VLFS的新型结构设计

作为一种新型的海洋浮式结构,将网架结构的设计理念应用于超大型海洋浮式结构物VLFS的设计。网架结构具有结构强度高、工业化程度高、制造难度低、安装便利和制造工期短等优点。运用ABAQUS有限元软件对新型VLFS浮式结构在海洋环境条件下的应力和应变进行分析,新型VLFS浮式结构的强度、稳定性和耐波性满足工程要求。

A method to Estimate Dynamic Responses of VLFS Based on Multi-Floating-Module Model Connected by Elastic Hinges

Based on the elastic foundation beam theory and the multi-floating-module hydrodynamic theory,a novel method is proposed to estimate the dynamic responses of VLFS(Very Large Floating Structure).In still water,a VLFS can be simplified as an elastic foundation beam model or a multi-floating-module model connected by elastic hinges.According to equivalent displacement of the two models in static analysis,the problem of rotation stiffness of elastic hinges can be solved.Then,based on the potential flow theory,the dynamic responding analysis of multi-floatingmodule model under wave loads can be computed in ANSYS-AQWA software.By assembling the time domain analysis results of each module,the dynamic responses of the VLFS can be obtained.Validation of the method is conducted through a series of comparison calculations,which mainly includes a continuous structure and a three-part structure connected by hinges in regular waves.The results of this paper method show a satisfactory agreement with the experiment and calculation data given in relative references.

An Improved Simplified Method for Predicting the Hydroelastic Response of Mat-Like VLFS

Very Large Floating Structures (VLFS) have received considerable attention recently. Efficient and accurate estimation of their hydroelastic responses in waves is very important for the design. The most efficient approach would obviously be the analytical one, Within the category of analytical approaches, the simplified method proposed by Ohkusu and his colleague are of special characteristics. However, when one studies their methods, several questions arise. The purpose of this paper is to critically study the simplified methods proposed by Ohkusu and his colleague in order to answer these questions. Some problems in their original methods have been found and possible improvements are suggested. It is concluded that the improved simplified method using the same idea of Ohkusu and his colleague could provide a reasonable estimate of the hydroelastic response of mat-like VLFS in a certain range of incident angles of waves.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Hydrodynamic Interactions of Two VLFS Modules Deployed in Tandem

This paper numerically and experimentally investigates the hydrodynamic interaction between two semi-submersible type VLFS modules in the frequency domain. Model tests were conducted to investigate the relationship between interactions and wave headings. Numerical studies were performed by solving the radiation-diffraction problem and were validated against the experimental results. Motion Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) were obtained from numerical and experimental studies. The dependency of the hydrodynamic interaction effect on wave headings is clarified. The influence of different wave periods on the motion responses of two-module VLFS and wave elevations in the gap is studied. The results indicate that the hydrodynamic interactions of the two modules are directly related to the wave headings and the periods of the incident wave. The shielding effect plays an important role in short wave, and the influence decreases with the increase of the incident wavelength. The numerical results based on the diffraction-radiation code can give a relatively good estimation to the responses in short wave while for long wave, it would over-predict the response.

Hydroelastic Response of VLFS with An Attached Submerged Horizontal Solid/Porous Plate Under Wave Action

The hydroelastic responses of a submerged horizontal solid/porous plate attached at the front of a very large rectangular floating structure(VLFS)under wave action has been investigated in the context of linear water wave theory.Darcy’s law is adopted to represent energy dissipation in pores.It is assumed that the porous plates are made of material with very fine pores so that the normal velocity across the perforated porous is linearly associated with the pressure drop.In the analytic method,the eigenfunction expansion-matching method(EEMM)for multiple domains is applied to solve the hydrodynamic problem and the elastic equation of motion is solved by the modal expansion method.The performance of the proposed submerged horizontal solid/porous plate can be significantly enhanced by selecting optimal design parameters,such as plate length,horizontal position,submerged depth and porosity.It is concluded that good damping effect can be achieved through installation of solid and porous plate.Porous plate has better damping effect at low frequencies,while solid plate has better damping effect at high frequencies.The optimal ratio of plate length to water depth is 0.25-0.375,and the optimal ratio of submerged depth to water depth is 0.09-0.181.

Experimental Study of Mooring Type Effect on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of VLFS

Mooring system is a significant part of very large offshore floating structures(VLFS).In this paper,a single module pontoon type VLFS model considering four mooring types is studied through physical model tests to determine the effects of mooring conditions on the hydroelastic response,mooring force,incident coefficient,reflection coefficient and energy dissipation coefficient.Eight mooring cables are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the model.The floating body model satisfies the similarity of stiffness and gravity,while the cable satisfies the similarity of elasticity and gravity.The results show that the effect of mooring type on mooring force is greater than that on hydroelastic response.Increasing the initial tension of the mooring cable will reduce the amplitude of the leeward of the VLFS model.The mooring angle of the mooring cable will affect the maximum mooring force and the initial tension of the mooring line will affect the wave period in which the maximum mooring force occurs.The transmission coefficient and wave energy dissipation coefficient will change regularly with different mooring types.These results may provide a reference to facilitate the mooring design of VLFS.

Oblique Wave-Induced Responses of A VLFS Edged with A Pair of Inclined Perforated Plates

This paper is concerned with the hydroelastic responses of a mat-like, rectangular very large floating structure(VLFS) edged with a pair of horizontal/inclined perforated anti-motion plates in the context of the direct coupling method. The updated Lagrangian formulae are applied to establish the equilibrium equations of the VLFS and the total potential formula is employed for fluids in the numerical model including the viscous effect of the perforated plates through the Darcy’s law. The hybrid finite element-boundary element(FE-BE) method is implemented to determine the response reduction of VLFS with attached perforated plates under various oblique incident waves.Also, the numerical solutions are validated against a series of experimental tests. The effectiveness of the attached perforated plates in reducing the deflections of the VLFS can be significantly improved by selecting the proper design parameters such as the porous parameter, submergence depth, plate width and inclination angle for the given sea conditions.

A Novel Conceptual Telescopic Positioning Pile for VLFS Deployed in Shallow Water:Structure Design

A conceptual design of using novel telescopic piles to position a multi-modular very large floating structure(VLFS),which is supposed to be severed as a movable floating airport,is proposed.The telescopic piles can automatically plug in the soil to resist the environmental loads and pull out from the soil to evacuate or move on to the next operational sea.The feasibility demonstration of the conceptual design includes two parts:function verification and structure design.In the latter part of the conceptual design,a time-domain structural analysis is firstly conducted by using Abaqus software.The simulation results suggest that the preliminary structure scheme is not optimum due to the insufficient structure utilization,although both structure safety of the piles and positioning accuracy are guaranteed.To realize a cost reduction of construction and installation,a Genetic Algorithm-Finite Element Analysis(GA-FEA)method is employed to perform structural optimization.After optimization,31 percent of the weight of each pile is reduced and higher structure utilization is maintained.The difference of the self-weight and allowable buoyancy of a single module(SMOD)of a semisubmersible-type VLFS is much larger than the weight of the piles.Combined with the function verification in our previous work,the conceptual design of using the novel telescopic pile to position VLFS is demonstrated to be feasible.

Analysis on the applicability of VLFS for China

With the advantages on rapid construction,no limitation of extent,less influence on environment, the VLFS has been turned into the focus of coastal and offshore engineering studying.As the platform,VLFS was built as airport,huge oil house etc,and would play the role of ocean economics,politics and military.The restrictive condition of VLFS is strong wave by monsoon,seismic,serious bomb etc.The floating breakwater should be put forward to shelter VLFS.The analysis of wave condition including typhoon route,archipelago and water depth is performed in this paper.The advantage and disadvantage are compared between VLFS and the marine structure from land.

A direct coupling analysis method of hydroelastic responses of VLFS in complicated ocean geographical environment

In this paper a direct coupling analysis method (DCAM) of hydroelastic responses of a very large floating structures (VLFS) in complicated geographical environment is presented. In this method the three-dimensional hydroelasticity theory of floating bodies is combined with the shallow water wave theory, to allow for proper description of the influence of uneven seabed and sheltering effect of islands on the hydroelastic responses of a VLFS deployed near island and reefs in shallow sea. This method and the numerical procedures were verified and validated by comparison-between the predictions and the model test results of a 3-module VLFS and an 8-module VLFS in two simulated shallow sea regions with different seabed topography.

各向异性电离层中沿地磁场取向有限长柱体目标的近场散射

为了研究甚低频(very low frequency,VLF)电磁波对电离层中目标的近场散射机制,提出了一种VLF电磁波在该环境中对有限长金属和介质柱体近场散射的计算方法。首先,通过定义散射系数和交叉散射系数,分析各向异性电离层中电型波和磁型波激励下的散射矩阵;然后,根据积分方程法和矩量法,计算得到各向异性电离层中有限长金属和介质柱体的近区散射场和表面电流半解析表达式;最后,通过各向异性电离层中VLF波的特征波分析,给出柱体近区散射场中寻常波(O波)和非寻常波(E波)分量空间分布情况。计算结果表明:电离层中VLF波在金属和介质目标表面激励了不同的电流,并在不同的电离层环境参数、柱体尺寸和入射角度下产生相应的近场散射和耦合散射;通过对比O波和E波表面电流分布和散射分量,进一步揭示了VLF波与暴露在均匀等离子体环境中的柱体目标的散射机理。本文的计算方法和结果可为电离层中散射通信和目标探测提供理论依据。

超大型浮式结构物(VLFS)的应用前景及优越性分析

超大型浮式结构物(Very Large Floating Structure简称VLFS)是指那些尺度以公里计的浮式结构物,以区别于目前以百米计的船舶与海洋工程结构物。在开发和利用海洋资源,特别是深海远海海域海洋资源项目,VLFS结构应用具有重要意义和优越性。

基于VLF/LF三维闪电定位系统的吉林省闪电特征分析

利用2018—2020年吉林省VLF/LF三维闪电定位资料,分析了吉林省闪电的时空分布和雷电流强度特征。结果表明:吉林省闪电集中发生在5—9月,峰值在6月;日闪电高发时段在13—19时;总闪、地闪和云闪频数时变化特征趋于一致,均呈双峰型,主峰值出现在16—17时,次峰值出现在23—24时;地闪以负闪为主,云闪中的正、负闪比例相近。吉林省总闪密度高值区主要集中在辽源北部、四平东部、长春南部至吉林中西部一带,东部延边州的龙井、延吉、图们一带,松原南部至长春西部一带;云闪和地闪高密度区域也基本出现在这三个高值区内;闪电高值区均处于山区及半山区地带。雷电流强度主要集中在10~50 kA,正闪的平均雷电流强度高于负闪。云闪多发生在2~5 km的高度,高度小于16 km时,平均雷电流强度随高度的增加而增大;高度大于16 km时,高度越高平均雷电流强度越小。

Variations of Atmospheric ELF/VLF Radio Noise Due to Seismogenic Modifications in Tropospheric Conductivity

We suggest a possible explanation of the influence of pre-seismic activity on the registration rate of natural ELF(extremely low frequency)/VLF(very low frequency) pulses and the changes of their characteristics. The main idea is as follows. The distribution of the electric field around a thundercloud depends on the conductivity profile of the atmosphere. Quasi-static electric fields of a thundercloud decrease in those tropospheric regions where an increase of air conductivity is generated by pre-seismic activities due to emanation of radioactive gas and water into the lower atmosphere. The electric field becomes reduced in the lower troposphere, and the probability decreases of the cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes in such “contaminated” areas. Simultaneously, the electric field grows inside and above the thunderclouds, and hence, we anticipate a growth in the number of horizontal and tilted inter-cloud (or intra-cloud) (both termed as IC discharges) strokes. Spatial orientation of lightning strokes reduces vertical projection of their individual amplitudes, while the rate (median number strokes per a unit time) of discharges grows. We demonstrate that channel tilt of strokes modifies the spectral content of ELF/VLF radio noise and changes the rate of detected pulses during the earthquake preparation phase.

人工磁流源辐射VLF波的传播特性研究

利用大功率高频(HF)电波对多个电离层区域进行调制加热,使电离层中的自然电流产生振荡,被调制的电流组成VLF磁流源,以此作为辐射VLF波的小环天线。利用全波解的方法对磁流源向下辐射的电磁波在电离层中的传播进行数值模拟,计算出在海面上的场强,分析在不同电离层参数和地磁场参数条件下对传播衰减的影响。结果表明:VLF磁流源的磁偶极矩与调制频率和加热功率有关,调制频率越低,加热功率越大,所产生的磁偶极矩越大。调制过程中所产生的电子温度变化对电磁波的传播衰减影响很小,而地磁场参数对传播衰减的影响较大。

一种基于VLF/LF闪电数据的多算法融合雷暴系统识别技术

为深入挖掘VLF/LF三维闪电监测网在雷电临近预警中的应用效益,提出一种基于VLF/LF闪电数据的多算法融合雷暴系统识别技术,首先对OPTICS聚类法进行参数自适应改进,即基于VLF/LF闪电数据的空间分布特征,利用双总体t检验法实时计算初始输入参数Min_ρ,使其自适应于待处理的闪电数据;而后与K-Means聚类法融合应用,利用K-Means法通过迭代计算聚类中心的优势,改进仅凭OPTICS法无法准确定位雷暴体的中心点的缺陷。经不同尺度雷暴天气过程检验,该技术有效改善OPTICS法等常规的密度聚类法无法适用于三维闪电数据聚类处理、无法识别区分密度差异不大的相邻雷暴体的缺陷,能实现任意尺度形状雷暴体的识别及中心点的精准计算,可为雷暴追踪及趋势外推工作提供优于传统聚类技术的雷暴系统识别结果,也能为雷暴灾害天气的预报及雷电预警模型的训练提供有效的知识库支撑。

超大型海洋浮式结构物开发过程中需要解决的关键技术问题

在我国研制和开发超大型海洋浮式结构物 (VL FS)对本世纪海洋工程的持续发展具有极为深远的战略意义。为了在我国研制和开发 VL FS,首先必须要搞清楚在超大型海洋浮式结构物开发过程中需要解决的关键技术问题。本文通过对国际上大量文献的阅读和消化并经归纳和整理 ,从六个方面提出了需要研究解决的问题 :(1)概念设计 ,(2 )动力特性预报 ,(3)设计和建造 ,(4)可服役性、耐久性和可维性 ,(5 )事故载荷和风险评估 ,(6 )环境及生态影响。

浅吃水超大型浮体连接器动力响应

采用刚性模块柔性连接器(RMFC)模型,柔性连接器假定为线性弹簧模型。基于三维势流理论计算浮体水动力,从而得到连接器的动力响应。计算并比较了3种不同模型在7级海况作用下的连接器动力响应,研究了浅水效应对连接器动力特性的影响,得到超大型浮体连接器动力响应一定的规律,从而为浅吃水超大型浮体连接器的设计提供一定的参考。

超大型浮体横撑结构极限强度分析

超大型浮体(VLFS)的横撑是整个结构的关键部位,极易发生破坏,因此有必要对超大型浮体横撑结构进行极限强度分析。文章以超大型浮体横撑为研究对象,计算其在两端受压、受拉、受剪切和受弯矩作用下的极限承载力,分析其失效模式,并讨论边界约束、初始缺陷和海水腐蚀等因素对撑杆结构极限承载力的影响。结果表明,撑杆结构受压失效模式表现为屈曲失效和塑性变形;受拉、受剪和受弯失效模式表现为屈服和塑性流动;边界条件、初始缺陷和腐蚀对撑杆结构的极限承载力具有一定的影响。文中研究结果可为超大型浮体横撑结构设计和安全可靠性分析提供相关依据。

超大型浮体单模块在典型波浪载荷下的强度分析

超大型海上浮式结构物(very large floating structures,VLFS)由多个模块组成,单模块结构强度是研究超大型海上浮式结构物强度的基础,因此,有必要对超大型浮体单模块在典型波浪载荷下进行强度分析.首先根据挪威船级社(DNV)海上浮式结构物强度分析的相关规范,考虑该超大型海上浮式结构物单模块下浮体横向设置的特点,选取了纵向分离、纵向扭转、横向剪切和垂向弯曲4种典型波浪载荷工况;然后采用SESAM有限元分析软件,对波浪载荷进行长期预报;最后基于有限元直接计算方法对超大型海上浮式结构物单模块在4种典型工况下的强度进行计算,分析得到结构整体应力水平分布均匀,但存在上箱体和立柱连接处部位、下浮体和立柱连接处、撑杆几何尺寸变化3处高应力区的相关结论,为超大型海上浮式结构物的结构设计提供了相关理论依据.