Secondary storage spaces with very complex geometries are well developed in Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,which is taken as a study case in this paper.It is still not clear how the secondary stora...Secondary storage spaces with very complex geometries are well developed in Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,which is taken as a study case in this paper.It is still not clear how the secondary storage space shape influences the P-＆ S-wave velocities （or elastic properties） in complex carbonate reservoirs.In this paper,three classical rock physics models （Wyllie timeaverage equation,Gassmann equation and the Kuster-Toks z model） are comparably analyzed for their construction principles and actual velocity prediction results,aiming at determining the most favourable rock physics model to consider the influence of secondary storage space shape.Then relationships between the P-＆ S-wave velocities in carbonate reservoirs and geometric shapes of secondary storage spaces are discussed from different aspects based on actual well data by employing the favourable rock physics model.To explain the influence of secondary storage space shape on V P-V S relationship,it is analyzed for the differences of S-wave velocities between derived from common empirical relationships （including Castagna＇s mud rock line and Greenberg-Castagna V P-V S relationship） and predicted by the rock physics model.We advocate that V P-V S relationship for complex carbonate reservoirs should be built for different storage space types.For the carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,the V P-V S relationships for fractured,fractured-cavernous,and fractured-hole-vuggy reservoirs are respectively built on the basis of velocity prediction and secondary storage space type determination.Through the discussion above,it is expected that the velocity prediction and the V P-V S relationships for complex carbonate reservoirs should fully consider the influence of secondary storage space shape,thus providing more reasonable constraints for prestack inversion,further building a foundation for realizing carbonate reservoir prediction and fluid prediction.展开更多
[Objectives] To determine 29 kinds of inorganic elements in samples of Paris daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap produced in different regions, and to measure the content of 10 key inorgan...[Objectives] To determine 29 kinds of inorganic elements in samples of Paris daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap produced in different regions, and to measure the content of 10 key inorganic elements: chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), iron(Fe), copper(Cu), mercury(Hg), zinc(Zn), arsenic(As), antimony(Sr), cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb). [Methods] The wet digestion and technique of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) were employed. [Results] Under the experimental conditions, elements were not related to each other, and many kinds of elements could be measured at the same time; toxic and heavy metals in samples of P. daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap did not exceed the limit; Hg was not detected in all samples. [Conclusions] This method is simple, easy to operate and reproducible. It can be used for the detection of inorganic elements in P. daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap; the heavy metals and Hg of the rhizome meet the requirements of the limit of medicinal materials.展开更多
We estimated crustal v p/ v s ratio of Tibetan Plateau by combined inversion of Love and Rayleigh wave dispersion data. It is developed by us that the joint inversion methods using both Love and Rayleigh wave dispersi...We estimated crustal v p/ v s ratio of Tibetan Plateau by combined inversion of Love and Rayleigh wave dispersion data. It is developed by us that the joint inversion methods using both Love and Rayleigh wave dispersion data. Thickness and S\|wave velocity of each sub layer are taken from Love wave dispersion data, then P\|wave velocity structure was deduced using Rayleigh wave dispersion data. Densities of sub layers were estimated by the empirical relationships between seismic velocity and rock density. Having S\| and P\|wave velocities, v p/ v s ratio is calculated for each sub layer. Six sub layers in crust of Tibetan Plateau has been identified, which are 0～8km, 8～30km, 30～40km, 40～62km, 62～68km and 68～75km respectively. The S\|wave velocity structure of the Plateau is 3 13, 3 32, 3 15, 3 92, 3 45 and 3 87 km/s for each sub layer; and P\|wave velocities are 6 00, 6 10, 5 72, 6 35, 6 78 and 6 64km/s respectively v p/ v s ratios in sub layers are 1 92, 1 84, 1 82, 1 62, 1 96 and 1 72; and corresponding Poisson ratios are 0 31, 0 29, 0 28, 0 19, 0 32 and 0 24. Our result on Poisson ratios of Tibetan crust was supported by seismic waveform modelling by Rodgers and Schwartz (1998).展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Nx stage one machine results can help to enhance the clinical efficiency and shortage concerning the use of home hemodialysis. Therefore, the study investigates effectiveness...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Nx stage one machine results can help to enhance the clinical efficiency and shortage concerning the use of home hemodialysis. Therefore, the study investigates effectiveness of Nx stage machine for intermittent conventional hemodialysis in hospital for inpatients and outpatients to replace conventional hemodialysis in stable chronic hemodialysis patients. <strong>Methods:</strong> Prospective observatory study was conducted in Nephrology Division, King Fahd General Hospital from April 1 to June 1 2018. Patients with ESRD, who were dependent on dialysis and maintained on regular hemodialysis were recruited. Fifty-two sessions of hemodialysis were performed. The patients were given intermittent dialysis using Nx stage one machine. Pre and Post dialysis investigations and body weight were taken, and patients were observed for any complications during or post-dialysis. <strong>Findings:</strong> The primary endpoint ultrafiltration with a goal to remove 1 - 4 kg was achieved without any technical difficulty. Secondary endpoint for potassium reduction levels was achieved with mean SD post-dialysis 3.53 ± 0.3, and the tertiary endpoint was achieved in a patient less than 50 kg weight with spKt/V above 1.2. It was difficult to achieve spKt/V in patients with weight more than 60 kg due to limitations in the duration of sessions or dialysate volume. Target spkT/V was achieved for patients with body weight less than 50 kg;however, it was not achieved among the patients with body weight more than 60 kg. <strong>Discussion:</strong> Nx stage one machine can replace conventional intermittent dialysis in terms of ultrafiltration and Potassium correction;however, further investigation is needed for urea clearance.展开更多
基金co-supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB201103)the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2011ZX05004003)
文摘Secondary storage spaces with very complex geometries are well developed in Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,which is taken as a study case in this paper.It is still not clear how the secondary storage space shape influences the P-＆ S-wave velocities （or elastic properties） in complex carbonate reservoirs.In this paper,three classical rock physics models （Wyllie timeaverage equation,Gassmann equation and the Kuster-Toks z model） are comparably analyzed for their construction principles and actual velocity prediction results,aiming at determining the most favourable rock physics model to consider the influence of secondary storage space shape.Then relationships between the P-＆ S-wave velocities in carbonate reservoirs and geometric shapes of secondary storage spaces are discussed from different aspects based on actual well data by employing the favourable rock physics model.To explain the influence of secondary storage space shape on V P-V S relationship,it is analyzed for the differences of S-wave velocities between derived from common empirical relationships （including Castagna＇s mud rock line and Greenberg-Castagna V P-V S relationship） and predicted by the rock physics model.We advocate that V P-V S relationship for complex carbonate reservoirs should be built for different storage space types.For the carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,the V P-V S relationships for fractured,fractured-cavernous,and fractured-hole-vuggy reservoirs are respectively built on the basis of velocity prediction and secondary storage space type determination.Through the discussion above,it is expected that the velocity prediction and the V P-V S relationships for complex carbonate reservoirs should fully consider the influence of secondary storage space shape,thus providing more reasonable constraints for prestack inversion,further building a foundation for realizing carbonate reservoir prediction and fluid prediction.
基金Supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period(2018ZX09301060)Fourth National Survey of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Program(2017)+1 种基金Science and Technology Condition Capacity Building and Technology Extension Demonstration Project of Aba Prefecture(18TJPT0004)Innovating Research Program of Postgraduates of Southwest Minzu University in 2019(CX2019SZ180)
文摘[Objectives] To determine 29 kinds of inorganic elements in samples of Paris daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap produced in different regions, and to measure the content of 10 key inorganic elements: chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), iron(Fe), copper(Cu), mercury(Hg), zinc(Zn), arsenic(As), antimony(Sr), cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb). [Methods] The wet digestion and technique of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) were employed. [Results] Under the experimental conditions, elements were not related to each other, and many kinds of elements could be measured at the same time; toxic and heavy metals in samples of P. daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap did not exceed the limit; Hg was not detected in all samples. [Conclusions] This method is simple, easy to operate and reproducible. It can be used for the detection of inorganic elements in P. daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap; the heavy metals and Hg of the rhizome meet the requirements of the limit of medicinal materials.
文摘We estimated crustal v p/ v s ratio of Tibetan Plateau by combined inversion of Love and Rayleigh wave dispersion data. It is developed by us that the joint inversion methods using both Love and Rayleigh wave dispersion data. Thickness and S\|wave velocity of each sub layer are taken from Love wave dispersion data, then P\|wave velocity structure was deduced using Rayleigh wave dispersion data. Densities of sub layers were estimated by the empirical relationships between seismic velocity and rock density. Having S\| and P\|wave velocities, v p/ v s ratio is calculated for each sub layer. Six sub layers in crust of Tibetan Plateau has been identified, which are 0～8km, 8～30km, 30～40km, 40～62km, 62～68km and 68～75km respectively. The S\|wave velocity structure of the Plateau is 3 13, 3 32, 3 15, 3 92, 3 45 and 3 87 km/s for each sub layer; and P\|wave velocities are 6 00, 6 10, 5 72, 6 35, 6 78 and 6 64km/s respectively v p/ v s ratios in sub layers are 1 92, 1 84, 1 82, 1 62, 1 96 and 1 72; and corresponding Poisson ratios are 0 31, 0 29, 0 28, 0 19, 0 32 and 0 24. Our result on Poisson ratios of Tibetan crust was supported by seismic waveform modelling by Rodgers and Schwartz (1998).
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Nx stage one machine results can help to enhance the clinical efficiency and shortage concerning the use of home hemodialysis. Therefore, the study investigates effectiveness of Nx stage machine for intermittent conventional hemodialysis in hospital for inpatients and outpatients to replace conventional hemodialysis in stable chronic hemodialysis patients. <strong>Methods:</strong> Prospective observatory study was conducted in Nephrology Division, King Fahd General Hospital from April 1 to June 1 2018. Patients with ESRD, who were dependent on dialysis and maintained on regular hemodialysis were recruited. Fifty-two sessions of hemodialysis were performed. The patients were given intermittent dialysis using Nx stage one machine. Pre and Post dialysis investigations and body weight were taken, and patients were observed for any complications during or post-dialysis. <strong>Findings:</strong> The primary endpoint ultrafiltration with a goal to remove 1 - 4 kg was achieved without any technical difficulty. Secondary endpoint for potassium reduction levels was achieved with mean SD post-dialysis 3.53 ± 0.3, and the tertiary endpoint was achieved in a patient less than 50 kg weight with spKt/V above 1.2. It was difficult to achieve spKt/V in patients with weight more than 60 kg due to limitations in the duration of sessions or dialysate volume. Target spkT/V was achieved for patients with body weight less than 50 kg;however, it was not achieved among the patients with body weight more than 60 kg. <strong>Discussion:</strong> Nx stage one machine can replace conventional intermittent dialysis in terms of ultrafiltration and Potassium correction;however, further investigation is needed for urea clearance.
