Bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the m...Bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper(Cu) alloys were further analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) were added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impart inherent bacterial resistance. Additively manufactured implants were investigated for resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed improved antibacterial efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with respect to CpTi. Mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and improved tribological and tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a rat distal femur model revealed improved early-stage osseointegration for alloys with10 wt.% Ta addition compared to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions displayed biocompatibility and no adverse infammatory response in vivo. Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and microbial resistance for the next generation of load-bearing metallic implants.展开更多
面向国家绿色低碳战略目标,变革化石资源合成氨技术路线变得尤为迫切,开发可再生能源制“绿氨”将成为合成氨领域未来的重要发展方向.将工业废水中的硝酸根(NO_(3)-)电催化还原为氨(NO_(3)RR),既可有效回收氨,又能消除硝酸根污染影响.然...面向国家绿色低碳战略目标,变革化石资源合成氨技术路线变得尤为迫切,开发可再生能源制“绿氨”将成为合成氨领域未来的重要发展方向.将工业废水中的硝酸根(NO_(3)-)电催化还原为氨(NO_(3)RR),既可有效回收氨,又能消除硝酸根污染影响.然而,NO_(3)RR涉及缓慢的八电子转移过程,含有多种反应中间体,其反应机理复杂不明.此外,水系电解液中存在的析氢竞争反应也为高效NO_(3)RR催化剂的开发设计带来了巨大的挑战.为突破高效催化剂的发展瓶颈,本文通过理论模拟,在低成本的催化剂上设计了高效的NO_(3)RR催化活性位点,并利用简单的制备策略合成了目标催化剂.同时,结合原位表征技术,阐明了NO_(3)RR的反应路径及催化机理.本文通过密度泛函理论(DFT)计算发现,Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂上的Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)结构具有较好的NO_(3)-还原活性,该结构不仅能够促进反应中间体NOx-的吸附和活化,还能有效抑制竞争析氢反应,从而降低NO_(3)RR的反应能垒.在该结构上,NO_(3)RR的反应路径为:NO_(3)^(*)→NO_(2)^(*)→HONO^(*)→NO^(*)→*NOH→*N→^(*)NH→*NH2→*NH_(3)→NH_(3).基于理论计算结果,分别采用浸渍法和尿素水解法制备了系列富含Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)结构的Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂.氮气等温吸附-脱附曲线、拉曼光谱(Raman)、电子顺磁共振波谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅立叶红外光谱等结果发现,相比于采用浸渍法制备的系列Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂,采用尿素水解法制备的Cu/TiO_(2)(CT-U)催化剂具有更大的比表面积以及更多的Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)位点,说明尿素水解法可提高Cu颗粒在TiO_(2)载体表面的分散度,增强Cu颗粒与TiO_(2)载体之间的相互作用,提高Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂表面的Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)位点含量.将以上制备出的催化剂应用于催化NO_(3)RR中,结果表明,在-1.0 V vs.RHE还原电位下,CT-U催化剂上氨产率可达3046.5μg h^(-1) mgcat^(-1),高于大多数文献报道结果.循环稳定性测试结果表明,在Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂上构建Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)位点还能显著抑制电催化反应过程中Cu物种从Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂上溶出,从而显著增强催化剂的稳定性.此外,设计制备了不含氧空位的Cu/TiO_(2),TiO_(2)-x,Cu,Cu_(2)O以及CuO催化剂,并将其用于催化NO_(3)RR.结果发现,上述催化剂上的氨产率皆明显低于CT-U催化剂,说明Cu,Ti以及O_(v)构成的Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)结构具有较好的催化协同作用,从而显著提升了NO_(3)RR反应活性.最后,通过原位Raman及原位XPS表征检测反应中间体,验证了由DFT模拟出的NO_(3)RR反应路径.综上,通过在Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂上理论指导构建Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)活性位点,实现了NO_(3)RR性能的有效提升.Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)结构中的多位点协同作用不仅促进了NO_(x)-的吸附和活化,而且抑制了电催化过程中Cu物种从催化剂上的溶出,从而提高了催化剂的稳定性.本研究为设计高效稳定的NO_(3)RR催化剂提供了新思路.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51505323)the Applied Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province,China(Nos.20210302123117,20210302124658).
基金supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers R01 AR067306 and R01 AR078241。
文摘Bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper(Cu) alloys were further analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) were added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impart inherent bacterial resistance. Additively manufactured implants were investigated for resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed improved antibacterial efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with respect to CpTi. Mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and improved tribological and tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a rat distal femur model revealed improved early-stage osseointegration for alloys with10 wt.% Ta addition compared to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions displayed biocompatibility and no adverse infammatory response in vivo. Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and microbial resistance for the next generation of load-bearing metallic implants.
文摘面向国家绿色低碳战略目标,变革化石资源合成氨技术路线变得尤为迫切,开发可再生能源制“绿氨”将成为合成氨领域未来的重要发展方向.将工业废水中的硝酸根(NO_(3)-)电催化还原为氨(NO_(3)RR),既可有效回收氨,又能消除硝酸根污染影响.然而,NO_(3)RR涉及缓慢的八电子转移过程,含有多种反应中间体,其反应机理复杂不明.此外,水系电解液中存在的析氢竞争反应也为高效NO_(3)RR催化剂的开发设计带来了巨大的挑战.为突破高效催化剂的发展瓶颈,本文通过理论模拟,在低成本的催化剂上设计了高效的NO_(3)RR催化活性位点,并利用简单的制备策略合成了目标催化剂.同时,结合原位表征技术,阐明了NO_(3)RR的反应路径及催化机理.本文通过密度泛函理论(DFT)计算发现,Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂上的Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)结构具有较好的NO_(3)-还原活性,该结构不仅能够促进反应中间体NOx-的吸附和活化,还能有效抑制竞争析氢反应,从而降低NO_(3)RR的反应能垒.在该结构上,NO_(3)RR的反应路径为:NO_(3)^(*)→NO_(2)^(*)→HONO^(*)→NO^(*)→*NOH→*N→^(*)NH→*NH2→*NH_(3)→NH_(3).基于理论计算结果,分别采用浸渍法和尿素水解法制备了系列富含Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)结构的Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂.氮气等温吸附-脱附曲线、拉曼光谱(Raman)、电子顺磁共振波谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅立叶红外光谱等结果发现,相比于采用浸渍法制备的系列Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂,采用尿素水解法制备的Cu/TiO_(2)(CT-U)催化剂具有更大的比表面积以及更多的Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)位点,说明尿素水解法可提高Cu颗粒在TiO_(2)载体表面的分散度,增强Cu颗粒与TiO_(2)载体之间的相互作用,提高Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂表面的Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)位点含量.将以上制备出的催化剂应用于催化NO_(3)RR中,结果表明,在-1.0 V vs.RHE还原电位下,CT-U催化剂上氨产率可达3046.5μg h^(-1) mgcat^(-1),高于大多数文献报道结果.循环稳定性测试结果表明,在Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂上构建Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)位点还能显著抑制电催化反应过程中Cu物种从Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂上溶出,从而显著增强催化剂的稳定性.此外,设计制备了不含氧空位的Cu/TiO_(2),TiO_(2)-x,Cu,Cu_(2)O以及CuO催化剂,并将其用于催化NO_(3)RR.结果发现,上述催化剂上的氨产率皆明显低于CT-U催化剂,说明Cu,Ti以及O_(v)构成的Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)结构具有较好的催化协同作用,从而显著提升了NO_(3)RR反应活性.最后,通过原位Raman及原位XPS表征检测反应中间体,验证了由DFT模拟出的NO_(3)RR反应路径.综上,通过在Cu/TiO_(2)催化剂上理论指导构建Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)活性位点,实现了NO_(3)RR性能的有效提升.Cu-O-Ti-O_(v)结构中的多位点协同作用不仅促进了NO_(x)-的吸附和活化,而且抑制了电催化过程中Cu物种从催化剂上的溶出,从而提高了催化剂的稳定性.本研究为设计高效稳定的NO_(3)RR催化剂提供了新思路.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project,China (Nos.2017-VI-0004-0075,J2019-VI-0005-0119)Independent Innovation Special Fund Project of AECC (No.CXPT-2019-030)+1 种基金Stability Program for Basic Materials Research Institutes,China (Nos.2019-0C-4753,CXPT-2020-033)Fundamental Strengthening Program of AECC (No.2021-JCJQ-JJ-0114)for financial support.