三维超声VOCAL技术:一种精确测量子宫肌瘤体积的方法

目的:评估二维超声(2D-US)、三维超声VOCAL技术(3D-VOCAL)对子宫肌瘤体积(UMV)测量的精确性。方法:选取2022年10月~2023年4月于福建医科大学附属龙岩第一医院行子宫肌瘤外科手术治疗的患者45例,术前运用2D-US、3D-VOCAL对UMV进行测量,与手术切除后的实际肌瘤体积进行比较,评估两种超声技术测量UMV的准确性及重复性。结果:3D-VOCAL测量肌瘤体积的一致性(ICC=0.992)高于2D-US(ICC=0.976),且3D-VOCAL在不同大小肌瘤中的ICC均高于2D-US(均P<0.001)。2D-US、3D-VOCAL、手术术后3组间UMV测值的体积在最大径<8 cm差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而3组间在最大径≥8 cm差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);进一步两两分析显示,在最大径≥8 cm UMV中,2D-US与手术术后的UMV测值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),3D-VOCAL与手术术后的UMV测值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3D-VOCAL在不同观察者间及观察者内的一致性均优于2D-US。结论:3D-VOCAL对于术前UMV的测量优于2D-US,是一种简便、高效的可靠方法,为临床随访提供理论依据。

A Study of the Effect of Sichuan Opera Singing on the Vocal Skills of Music Students

The purpose of the article is to explore the effects of Sichuan opera singing on music majors’vocal skills,focusing on three key aspects:pitch test,assessment of rhythmic perception,and emotional expression.Through a quasi-experimental design,100 music majors were selected as research subjects and divided into an experimental group that received Sichuan opera singing instruction and a control group that received traditional vocal instruction.The results showed that compared with the control group,the experimental group receiving Sichuan opera singing teaching showed significant improvement in pitch mastery,rhythm perception,and emotional expression.

The Contribution of Vocal Music Education in Colleges and Universities to Cultural Inheritance and Innovation

The importance of education and cultural inheritance is becoming increasingly prominent.Through literature review and empirical research,combining quantitative data and qualitative analysis,this paper assesses the teaching methods,curriculum,and student interest and participation in vocal music education in colleges and universities.The study found that vocal music education played a positive role in increasing students’participation in cultural activities,enhancing their identification with traditional music and improving their skills,despite problems such as inadequate teaching systems and homogenized curricula.In particular,the participation rate of students in cultural activities before and after the educational changes increased significantly from 31–54.7%to 62.4–83.6%,indicating that vocal music education can effectively stimulate students’enthusiasm for cultural participation.In addition,the strengthening of the teaching staff and innovations in teaching methods,such as the application of multimedia and virtual reality technologies,provide students with richer learning experiences and personalized learning paths.

Vocal repertoire of Azure-winged Magpies(Cyanopica cyanus):A context-associated communication system

Signals within animals’vocal communication are considered functional referential and context-specific.Even in the absence of the context,receivers are expected to acquire the information of calls and respond specificallyWhereas the framework was supported by plenty of evidence,its exhaustivity in describing all animal vocalisations has been questioned.Here,we investigated the vocal repertoire of a cooperatively breeding species,Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus),to present evidence for referential signals.The results showed that Azure-winged Magpies had a relatively large vocal repertoire,consisting of twelve distinct calls.These calls were associated with the context including movement,begging for food,contact,vigilance against predators,etc.However,even the predator-specific alarm calls would induce various responses of receivers.This implies that multiple pieces of information are involved in the vocalisation,which could be utilised by the receiver to select an appropriate response based on the surroundings.Our study gives a detailed description of the context and function of the vocal repertoire in Azure-winged Magpies,laying the foundation for further investigation on the developmental mechanisms of bird vocalisations.This study also suggests that the referential signals of animal vocalisations may not be limited to the context-specific responses of receivers and need to be discussed from a broader perspective.

三维VOCAL技术及MRI检查在子宫切口瘢痕妊娠中的诊断价值

目的探讨三维超声容积测量(Virtual organ computer-aided analysis,VOCAL)技术及磁共振成像技术(Magnetic resonance imaging technique,MRI)检查在子宫切口瘢痕妊娠中的诊断价值。方法选取2020年10月-2022年11月河北省衡水市第二人民医院169例瘢痕妊娠女性(研究组),另选取同期169例剖宫产术后正常妊娠女性(对照组)。两组均进行MRI及三维VOCAL检查,比较两组三维VOCAL参数[血管化血流指数(Vascularized blood flow index,VFI)、血流指数(Blood flow index,FI)、血管形成指数(Vascularity index,VI)]及MRI参数(不均匀强化率、剩余肌层厚度),并比较三维VOCAL技术及MRI检查对瘢痕妊娠诊断情况。结果研究组不均匀强化率、VFI、FI、VI高于对照组,剩余肌层厚度小于对照组(P<0.05)。三维VOCAL检查、MRI检查单独及联合诊断敏感度、准确度、阴性预测值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),联合检查特异度、阳性预测值与三维VOCAL、MRI单独检查间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论三维VOCAL联合MRI较单独检查,可提升子宫切口瘢痕妊娠诊断敏感度与准确度,降低漏诊及误诊风险,值得推广。

Paradoxical vocal fold motion masquerading as post-anesthetic respiratory distress:A case report

BACKGROUND Functional vocal cord disorders can be a differential diagnosis for postoperative upper airway obstruction requiring urgent intervention.However,this may be unfamiliar to anesthesiologists who would favor inappropriate airway intervention and increased morbidity.CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old woman underwent cervical laminectomy,followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy 10 mo later.Despite adequate reversal of neuromuscular blockade,the patient experienced repetitive respiratory difficulty with inspiratory stridor after extubation.After the second operation,the patient was diagnosed with paradoxical vocal fold motion(PVFM)by an otolaryngologist based on the clinical features and fiberoptic bronchoscopy results,and the patient was successfully treated.CONCLUSION PVFM should be considered a differential diagnosis if a patient presents with stridor after general anesthesia.

A 3D Geometry Model of Vocal Tract Based on Smart Internet of Things

The Internet of Things(IoT)plays an essential role in the current and future generations of information,network,and communication development and applications.This research focuses on vocal tract visualization and modeling,which are critical issues in realizing inner vocal tract animation.That is applied in many fields,such as speech training,speech therapy,speech analysis and other speech production-related applications.This work constructed a geometric model by observation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging data,providing a new method to annotate and construct 3D vocal tract organs.The proposed method has two advantages compared with previous methods.Firstly it has a uniform construction protocol for all speech organs.Secondly,this method can build correspondent feature points between different speech organs.There are less than three control parameters can be used to describe every speech organ accurately,for which the accumulated contribution rate is more than 88%.By means of the reconfiguration,the model error is less than 1.0 mm.Regarding to the data from Chinese Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),this is the first work of 3D vocal tract model.It will promote the theoretical research and development of the intelligent Internet of Things facing speech generation-related issues.

A Giant Granuloma of the Vocal Process after Double-Lumen Bronchial Catheter Insertion: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Double-lumen endotracheal (DLT) is commonly used for one-lung ventilation and lung separation during thoracic surgery. There are case reports of medically induced laryngeal granulomas, mainly in patients after single-lumen endotracheal (SLT) tube intubation and tracheotomy, and giant granulomas of the vocal cords due to double-lumen bronchial tube insertion have rarely been reported. Case presentation: A 49-year-old female patient underwent single-port thoracoscopy after DLT intubation as well as a wedge resection of the lower lobe of the left lung, which caused giant vocal process granulomas (VPGs) postoperatively. Based on a retrospective analysis of the general condition, current medical history, past medical history, and visual laryngoscopic observation of the vocal folds tissue, which ruled out preoperative vocal fold granuloma formation, we hypothesized that double-lumen bronchial catheter intubation may have been the primary cause of her vocal fold granuloma formation. Conclusions: Giant granuloma of the vocal folds after DLT insertion is a rare postoperative complication;therefore, if DLT intubation is to be performed, the anesthesiologist should choose an appropriate intubation plan and deal with it promptly to avoid the risk factors to ensure that the patient’s perioperative period is safe and smooth. In addition, if postoperative complications are encountered, they should be followed up and observed on time.

Place of Partial Arytenoidectomy in the Management of Bilateral Vocal Cord Immobilitis

Surgical management of laryngeal paralysis varies depending on whether the vocal cords are in abduction, adduction or paramedian position. Various surgical techniques have been described including partial arytenoidectomy which is reported to give good surgical results that are stable over time. The objective of the study was to analyze the surgical therapeutic elements of bilateral paralysis, especially to assess partial arytenoidectomy, one of the most performed techniques. This was a descriptive retrospective study of cases of bilateral immobility admitted between January 1st 2008 and March 31st 2018 and treated surgically. Socio-demographic and therapeutic data were collected. The survey involved 46 patients, with an equal number of male and female (23) with 50% of male patients and 23 patients were female, or a sex ratio of 1. The average age of the patients was 56 ± 17 years ranging between 14 and 89 years. Posterior partial arytenoidectomy was the most widely performed surgical technique (26 patients or 56.5%), followed by cordopexia or lateral-fixing of a vocal cord (19.6%) and posterior cordectomy (17.4%). Patients who received a partial arytenoidectomy and cordopexia had their vocal cords either in adduction or in the paramedian position. Those who received a posterior cordectomy had their vocal cords in adduction. 18 patients (39.13%) were taken to the operating theatre in less than 6 hours, 28 (60.9%) had no post-operative complications, and 9 patients received a surgical enlargement resumption. In post-operative follow-up, 11 patients suffered pulmonary aspiration corrected after speech therapy;26 patients (56.5%) did not. Partial arytenoidectomy remains the most performed surgical procedure in the management of closed bilateral laryngeal paralysis at the Mont-Godinne University Hospital. It allows a reliable and durable breathing function over time with less impact on the voice.

三维超声VOCAL技术在女童性早熟中的早期诊断及临床应用价值

目的:探讨三维超声VOCAL技术在真性性早熟及单纯乳房早发育的诊断价值。方法:通过三维超声VOCAL对30例CPP女童、35例PT及62例正常女童进行子宫和卵巢的影像学测量,对比30例CPP女童治疗前后影像学变化。结果:CPP组的子宫和卵巢长径、宽径及厚径大于PT组及正常组(P<0.001);0-6岁组,子宫长度是诊断CPP的最佳指标(灵敏度为81%,特异性为97.1%);在6-8岁组,子宫体积是诊断CPP的最佳指标(灵敏度为85%,特异性为73.4%);30例CPP女童治疗后影像学指标均缩小。结论:三维超声VOCAL技术用于真性性早熟与单纯性乳房早发育的鉴别诊断及疗效评估具有简便、可靠、无创的特点。

Vocal structure, behavior and partitioning of all 23 Pternistis spp. into homologous sound(and monophyletic) groups

The aims of this research were (1) to provide a description of spurfowl Pternistis spp. calls and their social context;(2) to describe the divergence of advertisement calls;and (3) to appropri-ate 23 spurfowl species to homologous sound groups which have been synthesized with recognized monophyletic groups within Pternistis spurfowls. Sound group partitioning was primarily based on male advertisement calls. A total of 218 recordings (rendering^300 identifiable calls) were analyzed covering 22 out of 23 spurfowl species in Africa. One species was assessed from written accounts. The repertoire size per spurfowl varies between 7 and 11 calls. Spurfowl calls were arranged into three broad categories including (1) advertisement calls;(2) maintenance calls including distress calls, juve-nile whining (“mews”), cheeps and comfort calls;and (3) male-female and female-offspring bonding calls. Spurfowl species were set out in eight sound groups of which five were more or less congruent with the monophyletic groups of Hall (1963), but sound groups produced more partitioning as Hall described only five groups relevant to Pternistis spp. The divergence of advertisement calls appar-ently minimizes hybridization between sympatric species but the“genetic distance”between spurfowl species is relatively small causing hybridization among spurfowl species. Despite the vocalizations of Hartlaub’s Spurfowl (P. hartlaubi) differing significantly from the rest of the spurfowls, sound analy-ses suggest that it remains within Pternistis.

基于Vocal的私网穿透的SBC(Session Border Controller)设计(英文)

随着技术的成熟,VoIP技术以更加迅猛的势头得到发展和普及,但是在这个过程中也不可避免的碰到一些困难和问题,VoIP应用如何穿越NAT的问题就是其中之一。VOCAL是完全基于SIP的VoIP开放源代码方案。如何穿越NAT也是用VOCAL系统开发VoIP服务必须解决的问题。研究了NAT技术给VoIP服务带来的问题,并且就当前主流的NAT穿透方案进行探讨,然后在此基础上选择一个无须对现有设备进行任何改动的VOCAL系统穿越NAT方案———SBC。并以VO-CAL系统为对象,研究SBC在VOCAL系统中的设计。

An Analysis of the Hoarse Speech Signals by the Three Mass Model of Vocal Cords *

A three mass model of vocal cords as well as mathematical expression of the model are discussed. Different kinds of typical hoarse speech due to laryngeal diseases are simulated on microcomputer and the effects of different pathological factors of vocal cords on model parameters are studied. Some typical spectrum distribution of the simulated speech signals are given. Moreover, hoarse speech signals of some typical cases are analyzed by the methods of digital signal processing, including FFT, LPC, Cepstrum technique, Pseudocolor encoding, etc. The experiment results show that the three mass model analysis of vocal cords is an efficient method for analysis of hoarse speech signals.

High frequency components in avian vocalizations

Ultrasonic communication in vertebrates is attracting increasing research interest.To determine if ultrasonic vocalization is common in birds,we recorded their vocalizations with ultrasound detectors in the Dongzhai National Nature Reserve of Henan Province,China.We found varying degrees of high frequency components in the vocalizations of 14 species and in several of these species,the frequency of harmonics was up to the range of ultrasound.We suggest that more studies are required to determine whether the high frequency components in avian vocalizations have functions and what these functions are.In addition,the ability of birds to hear sounds in the high frequency range also requires re-examination.

Previously unknown behavior in parasitic cuckoo females:male-like vocalization during migratory activity

Background:In the last decade,enigmatic male-like cuckoo calls have been reported several times in East Asia.These calls exhibited a combination of vocal traits of both Oriental Cuckoo(Cuculus optatus)and Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus)advertising calls,and some authors therefore suggested that the enigmatic calls were produced by either Common×Oriental Cuckoo male hybrids or Common Cuckoo males having a gene mutation.However,the exact identity of calling birds are still unknown.Methods:We recorded previously unknown male-like calls from three captive Oriental Cuckoo females,and compared these calls with enigmatic vocalizations recorded in the wild as well as with advertising vocalizations of Common and Oriental Cuckoo males.To achieve this,we measured calls automatically.Besides,we video-recorded captive female emitting male-like calls,and compared these recordings with the YouTube recordings of calling males of both Common and Oriental Cuckoos to get insight into the mechanism of call production.Results:The analysis showed that female male-like calls recorded in captivity were similar to enigmatic calls recorded in the wild.Therefore,Oriental Cuckoo females might produce the latter calls.Two features of these female calls appeared to be unusual among birds.First,females produced male-like calls at the time of spring and autumn migratory activity and on migration in the wild.Because of this,functional significance of this call remained puzzling.Secondly,the male-like female call unexpectedly combined features of both closed-mouth(closed beak and simultaneous inflation of the‘throat sac')and open-mouth(prominent harmonic spectrum and the maximum neck extension observed at the beginning of a sound)vocal behaviors.Conclusions:The Cuculus vocalizations outside the reproductive season remain poorly understood.Here,we found for the first time that Oriental Cuckoo females can produce male-like calls in that time.Because of its rarity,this call might be an atavism.Indeed,female male-like vocalizations are still known in non-parasitic tropical and apparently more basal cuckoos only.Therefore,our findings may shed light on the evolution of vocal communication in avian brood parasites.

Discussion on The Value Embodiment of Vocal Music Aesthetics in The Art of Vocal Music

With the continuous development of social economy in our country,communication between international culture,artistic and other aspects is also increasingly frequent.The improvement of material life inevitably bring the change of mental life.As a cross discipline between musical aesthetics and artistic aesthetics,vocal music aesthetics has gradually become the core content of vocal music art,and has been paid more and more attention by experts and scholars,the research on vocal music aesthetics has become an important subject in the ？ eld of theoretical research.By discussing the value of vocal music aesthetics in vocal music art,this paper further explores the connotation and function of vocal music aesthetics,in order to make a contribution to the prosperity and development of vocal music art of our country.

Vocal系统中SIP协议栈实现分析及应用

分析了Vocal系统中SIP协议栈的代码实现,并在此基础上实现了一个远程教学系统。

彩超联合三维VOCAL技术在剖宫产瘢痕妊娠诊断中的应用

目的旨在探讨二维成像技术联合三维VOCAL技术对剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)诊断的超声多参数监测的评估价值。方法纳入2019~2020年在笔者医院就诊的CSP患者52例为病例组,选择同期入组的瘢痕子宫宫内妊娠(IUP)孕妇72例为对照组。采用彩超联合三维VOCAL技术检查,比较分析两组患者瘢痕处肌层厚度、瘢痕距宫颈外口长度及三维VOCAL技术获取的各项超声参数指标。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析三维VOCAL技术获取的血管指数(VI)、血流指数(FI)、血管血流指数(VFI)对CSP的诊断价值。结果两组瘢痕距宫颈外口长度、体积比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),病例组瘢痕处肌层厚度薄于对照组,VI、FI、VFI均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血流参数VI、FI和VFI诊断CSP的曲线下面积分别为0.826、0.798、0.856,VI、FI和VFI的截断值分别为≥6.01%、≥36.43、≥2.15。结论三维VOCAL技术是评价CSP血流定量参数的有效工具,VI、FI和VFI的最佳截断值分别为≥6.01%、≥36.43、≥2.15。彩超联合三维VOCAL技术诊断CSP可以为临床提供多参数信息,达到优化治疗,避免不良结局。

三维超声VOCAL技术用于测量胎儿小脑延髓池的临床价值

目的分析超声三维VOCAL技术测量胎儿后颅窝池的可行性,探讨不同孕周胎儿后颅窝池宽度的正常范围参考值。方法选择我院行产前超声检查20～35孕周正常胎儿220例,以年龄20～34岁孕妇作为测量对象,对胎儿进行超声后的随访。结果超声测量的220例正常胎儿中,后颅窝池整体容积在32周之前随着孕妇孕周的增加而扩大,33周之后随着孕周的增加而缩小,后颅窝池容积与孕周具有相关性(r=0.997,P<0.05)。结论 VOCAL技术测量后颅窝池的容积随着孕周的不同而不同,范围为2.0～13.0 mm,32周之前后颅窝池宽度随着孕周的增加而增加,33周之后随孕周的增加而减少,最大<13.0 mm。此结果为该技术测量胎儿后颅窝池宽度变化趋势提供了临床参考,也为评价胎儿神经系统发育提供重要依据。

三维超声VOCAL技术评价胎儿肺发育不良的临床价值研究

目的探讨应用三维超声VOCAL技术评价胎儿肺发育不良的临床价值。方法方便选择在2015年1月—2016年1月该院门诊接受常规检查的320例孕周为16~37周正常单胎妊娠孕妇以及12例超声检查发现胎儿肺发育不良的高危孕妇作为研究对象,对所有研究对象的胎儿进行肺三维超声体积检查,使用VOCAL技术测定胎儿左右肺的体积,分析左右肺和总肺的体积与孕周之间的关系。结果正常妊娠胎儿的左右肺和总肺体积均与孕周呈高度相关的关系（P〈0.001）。超声诊断结果、临床诊断结果以及病理诊断结果均基本符合。结论三维超声VOCAL技术可为16-37周胎儿提供评估肺发育不良的参考指标。