Authenticated Digital Currency Redaction with Stronger Privacy and Usability

With the promotion of digital currency,how to effectively solve the authenticity,privacy and usability of digital currency issuance has been a key problem.Redactable signature scheme(RSS)can provide the verification of the integrity and source of the generated sub-documents and solve the privacy problem in digital currency by removing blocks from the signed documents.Unfortunately,it has not realized the consolidation of signed documents,which can not solve the problem of merging two digital currencies.Now,we introduce the concept of weight based on the threshold secret sharing scheme(TSSS)and present a redactable signature scheme with merge algorithm(RSS-MA)using the quasi-commutative accumulator.Our scheme can reduce the communication overhead by utilizing the merge algorithm when transmitting multiple digital currency signatures.Furthermore,this can effectively hide the scale of users’private monetary assets and the number of transactions between users.While meeting the three properties of digital currency issuance,in order to ensure the availability of digital currency after redacting,editors shall not remove the relevant identification information block form digital currency.Finally,our security proof and the analysis of efficiency show that RSS-MA greatly improves the communication and computation efficiency when transmitting multiple signatures.

Evaluating Methods of Visual Assistance for Workers to Improve Quality and Usability in Individualized Kitchen Cabinet Assembly

In times of digitalisation, visual assistance systems in assembly are increasingly important. The design of these assembly systems needs to be highly complex to meet the requirements. Due to the increasing number of variants in production processes, as well as shorter innovation and product life cycles, assistance systems should improve quality and reduce complexity of assembly processes. However, many large kitchen manufacturers still assemble kitchen cabinets manually, due to the high variety of components, such as rails and fittings. This paper focuses on the analysis and evaluation of virtual assistance systems to improve quality and usability in individualised kitchen cabinet assembly processes at a large German manufacturer. A solution is identified and detailed.

Usability-Driven Mobile Application Development

Recently,a specific interest is being taken in the development of mobile application(app)via Model-Based User Interface Development(MBUID)approach.MBUID allows the generation of mobile apps in the target platform(s)from conceptual models.As such it simplified the development process of mobile app.However,the interest is only focused on the functional aspects of the mobile app while neglecting the non-functional aspects,such as usability.The latter is largely considered as the main factor leading to the success or failure of any software system.This paper aims at addressing non-functional aspects of mobile apps generated using MBUID approach.As such,we propose a usability-driven approach for the development of mobile apps.The main stages of the proposed approach are defined in a generic way so that they can be integrated with any MBUID method.A case study is presented,in the paper,with the aim of illustrating the feasibility of this approach.

Travel Patterns and Street Networks: A Novel Visualization Methodology of City-Level Traffic Flows and Network Usability

Street Networks, knitted in the urban fabric, facilitate spatial movement and control the flow of urbanization. The interrelation between a city’s spatial network and how the residents travel over it has always been of high interest to scholars. Over the years, multifaceted visualization methods have emerged to better express this travel trend from small to large scale. This study proposes a novel approach to 1) visualize city-wide travel patterns with respect to the street network orientation and 2) analyze the discrepancies between travel patterns and streets to evaluate network usability. The visualizations adopt histograms and rose diagrams to provide several insights into network-wide traffic flows. The visualization of four New York City (NYC) boroughs including Queens, Brooklyn, Bronx, and Staten Island was generated for the daily traffic and the average hourly flows in the morning and evening rush hours. Then the contrasts between built-in street network topology and travel orientation were drawn to show where people travel over the network, travel demand, and finally which segments experience high or light traffic, revealing the true picture of network usability. The findings of the study provide an insight into the novel and innovative approach that can help better understand the travel behavior lucidly and assist policymakers in decision making to maintain a balance between urban topology and travel demands. In addition, the study demonstrates how to further investigate city street networks and urbanization from different diverse dimensions.

Expert Review on Usefulness of an Integrated Checklist-based Mobile Usability Evaluation Framework

Previous mobile usability studies are only pertinent in the context of ergonomics,physical user interface,and mo­bility aspects.In addition,much of the previous mobile usability conception was built on desktop computing measure­ments,such as desktop and web application checklists,or scarcely addressed the mobile user interface.Moreover,the studies focus mainly on interface features for desktop applications and do not reflect comprehensive mobile interface features such as navigation drawers and spinners.Therefore,conducting usability evaluation using conventional us­ability measurement would result in irrelevant results.In addition,the resulting works are tailored for usability testing,which requires highly skilled evaluators and usability specialists(e.g.,usability testers and user experience designers),who are rarely integrated into a development team.The lack of expertise could lead to unreliable usability evaluations.This paper presents a review from industrial experts on a comprehensive and feasible usability evaluation framework developed in our previous work.The framework is dedicated to smartphone apps,which integrate evaluator skills and design concerns.However,there is no evidence of its usefulness in practice.Therefore,the usefulness of the frame­work measurement for evaluating apps’usability in the eyes of non-usability specialists is empirically assessed in this paper through an expert review.The expert review involved eleven industrial developers and was complemented by a semi-structured interview.The method is replicated in comparison with a framework from another study.The findings show that the formulated framework significantly outperformed the framework(p=0.0286)from other studies with large effect sizes(r=1.81)in terms of usefulness.

基于化学成分可用性的韶关烟区特色烤烟品种筛选及其评价方法探索

为明确韶关烟区不同特色烤烟品种的烟叶化学成分可用性,以及探索评价烟叶化学成分可用性的最佳方法,以韶关地区的主栽烤烟品种粤烟97为CK,采用化学成分可用性指数和局部惩罚型变权模型对红花大金元、翠碧一号、中烟特香301等3个特色烤烟品种在3个试验点的烟叶化学成分特征及其可用性进行了评价。结果表明:3个特色烤烟品种在韶关烟区不同试验点的化学成分差异较大,化学成分可用性指数分析结果表明,中烟特香301的CCUI值与CK最接近,翠碧一号的居中,红花大金元的最低;局部惩罚型变权模型分析结果表明,中烟特香301的F值(变权)略低于粤烟97的,但高于红花大金元、翠碧一号的。综上,中烟特香301在韶关烟区的化学成分可用性相对较高,可进一步试种研究。

基于TRIZ冲突解决理论的老年用品可用性设计方法

为有效解决老年用品可用性设计中的冲突问题,将可用性与冲突解决理论融合,提出一种老年用品可用性设计方法。由于传统TRIZ参数对老年用品的不适用和模糊性,在老年用品的可用性设计中难以获得解决方案。从老年用品的可用性设计冲突入手,将TRIZ的工程参数筛选出老年可用性设计领域的26个专属可用性参数,采用灰色关联分析法对参数进行可用性分类,从感知层、认知层和执行层进行冲突矩阵的重构;建立了基于冲突解决理论的老年用品可用性设计过程模型,并应用于老年药盒的可用性设计实例。结果表明:文中方法能系统化地解决老年用品可用性设计中的冲突问题,使老年用品可用性设计方法和TRIZ的应用领域得到进一步拓展。

基于认知差异的点餐界面可用性评价

近年来,线上点餐的中年用户数量激增,但其界面设计的普适性相对欠缺,存在较大的优化空间。运用设计学科方法对中年用户点餐体验进行优化,能提高点餐效率,产生更高的经济价值。本文先通过感性问卷调研,得出中、青年用户对点餐界面的感性认知差异评价。再利用眼动实验得出点餐界面可用性评价。最后,综合分析总结两项评价结果,找出点餐界面中待解决问题,并根据这些问题提出普适设计建议:其一,加大导航栏字号、采用通俗词语、利用色彩加强视觉引导来帮助中年用户理解界面信息;其二,将界面中的装饰性图片替换为功能性图片,可以有效提高中年用户点餐效率;其三,增加切换控件部分在界面的占比,加入自动播放功能,引导中年用户使用该功能。

用者为本,技之大道--评《以口译员为中心的技术可用性研究:以SmarTerp为例》

在口译学科“技术转向”的时代背景下,口译技术人性化和可持续发展的重要性日益凸显。《以口译员为中心的技术可用性研究:以SmarTerp为例》一书立足时代需求,介绍了全球首项使用可用性工程方法开发计算机辅助口译工具的案例研究,旨在反映口译领域技术变革,确保口译技术的公平可持续发展。该书通过采用人机交互的理论框架和方法论框架评估计算机辅助口译工具SmarTerp界面的可用性,弥补了当前计算机辅助口译实证研究的不足,对口译技术的研发和应用具有重要的启发意义和借鉴价值。

基于动物实验的国产腔镜吻合器开模样机可用性评价

目的通过开展基于动物实验的国产腔镜吻合器开模样机可用性评价,获取临床医护人员关于器械可用性的真实评价与反馈,帮助研发人员及时调整方案,提升器械可用性水平。方法搭建一个适合腔镜吻合器用于结直肠、胃、肝胆胰和肺部相关手术操作的模拟场景,招募医生用户和护士用户,采用专家评价法,从操作可用性和系统可用性角度评价手动腔镜吻合器和电动腔镜吻合器的可用性。结果手动和电动腔镜吻合器开模样机操作可用性问卷大多数题目平均得分为3~4分,表明其操作可用性总体处于与其他国产品牌相当的水平,基本得到了用户的认可;2款吻合器系统可用性评级分别为D和B-,前者系统可用性只优于市面上26.20%的同类产品,不在可接受范围,后者系统可用性优于市面上65.61%的同类产品,在可接受范围但仍需进一步提升。结论本研究开展的基于动物实验的国产腔镜吻合器开模样机可用性评价为快速获取用户体验、发现或减少人因工程等问题提供了一套可选择的解决方案,能够促进器械优化改进、加速国产医疗器械上市进程。

从“脾主升清”探讨瓦伯格效应在学习记忆障碍中的作用

学习记忆障碍病位主要在脑,与脾、心、肾、肝功能失调密切相关,尤其是脾,其居中土,主管气机升降,斡旋一身之气血以濡养脑窍。本文通过论述“脾主升清”的生理功能,探讨其在学习记忆障碍中的作用。瓦伯格效应以快速高效的方式产生能量以维持大脑正常功能,与中医脾主升清的功能在一定程度上相契合。因此,以“脾主升清”立论,探讨学习记忆障碍的病理基础,并从中西医方面阐述瓦伯格效应紊乱是本病的重要特征,有助于深入探讨助脾升清法治疗学习记忆障碍的作用,为该病中医治疗提供新思路。

数字疗法可用性评估量表研究

目的对用于数字疗法的可用性评估量表以及评价维度展开研究分析,以更好地对数字疗法进行可用性评价。方法通过文献调研及量表筛选分类,选取14个可用性量表进行讨论,分别对各量表的关键特征和评价维度进行讨论,分析各量表的评价侧重点;选出在数字疗法可用性评价中应重点注意的评价维度,对各量表关键特征进行打分,并选出用于数字疗法可用性评价针对性最强的量表。结果各量表在条目数量、类型、信度等关键特征上存在明显差异,评价维度的侧重点也不同,其中最重要的评价指标为“易于学习/易学性”“满意度”“有效性”“效率”“易于使用/易用性”“系统有用性”“信息质量”“可控性”。本文建立了可用性指标体系,体系分为2个纵向(用户、产品)和3个横向(需求、操作、结果)共6个部分(感知/认知、功能、行为、性能、态度、评价),涵盖了用户和产品在人机交互全周期的评价;选出了移动健康应用可用性问卷(mHealth APP Usability Questionnaire,MAUQ)、手机应用评定量表(Mobile APP Rating Scale,MARS)和用户移动应用评定量表(User Mobile App Rating Scale,uMARS)作为14个量表中最适用于数字疗法软件的可用性评估量表,并对其进行区分。结论进行数字疗法可用性评估时,可按照本文建立的指标体系对产品的可用性进行全面评估。在选取可用性评估量表时,可按照研究需求在MAUQ、MARS和uMARS中进行选择。

基于网络评论文本分析的人机工学鼠标用户体验研究

探究人机工程学鼠标实际用户体验情况,分析其中的影响因素,梳理用户体验与可用性等方面关系。通过用户研究制作用户画像,将现有的鼠标以传统操作方式和新式人机操作方式为标准进行分类,共分出5种形式,总计10款被试产品进行研究。爬取现有人机工学鼠标相关商品网络评论,对评论文本及用户情绪进行分析。通过句意分析把握用户体验,并对评论进行语素提取,试图确定产品对用户体验的影响要素。最后,通过可用性测试与用户访谈对分析结果准确性进行验证与补充。得到产品网络评论文本分析结果与情绪分析数据,进而归纳用户实际体验。文本分析法与网络民族志的结合使设计师可以进一步挖掘用户信息,以用户为中心,对产品进行分析和评价,该方法对产品设计与优化均具有较强参考价值。

基于可供性的智能厨电交互界面设计研究

目的探索将可供性理论融入智能厨电交互界面设计的方法思路,应对智能厨电交互方式及逻辑越发复杂的挑战,改善智能厨电交互界面的可用性及用户体验。方法分析可供性理论与智能厨电交互方式之间的对应关系,从物理心理两个层面探索界面设计的具体方法,建构了基于可供性的智能厨电交互界面设计模型,并梳理出相应设计流程;对智能破壁机移动端操控APP交互界面进行设计,并以可用性评估进行设计验证。结果在可供性理论指导下的智能破壁机移动端操控APP交互界面设计的可用性状况良好,具备相应的交互可供性。结论在智能厨电交互界面设计中应用可供性理论,能有效应对其交互系统在非物质化的发展趋势中产生的低界面可用性问题,从而降低实现用户目标所需的交互成本,有助于改善智能厨电交互界面的系统可用性状况,并为用户提供高效流畅的使用体验。

考虑易用性和可解释性的自组织映射-即时学习风险预测框架

为提高风险预测系统的易用性和可解释性,提出基于自组织映射网络(SOM)改进的即时学习(JITL)风险预测框架。首先,应用SOM对数据样本进行聚类,并对聚类特征进行解释。进而,通过基于聚类结果的样本选择算法构建待测数据的相似样本集,在线上调用作为基学习器的支持向量机(SVM)进行建模并输出风险预测结果。最后,采用一个交通事故数据集对风险模型的性能进行测试,检验其精度、易用性和可解释性。结果表明:采用SOM-JITL策略的SVM模型,受试者工作状况曲线面积指标达到0.720,相比不使用该策略的传统SVM模型提高17.5%,精度较高;SOM-JITL模型构建所需参数调节工作少,具有较好的易用性;此外,SOM聚类结果准确识别出处于交通拥堵等高风险场景,与现实场景一致,具有可解释性。综上,SOM-JITL策略能有效提高基学习器的性能,达到精度、可解释性和易用性的平衡,有助于以低成本大规模推广风险预测系统。

基于UVM的总线桥接模块验证

随着集成电路工艺与设计水平的进步,集成电路规模和复杂度大幅提升,采用传统的验证方法已经很难满足芯片开发对于功能验证的需求。论文在UVM验证方法学的基础上,开展针对系统级芯片中的总线桥接模块的验证研究工作。首先对该模块的功能特性和接口信号展开分析,完成了UVM验证平台的搭建,然后编写测试用例对模块的所有功能点进行测试,根据测试结果对设计进行修改。在全部测试用例通过后开展回归测试,回归测试结果显示代码覆盖率达到98%,功能覆盖率达到100%,达到验证要求。经过该次验证,该模块自身的功能得到了充分验证,可成功应用于系统级芯片的片内互联,同时该次所搭建验证平台具有一定的通用性和可复用性。

采收成熟度对烤烟翠碧一号中部叶工业可用性的影响

[目的]明确采收成熟度对烤烟翠碧一号中部叶工业可用性的影响。[方法]进行了翠碧一号中部叶不同采收成熟度的对比烘烤试验,检测比较各处理烤后烟叶质量性状。[结果]烟叶外观质量、等级结构、均价均以成熟处理最好、尚熟次之、欠熟较差、过熟最差,成熟处理的上等烟比例(75.63%)高于尚熟(67.69%)11.73%、高于欠熟(63.92%)18.32%、高于过熟(12.38%)510.90%,成熟处理的均价(36.36元/kg)高于尚熟(35.24元/kg)3.18%、高于欠熟(34.08元/kg)6.69%、高于过熟(20.78元/kg)74.96%;随着采收成熟度的提高,烤后烟叶的总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比均趋于更好、化学成分更协调;香气成分总量随着采收成熟度的提高呈下降趋势,欠熟的香气成分总量(598.75μg/g)比尚熟(593.71μg/g)高0.85%、比成熟(540.53μg/g)高10.77%、比过熟(394.39μg/g)高51.82%;随着采收成熟度的提高,对烟叶清香风格形成贡献最大的大马酮与对烟叶浓香风格形成贡献最大的茄酮的比值呈明显下降趋势,欠熟处理最高(7.83)、尚熟次之(6.18)、成熟第3(4.96)、过熟最低(3.90),意味着清香型风格在明显减弱。[结论]综合而言,以成熟处理的烟叶质量最好、工业可用性和经济收益最高,尚熟稍次之,过熟和欠熟较差;成熟和尚熟应为翠碧一号中部叶田间适宜采收成熟度标准。

乳腺癌患者化疗相关不良反应可视化评估管理程序的研发及可用性评价

目的 研发基于知识和数据可视化的乳腺癌患者化疗相关不良反应评估管理程序,并评价其可用性。方法 组建多学科研发团队,采用专家工作组法构建乳腺癌患者化疗相关不良反应可视化评估管理程序研发框架,基于敏捷软件开发原则研发可视化评估管理程序,选取13例乳腺癌患者基于眼动追踪技术进行可用性评价。结果 基于研发框架研发了乳腺癌患者化疗相关不良反应可视化评估管理程序,基于眼动追踪技术发现可用性问题5项并进行了程序优化,系统可用性量表平均得分为(76.35±13.17)分。结论 研发的乳腺癌化疗患者不良反应可视化评估及管理程序可用性良好,适用于乳腺癌患者不良反应的评估及管理。

China Accelerating Development of Two Large Reusable Rocket Models

BEIJING,March 12(Xinhua)——China′s development of both 4⁃meter⁃diameter and 5⁃meter⁃diameter reusable rockets is being accelerated,with their inaugural flights scheduled for 2025 and 2026,respectively.The manufacturing of these two new large reusable launching vehicle models is a response to growing demand in the commercial space market,said the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.

血糖仪的可用性工程框架

为了提高血糖仪系统人机交互界面的使用安全性和易用性,本文基于医疗器械可用性工程这一基础共性技术,深度调研了血糖仪的用户类型和使用环境,梳理可用性工程全生命周期阶段的关键技术要点,形成了血糖仪的可用性工程框架,并详细介绍了用户类型及其特点、人机交互界面的构成元素、使用安全视角下人机交互界面的特点,为设计出更加注重用户需求与安全的血糖仪系统提供技术支撑。