EFFECTS OF COMBINATION OF ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION WITH CHINESE DRUGS ON LIPIDS PEROXIDE AND ANTIOXIDASE IN PATIENTS OF VASCULAR DEMENTIA

In the present paper, blood lipids peroxide(LPO) level and activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were investigated before and after combined treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion and Chinese drugs in patients of vascular dementia(VD), and their results were compared with those in healthy persons with the similar ages to the patients. The results showed that the blood LPO level increased significantly, and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px reduced significantly in patients of VD as compared with those in the control group. Degrees of patient’s condition were related with amplitudes of the increase of LPO and the reduction of activities of GSHPx and SOD. Combined treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion and Chinese drugs could raise markedly activitles of blood GSH-Px and SOD, and lowered LPO level in the patients of VD, which are related to clinical therapeutic effects. It is considered that combination of acupuncture and moxibustion with Chinese drugs can increase the action of the antiperoxidative system in the patients of VD, exerting anti-peroxidative ability and clearing LPO and reducing the oxidative injury of the organism by oxygen free radical, which is one of mechanisms of combined treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion with Chinese drugs.

Analysis of the Efficacy,Progression-Free Survival,and Safety of Anlotinib in Advanced Lung Cancer Treatment

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy,progression-free survival,and safety of anlotinib in the treatment of advanced lung cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from 60 patients with advanced lung cancer treated with anlotinib from May 2019 to May 2021.This analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the clinical efficacy,progression-free survival,and adverse reactions of anlotinib.Results:The median progression-free survival(PFS)for the 60 patients was 5.79 months,with an overall response rate(ORR)of 21%and a disease control rate(DCR)of 90%.In the first-line group,the median PFS was 6.20 months,ORR was 76.92%,and DCR was 84.61%.The second-line group showed a median PFS of 6.30 months,ORR of 28.57%,and DCR of 90.48%.In the third-line group,the median PFS was 5.34 months,ORR was 19.23%,and DCR was 92.30%.The single-agent group exhibited a median PFS of 5.09 months,ORR of 23.33%,and DCR of 76.67%.In the combination group,the median PFS was 6.53 months,ORR was 46.67%,and DCR was 100%.The combination group demonstrated a significantly higher medication effect than the single-drug group,and adverse drug reactions were mostly grade 1-2.Conclusion:Anlotinib exhibits a better disease control rate and survival benefit in the treatment of advanced lung cancer.The combination effect is superior to monotherapy,with relatively controllable adverse effects.

Activation of STAT3 signaling in human stomach adenocarcinoma drug-resistant cell line and its relationship with expression of vascular endothelial growth factor

AIM: To investigate the difference in activation of STAT3signaling between two human stomach adenocarcinoma cell lines: 5-fluorouracil resistant cell line and its parental cell line, and to evaluate its relationship with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).METHODS: Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were used to detect the expression of phospho-STAT3 protein and constitutive activation of STAT3in two human stomach adenocarcinoma cell lines, 5-fluorouracil resistant cell line SGC7901/R and its parental cell line SGC7901, respectively. The mRNA expression of VEGF was analysed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The expressive intensity of VEGF protein was measured by immunocytochemistry.RESULTS: The expressions of phospho-STAT3 protein and constitutive activation of ST AT3 between two human stomach adenocarcinoma cell lines were different.Compared with the parental cell line SGC7901, the STAT3-DNA binding activity and the expressive intensity of phospho-STAT3 protein were lower in the drug-resistant cell line SGC7901/R. The expression levels of VEGF mRNA and its encoded protein were also decreased in drugresistant cell line.CONCLUSION: Over-expression of VEGF may be correlated with elevated STAT3 activation in parental cell line. Lower VEGF expression may be correlated with decreased STAT3activation in resistant cell line, which may have resulted from negative feedback regulation of STAT signaling.

强制性感染管控措施对维持性血液透析患者血管导管相关感染的影响

目的 分析强制性感染管控措施对维持性血液透析患者发生血管导管相关感染(VCAI)的群体特征、感染率、病原菌及药敏的影响,为临床治疗提供指导。方法 选取2019年3月—2021年2月福建省立医院收治的维持性血液透析患者567例,其中施行强制性管控前(2019年3月—2020年2月)患者295例,施行强制性管控后(2020年3月—2021年2月)患者272例。收集管控前后2组患者的基本信息(包括年龄、性别、置管部位)以及病原学检查结果,对管控前后VCAI群体特征变化、感染率、病原学结果及药敏结果进行比较分析。结果 管控后感染率为10.29%(28/272),低于管控前的16.27%(48/295),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.356,P=0.037)。管控后患者平均年龄较管控前更高(Z=-6.889,P<0.01)。管控前分离出病原菌58株,以革兰阳性菌为主,占63.79%,管控后分离出病原菌33株,革兰阴性菌为主,占54.55%,管控后革兰阳性菌感染较前有明显下降(χ^(2)=3.899,P=0.048)。管控前检出多重耐药菌28株(48.28%),管控后检出多重耐药菌23株(69.70%)。革兰阳性菌对利奈唑胺、万古霉素敏感;对环丙沙星、克林霉素、红霉素、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、苯唑西林耐药率均>50%;青霉素、庆大霉素耐药严重,但分别对粪肠球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌效果突出。革兰阴性菌对厄他培南、亚胺培南、头孢吡肟耐药率较低;青霉素、阿莫西林、头孢唑林、头孢西丁、复方磺胺甲口恶唑耐药率>50%;替加环素对阴性、阳性菌均覆盖良好,且未发现耐药菌。结论 强制性感染管控是行之有效的VCAI防控措施,在目前已形成习惯的基础上可常态化保持。管控后感染人群年龄增大,革兰阳性致病菌检出率下降,多重耐药菌检出率上升,故应加强老年患者的管理,优选颈内静脉作为置管部位并注意抗生素的合理使用。临床推荐利奈唑胺、万古霉素、替加环素作为经验性全身用药,抗生素封管首选万古霉素、头孢吡肟,局部外用可考虑庆大霉素软膏。

缺血性视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿患者基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度与抗VEGF治疗后视力改善的相关性分析

目的分析缺血性视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿(RVO-ME)患者基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度与抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗后视力改善的相关性。方法招募2017年6月至2020年2月在首都医科大学宣武医院确诊为缺血性RVO-ME并接受初始抗VEGF治疗的53例患者,其中缺血性视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)23例(CRVO组),缺血性视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)30例(BRVO组)。另选取该院同期30例行超声乳化的白内障患者作为对照组。研究对象行基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度检测、眼科常规检查和光学相干断层成像(OCT)检查。所有RVO-ME患者按照“3+按需治疗方案(pro re nata,PRN)”向玻璃体内注射抗VEGF药物治疗。随访12个月,采用多元线性回归分析缺血性RVO-ME患者抗VEGF治疗后视力改善的影响因素。结果CRVO组基线logMAR BCVA高于对照组和BRVO组,CRVO组和BRVO组基线CRT、基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度高于对照组,且CRVO组基线CRT、基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度高于BRVO组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RVO-ME患者基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度与随访6个月(r=0.377,P=0.005)、9个月(r=0.362,P=0.008)和12个月(r=0.465,P<0.001)时BCVA改善呈正相关,与随访12个月时中断EZ横向长度减少值(r=0.401,P=0.001)呈正相关。多元线性回归分析结果显示,基线logMAR BCVA、基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度是缺血性RVO-ME患者抗VEGF治疗随访12个月时BCVA改善的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论己糖激酶1抗体作为一种新的血清生物标志物,与缺血性RVO-ME患者抗VEGF治疗后的视力改善相关。

西藏自治区人民医院实施国家重点监控药品干预成效分析

目的:评价西藏自治区人民医院对重点监控药品进行重点干预的成效,为优化重点监控药品干预策略、促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法:西藏自治区人民医院于2020年制订《西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品管理规定》,建立《西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品目录》,同时开展重点监控药品处方及医嘱专项点评、采取点评结果公示及绩效考核挂钩等目标性干预措施,对比西藏自治区人民医院2019年4月-2020年3月(干预前)与2020年4月-2021年3月(干预后第一年)及2021年4月-2022年3月(干预后第二年)重点监控药品临床使用数据变化,评价重点干预措施对该类药品的管理成效及临床使用的影响。结果:该院干预后第一年及第二年的重点监控药品销售金额分别为1427.01万元、1388.12万元,低于干预前的2004.29万元;干预后重点监控药品销售金额占药品总销售金额比例分别为8.33%、7.47%,低于干预前的10.11%。重点监控药品各品种的DDC普遍较高,患者的经济负担较重。结论:西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品的干预取得了一定成效,但医院应在此基础上采取有力措施,提高重点监控药品合理使用,进一步减轻患者经济负担。

促内皮和抗炎的丹参酮ⅡA洗脱支架涂层研究

目的针对目前临床心血管支架存在的晚期血栓和支架内再狭窄等问题,通过超声雾化喷涂技术构建传统中药丹参酮ⅡA(TS)洗脱支架,探究其在动脉粥样硬化病变部位的治疗作用。方法采用超声雾化喷涂技术构建TS洗脱支架;利用水接触角(WCA)检测仪、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱仪(FTIR)、球囊扩张实验及场发射扫描电镜(SEM)等对涂层表面的亲疏水性、化学成分及结构、涂层机械性能进行检测分析;采用紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)对TS涂层药物释放行为进行检测;通过体外溶血率和血小板实验初步评价涂层的血液相容性;通过体外细胞相容性实验评估TS涂层对内皮细胞(ECs)和平滑肌细胞(SMCs)增殖的影响,以及对巨噬细胞炎症行为及表型的调节作用;通过半体内血液循环实验进一步探索涂层抗血栓形成效果。结果WCA、FTIR、SEM和UV-Vis等检测结果证实了TS洗脱支架的成功制备,涂层中TS在体外能够保持28 d持续释放;体外生物相容性结果表明,TS与聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)质量比为30%的涂层具有显著抑制血小板的黏附和激活、促进ECs及抑制SMCs增殖的作用,同时能够有效调节巨噬细胞的炎症行为;半体内血液循环实验结果表明,涂层具有良好的抗血栓形成的效果。结论制备的TS洗脱支架具有选择性促进内皮增殖,抑制平滑肌增生、调控炎症的作用,以及优异的抗血栓形成能力,能够为病变血管修复提供一种潜在的解决方案。

抗血管内皮生长因子药物治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的研究进展

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR),是糖尿病患者眼部最严重的微血管并发症,严重影响患者的视功能,是全球糖尿病患者失明的主要原因。血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在DR的发病机制中起着关键作用,是诱导视网膜新生血管形成的主要血管生成因子。目前家族成员有7个,包括VEGF-A、VEGF-B、VEGF-C、VEGF-D、VEGF-E、VEGF-F和胎盘生长因子(PLGF),这些配体通过激活酪氨酸激酶受体,即血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)-1和VEG-FR-2来引发一系列生理活动,并进一步加速DR的病程进展。玻璃体腔内注射抗VEGF药物是目前治疗DR的有效措施,通过与VEGF特异性结合,可明显消退视网膜新生血管,减轻黄斑水肿。常用的抗VEGF药物包括贝伐单抗、雷珠单抗、康柏西普、阿柏西普等。但抗VEGF药物半衰期较短,需要在一定时间后再次注射,长期反复应用的安全性仍需进一步研究。现将抗VEGF治疗DR的研究进展进行综述。

应用失效模式与效应分析法提高药房盘点质量探索

目的:优化现代化门诊药房药品盘点过程以提升盘点质量。方法:通过文献检索、头脑风暴等方法绘制药品盘点流程图并收集每个子流程的潜在失效模式及失效原因,应用失效模式与效应分析法(Failure Mode and Effect Analysis,FMEA)对各失效模式发生的可能性、严重性和可侦测度进行评分及风险优先值(RPN)计算,量化并确定高风险失效模式,制定改进措施并实施,分析改善效果。结果:确定了盘点的3个主流程和12个子流程,以及各子流程相关的21项失效模式和38项失效原因,高风险因素共15项,制定针对性改进措施28项。干预改进后,各高风险失效模式RPN值均显著降低,其中最高的4项由392、288、280、280分别降至42、48、56、63,均处于相对低风险区域;干预管理前后复盘相符率由82.4%上涨至96.2%,盘存时长由180.2 min降至155.3 min。结论:FMEA法在药品盘点过程存在问题分析改进中的价值是肯定的,制定的各项改进措施,尤其是针对现代化药房自动化设备盘存模块的相关措施,以及低代码平台在智能化盘点中的应用等对于盘点质量的提升作用非常显著,值得借鉴并推广运用来提升药品经济和质量管理。

移植肾功能丧失受者的临床管理策略

随着肾移植手术技术的成熟和新型免疫抑制药的引入以及免疫抑制方案的改进,肾移植受者的短期生存率已显著提高,但长期生存并未得到显著改善。肾移植受者通常可能面临移植肾功能丧失。移植肾功能丧失后的医疗管理较为复杂,包括免疫抑制药的调整、移植肾的处理以及后续肾脏替代治疗方式的选择。这些医疗管理直接影响移植肾功能丧失患者的预后,但目前仍缺少相关指南或共识,往往根据临床医师的自身经验决定。本文对目前移植肾功能丧失后免疫抑制药的调整、移植肾的处理和后续肾脏替代治疗方式的选择等进行综述,旨在为延长患者的生存期和提高生活质量提供参考。

PCI后损伤血管再内皮化的机制与治疗研究进展

晚期支架内血栓形成是经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后主要的并发症,严重影响了冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者的预后,带来不可逆转的危害。PCI后损伤血管再内皮化可减少晚期支架内血栓的形成,再内皮化的机制主要包括内皮细胞黏附和增殖的调控、平滑肌细胞黏附和增殖的调控、血小板黏附聚集和活化以及纤维蛋白原的吸附。对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者血管损伤再内皮化机制的研究,可为损伤后血管重塑提供新的思路和治疗靶点,有利于提升PCI患者的预后。现就PCI后损伤血管再内皮化的相关机制和治疗进行综述。

芪黄益肾汤联合治疗对慢性肾脏病脾肾亏虚证患者的效果及血清Lp-PLA 2、VEGF的作用

目的探讨芪黄益肾汤联合治疗在慢性肾脏病(CKD)脾肾亏虚证中的治疗效果及对患者血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A 2(Lp-PLA 2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的作用。方法选取2021年7月—2023年6月80例CKD脾肾亏虚证患者,采用随机数字表法分为2组各40例。对照组采用常规西医治疗,研究组在西医治疗基础上联合芪黄益肾汤治疗,连续治疗3个月。统计对比2组中西医疗效、不良反应,治疗前后肾功能指标[尿素(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)]、中医证候积分、Lp-PLA 2、VEGF。结果治疗1个月后、治疗3个月后研究组中医证候主症积分、次症积分、总积分均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗3个月后研究组BUN、Scr、Lp-PLA 2、VEGF均低于对照组,eGFR高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。研究组中西医总有效率分别为95.0%(38/40)、92.5%(37/40)均高于对照组的77.5%(31/40)、75.0%(30/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组肝肾功能均无异常,不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论芪黄益肾汤联合治疗能进一步改善CKD脾肾亏虚证患者肾功能,减轻症状,提高临床疗效,对Lp-PLA 2、VEGF等因子也有一定的调节作用,且安全性较高。

药物涂层球囊联合血栓抽吸治疗亚急性下肢动脉栓塞的效果研究

目的探讨药物涂层球囊联合血栓抽吸治疗亚急性下肢动脉栓塞的效果。方法选择2018年1月至2022年1月中国人民解放军空军军医大学第二附属医院收治的78例亚急性下肢动脉栓塞患者进行前瞻性研究,根据随机数表法将患者分为对照组和研究组,每组39例。对照组患者接受血栓抽吸治疗,研究组患者在对照组治疗的基础上联合药物涂层球囊治疗。比较两组患者术前与术后即刻的静脉通畅评分、静脉通畅率;比较两组患者术前、术后即刻及术后6个月的股腘动脉最小管腔直径和踝肱指数(ABI);比较两组患者术前、术后24 h及术后2周的血管内皮功能[包括内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)]。结果治疗前,两组患者的静脉通畅评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,两组患者的静脉通畅评分均明显降低,且研究组患者的即刻静脉通畅评分为(2.06±0.42)分,明显低于对照组的(2.37±0.60)分,静脉通畅率为(73.32±9.61)%,明显高于对照组的(62.41±10.85)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前,两组患者的股腘动脉最小管腔直径和ABI比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后即刻与治疗6个月后,两组患者的股腘动脉最小管腔直径、ABI均明显升高,且研究组患者的股腘动脉最小管腔直径、ABI分别为(3.50±0.79)mm、0.88±0.14和(3.25±0.64)mm、0.87±0.15,明显高于对照组的(3.09±0.73)mm、0.79±0.12和(1.58±0.42)mm、0.63±0.10,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前,两组患者的ET-1、NO水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后24 h与治疗2周后,两组患者的ET-1水平明显升高、NO水平明显降低,且研究组患者的ET-1水平分别为(67.23±7.08)pg/mL、(65.79±6.75)pg/mL,明显低于对照组的(71.23±7.52)pg/mL、(70.56±6.58)pg/mL,NO水平为(32.62±4.23)pg/mL、(33.76±4.41)pg/mL,明显高于对照组的(28.48±4.21)pg/mL、(30.21±4.72)pg/mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论药物涂层球囊联合血栓抽吸治疗亚急性下肢动脉栓塞可扩大股腘动脉血管直径,提高踝肱指数,同时可有效减轻血管内皮损伤,临床应用疗效显著,具有推广应用价值。

血管支架效果与问题在医疗质量管理研究中的热点:卫生经济学评价

背景:临床上血管支架的使用涉及高昂的医疗费用,但同时也可能在减少患者心血管事件、改善生活质量等方面带来长期的效益,而经济学评估可以帮助决策者更好地理解治疗方法的成本与效益之间的平衡。目的:分析卫生经济学相关文献,探讨血管支架效果与问题在医疗质量管理研究中的热点。方法:检索Web of Science核心集数据库关于血管支架的卫生经济学评价文献,采用VOSviewer_1.6.19软件对年度发文量、机构、国家和关键词等进行可视化分析,最后从卫生经济学和医疗质量管理角度分析血管支架效果与问题的研究热点。结果与结论:①最终纳入英文文献120篇,近10年此领域研究发文最高的年份是2019年,发文10篇,发文量最多的机构是美国哈佛大学(发文20篇),发文量最多的国家是美国(发文58篇)。②关键词聚类分析显示,裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架在冠脉疾病中的成本效果分析、血管成形术支架干预的成本效益分析、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用冠脉支架的效果,这3个聚类研究方向为血管支架研究领域的卫生经济学评估的研究热点。③进一步总结医疗管理质量背景下血管支架治疗效果的研究热点为:血管支架的长期效果、安全性、药物释放机制研究、个体化治疗、再狭窄问题和支架镶嵌技术。④高被引文献分析结果显示,药物洗脱支架释放药物以减少血管再狭窄的风险,与裸金属支架相比再狭窄率较低,但通常成本较高;生物降解支架是结合裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架的优点,即避免长期的支架存在和减少再狭窄的风险,但它们的成本可能会更高,而且短期内可能会有一些并发症,目前应用并不广泛。⑤在进行血管支架成本效果比较时,除了直接的支架成本外,还需要考虑的因素包括支架再干预的风险和成本、并发症的风险和成本、药物治疗的持续时间和成本、患者的生活质量。因此,虽然药物洗脱支架和生物降解支架的初始成本可能高于裸金属支架,但它们可能在长期内带来更好的临床结果,从而产生更有利的成本效果。⑥未来的研究方向应注重个性化的血管支架治疗决策的制定、观察支架治疗的长期效果、支架对患者生活质量的影响、制定卫生政策、医疗资源合理分配及长期随访机制的建立。

精神分裂症患者治疗前后的Tie-2、VEGF、PRL变化及其临床意义

目的探讨精神分裂症患者治疗前后血管生成素受体酪氨酸激酶2(Tie-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、泌乳素(PRL)的变化及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析2021年7月至2023年9月河南省荣康医院收治的91例精神分裂症患者的临床资料,根据治疗应答情况分为有效组77例和无效组14例。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗2周和4周后的Tie-2、VEGF、PRL水平。应用皮尔逊(Pearson)相关性分析Tie-2、VEGF、PRL与帕利哌酮血药浓度的相关性及其与治疗应答的相关性,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价Tie-2、VEGF及两者联合预测精神分裂症患者治疗后疗效为有效的价值,采用精准-召回曲线评价ROC分析的准确度。结果91例精神分裂症患者治疗后临床痊愈19例,显效48例,好转10例,无效14例,有效率为84.62%;帕利哌酮血药浓度第1~2周呈明显升高趋势,第2周达峰值,第2~4周处于较稳定水平;有效组患者治疗2周和4周后的Tie-2分别为(2153.42±157.83)pg/mL、(2279.88±135.25)pg/mL,明显高于无效组的(1782.19±208.54)pg/mL、(1788.15±223.48)pg/mL,VEGF分别为(422.39±41.65)pg/mL、(461.37±52.80)pg/mL,明显高于无效组的(310.55±24.78)pg/mL、(312.67±27.99)pg/mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Pearson相关性分析结果显示,PRL治疗2周和4周后的变化值与帕利哌酮血药浓度呈显著正相关(r=0.712、0.665,P<0.01);Tie-2和VEGF治疗2周和4周后的变化值与PANSS减分率呈显著正相关(r=0.769、0.752;0.778、0.758,P<0.01);经ROC分析结果显示,Tie-2联合VEGF预测治疗应答的ROC下面积(AUC)为0.899,大于Tie-2(0.769)、VEGF(0.707)(P<0.05);经精准-召回曲线分析结果显示,其AUC为0.901,意味着高精准率和高召回率,采用Tie-2联合VEGF预测治疗应答能为临床医生提供决策支持。结论精神分裂症患者治疗后Tie-2、VEGF变化与帕利哌酮治疗应答有关,联合检测两者可作为预测治疗应答一个方案,为临床医生提供决策支持,PRL变化则与帕利哌酮血药浓度有关,呈现出评估血药浓度和PRL相关不良反应风险的双重应用价值。

Drug-targeting methodologies with applications: A review

Targeted drug delivery to solid tumors is a very active research area, focusing mainly on improved drug formulation and associated best delivery methods/devices. Drug-targeting has the potential to greatly improve drug-delivery efficacy, reduce side effects, and lower the treatment costs. However, the vast majority of drug-targeting studies assume that the drug-particles are already at the target site or at least in its direct vicinity. In this review, drug-delivery methodologies, drug types and drug-delivery devices are discussed with examples in two major application areas:(1) inhaled drug-aerosol delivery into human lung-airways; and(2) intravascular drug-delivery for solid tumor targeting. The major problem addressed is how to deliver efficiently the drug-particles from the entry/infusion point to the target site. So far, most experimental results are based on animal studies. Concerning pulmonary drug delivery, the focus is on the pros and cons of three inhaler types, i.e., pressurized metered dose inhaler, dry powder inhaler and nebulizer, in addition to drug-aerosol formulations. Computational fluid-particle dynamics techniques and the underlying methodology for a smart inhaler system are discussed as well.Concerning intravascular drug-delivery for solid tumor targeting, passive and active targeting are reviewed as well as direct drug-targeting, using optimal delivery of radioactive microspheres to liver tumors as an example. The review concludes with suggestions for future work, considereing both pulmonary drug targeting and direct drug delivery to solid tumors in the vascular system.

The functions and applications of A7R in anti-angiogenic therapy, imaging and drug delivery systems

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR-2)and neuropilin-1(NRP-1)are two prominent antiangiogenic targets.They are highly expressed on vascular endothelial cells and some tumor cells.Therefore,targeting VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 may be a potential antiangiogenic and antitumor strategy.A7R,a peptide with sequence of Ala-Thr-Trp-Leu-Pro-Pro-Arg that was found by phage display of peptide libraries,can preferentially target VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 and destroy the binding between vascular endothelial growth factor 165(VEGF165)and VEGFR-2 or NRP-1.This peptide is a new potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and a targeting ligand for cancer therapy.This review describes the discovery,function and mechanism of the action of A7R,and further introduces the applications of A7R in antitumor angiogenic treatments,tumor angiogenesis imaging and targeted drug delivery systems.In this review,strategies to deliver different drugs by A7R-modified liposomes and nanoparticles are highlighted.A7R,a new dual targeting ligand of VEGFR-2 and NRP-1,is expected to have efficient therapeutic or targeting roles in tumor drug delivery.

风药开玄在血管性痴呆中的应用

血管性痴呆为本虚标实之证,病机为在虚、痰、瘀、风、火五大病理因素作用下,脑玄府郁闭,神机失用。风药为具有风木属性的一类药物,味薄质轻,性升浮发散,能够助行药势,可疏散脑玄府郁结,开玄解郁。具体治法有治风开玄、补虚开玄、祛瘀开玄、化痰开玄,风动于内者,治风开玄,方可选七味追风散、小续命汤;需补益与开通配合者,补虚开玄,方可选益气聪明汤;气血瘀滞者,祛瘀开玄,方可选通窍活血汤;痰证明显者,化痰开玄,方可选半夏白术天麻汤加石菖蒲、葛根、川芎等。临床应用时仍需注意血管性痴呆的分型,因人而异,据证施治。

Different Responses of Cell Cycle between Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Vascular Endothelial Cells to Paclitaxel

Summary： Although previous reports showed dmg-eluting stent （DES） could effectively inhibit neointima formation, in-stent restenosis （ISR） remains an important obstacle. The purpose of this study was to investigate different effects of paclitaxel on proliferation and cell cycle regulators between vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） and vascular endothelial cells （VECs） of rats in vitro. The cultured VSMCs and VECs of rats from the same tissues were examined by using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and Western blotting in control and paclitaxel-treated groups. The results showed paclitaxel could effectively inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and VECs. However, as compared with VECs, prolif- eration of VSMCs in paclitaxel-treated group decreased less rapidly. The percentage of cells in G0-G1 and G2-M phases was reduced, and that in S phase increased after treatment for 72 h. The expression of cyclin D1 and B1, p27 and PCNA in VSMCs of paclitaxel-treated group was up-regulated, but that of p21 down-regulated as compared with VECs. It is concluded that there are significant differences in the expression of cell cycle regulators and proliferation rate between paclitaxel-treated VSMCs and paclitaxel-treated VECs, suggesting that the G1 S checkpoint regulated by paclitaxel may play a critical role in the development of complications of DES, which provides new strategies for treatments of ISR.

STUDY ON TREATMENT OF VASCULAR DEMENTIA WITH ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION PRINCIPALLY

32 cases of vascular dementia were randomly assigned to acupuncture-medicine group (16 cases) and Chinese drug group(16 cases). After treatment for two months, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the therapeutic effects(P < 0.01 ). The therapeutic effect in the acupuncturer-medicine group was superior to that in the Chinese drug group. The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) were increased and the level of lipids peroxide (LPO) was decreased in the two groups. Acupuncture and moxibustion combined with Chinese drugs for tonifying the kidney had the better action.