Particulate flow modelling in a spiral separator by using the Eulerian multi-fluid VOF approach

The Euler-Euler model is less effective in capturing the free surface of flow film in the spiral separator,and thus a Eulerian multi-fluid volume of fluid(VOF)model was first proposed to describe the particulate flow in spiral separators.In order to improve the applicability of the model in the high solid concentration system,the Bagnold effect was incorporated into the modelling framework.The capability of the proposed model in terms of predicting the flow film shape in a LD9 spiral separator was evaluated via comparison with measured flow film thicknesses reported in literature.Results showed that sharp air–water and air-pulp interfaces can be obtained using the proposed model,and the shapes of the predicted flow films before and after particle addition were reasonably consistent with the observations reported in literature.Furthermore,the experimental and numerical simulation of the separation of quartz and hematite were performed in a laboratory-scale spiral separator.When the Bagnold lift force model was considered,predictions of the grade of iron and solid concentration by mass for different trough lengths were more consistent with experimental data.In the initial development stage,the quartz particles at the bottom of the flow layer were more possible to be lifted due to the Bagnold force.Thus,a better predicted vertical stratification between quartz and hematite particles was obtained,which provided favorable conditions for subsequent radial segregation.

A proposed NMR solution for multi-phase flow fluid detection

In the petroleum industry,detection of multi-phase fluid flow is very important in both surface and down-hole measurements.Accurate measurement of high rate of water or gas multi-phase flow has always been an academic and industrial focus.NMR is an efficient and accurate technique for the detection of fluids;it is widely used in the determination of fluid compositions and properties.This paper is aimed to quantitatively detect multi-phase flow in oil and gas wells and pipelines and to propose an innovative method for online nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)detection.The online NMR data acquisition,processing and interpretation methods are proposed to fill the blank of traditional methods.A full-bore straight tube design without pressure drop,a Halbach magnet structure design with zero magnetic leakage outside the probe,a separate antenna structure design without flowing effects on NMR measurement and automatic control technology will achieve unattended operation.Through the innovation of this work,the application of NMR for the real-time and quantitative detection of multi-phase flow in oil and gas wells and pipelines can be implemented.

基于VOF方法的超临界二氧化碳——水两相流动孔隙尺度数值模拟

二氧化碳(CO_(2))捕集与封存技术有利于减少CO_(2)的排放量,近年来针对CO_(2)地质封存形成了从纳米尺度到油气藏尺度的大量研究成果,大多数研究只针对单一维度多孔介质中流动行为开展研究,且物理实验方法受许多不确定性因素影响,十分耗费时间和成本。为了从微观角度深入理解CO_(2)地质封存过程中的渗流行为,提高CO_(2)地质埋存量,基于追踪两相界面动态变化的VOF(Volume of Fluid)方法,分别建立了2D和3D模型,开展了超临界CO_(2)-水两相流动数值模拟研究,对比了不同润湿性、毛细管数、黏度比条件下的CO_(2)团簇分布特征、CO_(2)饱和度变化规律,揭示了孔隙尺度CO_(2)埋存的内在机理。研究结果表明:①随着岩石对CO_(2)润湿性增加,CO_(2)波及范围扩大,同时CO_(2)团簇的卡断频率减少,CO_(2)埋存量增加;②随着毛细管数的增加,驱替模式由毛细指进转变为稳定驱替,CO_(2)埋存量增加;③随着注入超临界CO_(2)黏度逐渐接近水的黏度,两相流体之间的流动阻力降低,促进了“润滑效应”,CO_(2)相的渗流能力提高,CO_(2)埋存量增加;④润湿性、毛细管数、黏度比在不同维度多孔介质模型中对CO_(2)饱和度的影响程度不同。结论认为,基于VOF方法的CO_(2)-水两相渗流模拟研究在孔隙尺度上揭示了CO_(2)地质封存过程中的渗流机理,对CCUS技术的发展有指导意义,也为更大尺度的CO_(2)地质封存研究提供了理论指导和技术支撑。

Numerical simulation of complex multi-phase fluid of casting process and its applications

The fluid of casting process is a typical kind of multi-phase flow. Actually, many casting phenomena have close relationship with the multi-phase flow, such as molten metal filling process, air entrapment, slag movement, venting process of die casting, gas escaping of lost foam casting and so on. Obviously, in order to analyze these phenomena accurately, numerical simulation of the multi-phase fluid is necessary. Unfortunately, so far, most of the commercial casting simulation systems do not have the ability of multi-phase flow modeling due to the difficulty in the multi-phase flow calculation. In the paper, Finite Different Method (FDM) technique was adopt to solve the multi-phase fluid model. And a simple object of the muiti-phase fluid was analyzed to obtain the fluid rates of the liquid phase and the entrapped air phase.

Multi-phase computer modeling and laboratory study of dust capture by an inertial Vortecone scrubber

Dust generated in mining and tunneling activities is hazardous to health of persons and safety of operations. These projects employ pick-milling machines to extract minerals and rock by mechanical breakage.The machines are equipped with flooded-bed scrubbers that encase dust particles within fine water films as particles encounter a flooded wire-mesh screen. A major disadvantage is that the screen gets clogged when particles become trapped within the wire mesh, reducing airflow through the scrubber and increasing ambient dust concentrations. Thus, the system requires frequent maintenance or replacement. The application of a Vortecone scrubber as an improved alternative to conventional fibrous type scrubbers is investigated. A Vortecone forces dust-laden air and water to follow a complex, rapidly swirling motion.The momentum drives dust particles towards the periphery where they are captured by the water film.The operating characteristics of a reduced-scale physical model of a Vortecone, with its primary axis mounted in the horizontal orientation, was analyzed numerically and experimentally. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) models depicting the spraying action and multi-phase air/water flows using the volume of fraction(VOF) approach, are presented. Experimental results, utilizing an optical particle counting technique to establish the dust-cleaning capabilities of the model, are also described.

Numerical Simulation of the Stokes Wave for the Flow around a Ship Hull Coupled with the VOF Model

The surface wave generated by flow around a ship hull moving near free surface of water is simulated numerically in this study. The three-dimensional implicit finite volume method （FVM） is applied to solve Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） equation. The realizable k-e turbulence model has been implemented to capture turbulent flow around the ship hull in the free surface zone. The volume of fluid （VOF） method coupled with the Stokes wave theory has been used to determine the free surface effect of water. By using is a six degrees of freedom model, the ship hull＇s movement is numerically solved with the Stokes wave together. Under the action of Stokes waves on the sea, the interface between the air and water waves at the same regular pattem and so does the pressure and the vertical velocity. The ship hull moves in the same way as the wave. The amplitude of the ship hull＇s heave is less than the wave height because of the viscosity damping. This method could provide an important reference for the study of ships＇ movement, wave and hydrodynamics.

Application of CLEAR-VOF method to wave and flow simulations

A two-dimensional numerical model based on the Navier-Stokes equations and computational Lagrangian-Eulerian advection remap-volume of fluid （CLEAR-VOF） method was developed to simulate wave and flow problems. The Navier-Stokes equations were discretized with a three-step finite element method that has a third-order accuracy. In the CLEAR-VOF method, the VOF function F was calculated in the Lagrangian manner and allowed the complicated free surface to be accurately captured. The propagation of regular waves and solitary waves over a flat bottom, and shoaling and breaking of solitary waves on two different slopes were simulated with this model, and the numerical results agreed with experimental data and theoretical solutions. A benchmark test of dam-collapse flow was also simulated with an unstructured mesh, and the capability of the present model for wave and flow simulations with unstructured meshes, was verified. The results show that the model is effective for numerical simulation of wave and flow problems with both structured and unstructured meshes.

基于VOF-DEM方法的纤维悬浮液沉积特性研究

基于VOF-DEM方法,建立了纤维悬浮液气—液—固三相流动耦合模型,并采用小规模玻璃纤维浆液流动实验对模型进行了实验验证。在此基础上,采用该模型模拟研究了纤维毡材的成形过程,分析了沉降后纤维分布特性。研究结果表明:VOF-DEM方法能够较为准确地追踪纤维悬浮液的三相流动过程;初始空间分布均匀的纤维,由于脱水出口位于设备中部,经沉降后纤维厚度分布从中心向边缘呈逐渐下降的变化趋势,两者的最大差异达1倍以上。

PEMFC船形堵块阴极流场的性能

建立流体体积(VOF)两相流模型,研究船形堵块流道的排水性能。建立不同开孔率的船形堵块流道三维模型,研究船形堵块及开孔率对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)性能的影响。船形堵块流道峰值净功率密度相较于传统直流道可提升9.4%,相较于同堵塞率下的梯形堵块流道可提高2.9%,具有较好的强化传质作用。通过提高船形堵块流道的开孔率,PEMFC可以获得更好的性能。在相同开孔率下,船形堵块流道的氧气摩尔浓度较直流道和梯形堵块流道分别提高28.6%和14.0%。结果表明,相较于传统直流道,船形堵块流道可降低排水周期和流道内平均水含量,具有更好的排水性能。

考虑下游河道明渠流扰动的尾水隧洞水力波动特性研究

除过渡过程引起的明满流现象外,尾水河道波动同样对长尾水系统的稳定性具有重要影响。基于VOF明渠流模型,研究了下游河道尾水波动对尾水隧洞水力震荡和机组性能的影响。结果表明,调压井后端的尾水隧洞中的压力脉动主要由调压井和下游波浪共同作用引起,呈现出一定的周期性波动;调压井对来自下游的低频脉动具有消波作用,可消除95%以上由波浪引起的低频压力脉动;在下游水位突变的情况下,压力脉动经历了由喷气主导的大波动向下游造波主导的平稳波动的过渡;由下游波浪引起的脉动无法有效传递至转轮区域,受调压室的影响较大;然而喷气引起的某些脉动频率如0.8203 Hz能够有效传递到转轮出口,并保留67.2%的脉动幅值,进而影响转轮性能。

喷油润滑球轴承流动特性的数值研究

基于流体体积(VOF)方法建立了喷油润滑球轴承的数值仿真模型.分别采用滑移网格法和多重参考系(MRF)方法对轴承油气两相流动进行了数值计算,得到了轴承内部流场分布和搅油力矩.搭建了轴承流场可视化试验台,对比分析了仿真流场与高速摄影实测流场.结果表明:滑移网格下的轴承内部油液体积分数大于用MRF方法的计算结果,且当转速逐渐增大时,轴承内部油液体积分数均逐渐减小,且在离心力作用下,润滑油更多地分布在轴承外圈滚道.滑移网格下的轴承内部流场油液分布更接近实测流场.仿真计算的搅油力矩随转速增大而增大,MRF方法下搅油力矩大于滑移网格下的搅油力矩,平均误差约为12.3%.两种方法对搅油力矩的计算均具有较好的一致性,但MRF时间成本更低.

燃料电池气体扩散层表面液相涌出行为

燃料电池流道内的两相分布特性对于提升燃料电池水管理能力至关重要,探究多液滴在流道表面流动行为利于优化结构及运行条件。使用流体体积(Volume of Fluid)法对液态水从气体扩散层(Gas diffusion layer)涌出到流道内的动态过程进行模拟,研究流道内气体流速、GDL表面接触角和水孔间距对水涌出过程和流动行为影响。结果表明,液滴在GDL表面经历了生长、分离、传输和碰撞凝并等过程。气体流速明显影响压降和液滴分离周期,随着气体流速增加,压降增加,液滴分离周期从14.7 ms降至4.7 ms,水去除能力显著增强,高气体流速造成液滴形态和流动情况不稳定。GDL表面润湿性改变了表面张力,影响液滴形态和流动,显著影响水覆盖率,随着接触角增大,GDL表面平均水覆盖率从20.03%降至9.01%;水孔间距对液滴碰撞周期影响大,小水孔间距时液滴在生长中发生凝并,大液滴飞溅造成流道内气流速度下降,压降和GDL表面水覆盖率产生大波动;大水孔间距时,流道内速度场受影响明显,前一液滴获得大速度后发生碰撞更易造成液滴飞溅,导致最大水孔间距时水覆盖率下降,从16.84%(D=0.8 cm)骤降至14.69(D=1.2 cm)。研究结果为流道表面接触角,GDL孔隙分布、进气条件等参数优化提供理论指导和技术借鉴,改善质子交换膜燃料电池水传输能力提高工作效率。

轴心射流收油环内部油气流动特性的数值模拟研究

为研究环下润滑结构内部油膜迁移及流动特性,针对轴心射流收油环采用VOF (Volume of fluid)方法开展了数值计算,获得了收油环端面油膜动态形成过程,在分析流场特征的基础上,讨论了收油环运转工况及结构参数对内部油膜形态、滑油体积分数、油膜速度和供油孔输油能力的影响规律。结果表明:收油环端面油膜呈圆盘状迁移,边缘破碎形成油滴、油带甩至侧壁面,在供油孔内以“月牙形”分布加速流动,收油环端面油膜厚度随主轴转速增大而减小,随喷嘴流量上升而增加;提高转速降低了供油孔内滑油含量,使孔内油膜加速流动,孔内滑油含量随喷嘴流量的上升而增大,随供油孔径的增加而下降;喷嘴流量与供油孔径的改变对孔内流速影响较小;增加孔径与提高收油环转速可加强供油孔输运能力,8 kr/min下提高喷嘴流量使无量纲输油量Cq平均降低了40.71%,提高孔径使Cq最大提高了57.14%,转速的增加使Cq平均增加25.87%。

VOF方法理论与应用综述

分析两相流中采用VOF方法模拟交界面运动变化的基本原理,概述近年来为提高VOF方法计算精度和自由面重构效果所做出的各种改进和在各个领域所取得的研究成果及应用前景.指出VOF方法如在基础理论上进行改进,则在多维流场的数值模拟上将会有更广阔的应用空间.

基于VOF模型与动网格技术的两相流耦合模拟

以两相流模型为研究对象,采用计算流体动力学软件FLUENT的VOF(volume of fluid)模型与动网格技术的耦合方法,模拟分析了气体和液体两相的流动过程。得出了模型中气、液两相的体积份数与压力分布,为设计制造提供了有意义的参考数据。

水流冲击管道内滞留气团现象的VOF模型仿真分析

针对复杂管道系统内水流冲击滞留气团现象,采用VOF模型(Volume of Fluid Model)进行了数值模拟计算,并与一维模型进行了比较计算分析,结果表明:系统的最大压力并不总是气团的最大压力,有可能还会叠加水体对管壁的撞击而形成的突然升高压力。与实验实测结果的比较分析表明:采用VOF模型,能够较精细地仿真水流冲击滞留气团现象的气团形态、流场结构以及压力分布等的变化过程,其压力数值计算结果与实验实测基本吻合,其计算误差明显小于现有一维模型的计算误差,是深入研究该复杂瞬变流现象的有效方法。

求解不可压缩两相流的复合Level Set-VOF方法

目前,不可压缩两相流问题的数值求解方法主要有VOF方法和Level Set方法等.根据CLSVOF方法基本思想,通过将VOF和Level Set两种方法结合,实现了复合Level Set-VOF方法追踪不可压缩两相流相界面的模拟计算;对比分析了VOF、Level Set和复合Level Set-VOF方法计算经典两相流问题的结果.研究结果表明,复合Level Set-VOF方法继承了VOF方法精确构造相界面和Level Set方法精确计算表面张力的优点,能够有效削弱两相流求解过程中出现的虚假流动问题,因此可以更加精确地求解不可压缩两相流问题.

VOF模型在有支流汇入的河道复杂流场中的应用

采用VOF模型对大渡河与楠桠河交汇处的护堤工程区及其影响范围进行了三维数值模拟计算分析.结果表明:楠桠河与大渡河交汇口处的流态主要受大渡河流态的影响.护堤工程扩建后,断面平均流速在局部的增大,会增加对河岸的冲刷,因此在护堤建设过程中,应加强固岸措施.工程现场的原位试验观察与模拟计算结果吻合较好,加之工程多年来的安全运行,均说明VOF模型是一种处理复杂自由表面的有效方法,可在天然河道,特别是在有支流汇入的复杂河道流场研究中推广应用.

过冷流动沸腾相变过程汽泡特性的VOF方法模拟

基于计算流体动力学(CFD)软件对不同压力和热流密度下矩形流道内过冷流动沸腾进行模拟。相变模型通过用户自定义函数(UDF)描述质量和能量传递实现,汽-液界面捕捉通过流体体积法(VOF)获得。研究结果表明,蒸发和冷凝的交互作用会在垂直于流动方向的截面内形成二次流以增强壁面附近的微对流。汽泡在滑移过程中逐渐长大,并与邻近汽泡聚合形成更大的汽泡,且变形逐渐加大。汽泡滑移会增强下游区域的换热,从而抑制下游核化点的产生。随着压力升高和热流密度降低,汽泡尺寸、生长速度以及出口处平均空泡份额都会减小。汽泡生长曲线和沸腾起始点(ONB)附近加热壁面温度模拟结果与文献中关联式吻合良好。

用VOF方法模拟横流下窄缝紊动射流

采用标准双方程kε紊流模型和VOF方法建立二维数值模型,模拟有横流情况下底部排污问题.将回流区的分析结果与试验进行了对比,吻合较好.分别将速度和浓度轨迹线拟合成简单的表达式并与试验拟合作了比较.通过对速度和浓度场的分析得到一些有益的结论.