assumptions about the regression function in advance and only by learning the training sample data,and also it can fit the function closest to the actual in most cases.To evaluate prediction accuracy effectively,the SVR technique was compared with the LR and radial basis function artificial neural network(RBF-ANN)methods,using the required sample data obtained from actual feeding experiments.The prediction results indicate that the proposed technique is superior to the other two conventional(especially LR)methods in predicting the main indicators of feces,urine,and N excretions of Holstein dry cows.

High sensitive C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and urine albumin excretion rate in Chinese coronary artery disease patients with different glucose tolerance status

Background Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）, adiponectin levels and urine albumin excretion rate （UAER） are probably associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the three markers in coronary artery disease （CAD） subjects with different glucose tolerance status in a Chinese population and further explore the levels of the three markers in these subjects and the possible association of these markers with CAD risk factors and the severity of CAD as well. Methods A total of 242 subjects with angiographically documented CAD were recruited, and then assigned to three groups： the normal glucose tolerance （NGT） ＋ CAD group, including 100 CAD patients with NGT; the impaired glucose tolerance （IGT） ＋ CAD group, 40 CAD patients with IGT; the type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） ＋ CAD group, 102 CAD patients with T2DM. Serum hs-CRP, adiponectin levels as well as UAER were measured in all subjects. Results Serum hs-CRP levels were increased in the T2DM ＋ CAD group compared with the NGT ＋ CAD group （4.71±2.59） vs （3.60±2.46） mg/L, P=0.037. Serum adiponectin levels were gradually decreased from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups, （5.99±1.84）, （5.82±1.72） and （4.65±1.71） mg/L, P=0.002 and 0.040 for NGT ＋ CAD and IGT ＋ CAD groups vs T2DM ＋ CAD group, respectively. While the UAER was gradually increased from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups, （6.42±2.51）, （6.89±2.94） and （15.03±4.22） μg/min （P 〈0.001） for NGT ＋ CAD and IGT ＋ CAD groups vs T2DM ＋ CAD group. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that waist-hip ratio （WHR） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） were the significant determinants of serum hs-CRP levels; triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, age, WHR, T2DM, 2-hour serum insulin （2hINS）, sex, and apolipoprotein B were the significant determinants of serum adiponectin levels; and systolic blood pressure （SBP）, T2DM and hemoglobin A1c （HbA1c） were the significant determinants of UAER in all subjects （R^2= 0.070, 0.352, and 0.214, respectively）. However, no significant correlation was seen for hs-CRP, adiponectin and UAER with the severity of CAD. Hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with UAER. Conclusions There was a trend of increased serum hs-CRP levels from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups, though it only showed significance in the T2DM ＋ CAD group compared with the NGT ＋ CAD group. Serum adiponectin levels were decreased and UAER was increased from the NGT ＋ CAD to IGT ＋ CAD to T2DM ＋ CAD groups Increased UAER and serum hs-CRP, and decreased adiponectin levels were associated with traditional CAD risk factors but failed to be correlated with the severity of CAD. Hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with UAER.

Pharmacokinetics of Pazufloxacin Mesilate Sodium Chloride in healthy Chinese volunteers after intravenous injection

In the present study,we aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and dosage proportionality for a single,intravenous utilization of Pazufloxacin Mesilate Sodium Chloride,an injectable synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent,in healthy Chinese volunteers.In this open-labeled,three-dosage parallel study,subjects were randomized to receive a single dose of Pazufloxacin Mesilate at 150,300 or 600 mg(n=10,10 and 10,respectively)administered as a 30-min intravenous infusion.Blood and urine samples were serially collected from 0 to 24 h after drug administration.Moreover,the sample’s drug concentrations were analyzed via validated RP-HPLC method.Subjects receiving a single dose of Pazufloxacin Mesilate 150,300 or 600 mg were in accordance with the two compartment model.The Cmax for each dosage group was 2.37±0.89,4.27±0.74 and 10.74±4.06 mg·mL(–1),respectively;and the AUC0→∞was 3.24±1.2,5.89±1.51 and 13.32±2.35 mg·h·mL–1,respectively.In addition,Tmax for groups treated with 150,300 and 600 mg was 0.48±0.08,0.50±0.00 and 0.53±0.08 h,respectively.The correlation analysis for AUC0→∞,Cmax and dosage suggested that pazufolxacin mesilate displayed dose proportion at the dose ranging from 150 to 600 mg.The data suggested that all three different dosage regimens fit with the two compartment model.Meanwhile,it presented a linear correlation between AUC0→∞,Cmax and dosage over the range of 150–600 mg.