Productive test of a newly drying technology of veneer： intermittent-contact drying of veneer with flexible screen belt

A newly drying technology, intermittent-contact drying of veneer with flexible screen belt (ICD-fbs), was invented and used in poplar veneer drying. Productive test was carried out for validating the practical use of this drying method. The test result shows that to dispose flexible screen belts on the two sides of hot board could help steam discharge remarkably. The veneer dried using ICD-fsb method had smooth and level surface, less deformation and warping, even moisture content, and high utilization rate. The time for opening hot board to discharge steam,which, early or late, is a key to obtain good drying result, was determined at the time when the core's temperature of veneer reaches 100℃ (vaporization). Using ICD-fsb method, the shrinking rates in tangent of veneer were from 1.90% to 2.26% for veneer of 0.4 mm in thickness,2.49% to 4.50% for veneer of 1 mm in thickness and 1.34% to 3.30% for veneer of 1.7 mm in thickness, which are much lower than the results obtained by other drying methods. The method of ICD-fsb offers a reliable technological guarantee for solving the deformation problem of veneer drying, especially the deformation of wood from quick-growing plantation.

Drying Technology of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide Derived from Bovine Casein

Drying technology of angiotensin converting enzyme （ACE） inhibitory peptides derived from bovine casein was investigated. No significance was observed on ACE inhibitory activity of products prepared by spay drying and freeze drying （P〉0.05）. Spay drying was the best drying process for practical industry production. The inlet temperature ranged from 140℃ to 160℃ and the exit temperature ranged from 70 ℃ to 90 ℃ during the spay drying process. Under the optimal conditions, scale-up of angiotensin converted enzyme inhibitory peptide from 1 L to 10 L and the experiment was successively conducted. Peptide yield was 29% and half inhibitory concentration （IC50） was 0.53 g. L^-1.

The Study on Wheat Concurrent-flow Drying Technology

The relation between technology parameters and performance index of the wheat three-stage concurrent-flow drying technology is studied by use of quadratic orthogonial rotate combinative experiment design method.The optimum parameters of drying technology are obtained by nonlinear optimize corresponding regression model and test.All experiment was finished in concurrent-flow grain drying experiment table.The results of this study will be significant for designing energy-saving grain drying machine.

Fine Characterization and Analysis of Drying Strain of the ELM Board via DIC Technology

In this paper,the occurrence and development mechanism of strain on the cross-section during the wood drying is explored.Therefore,strain regularity on the cross-section of 50 mm thickness elm(Ulmus rubra)board at the temperature of 40℃and 80℃is detected via digital image correlation technology.Hence,the difference between tangential and radial strain at surface and core layers was denoted.The results showed that strain distribution in the width direction of the board is uneven.Moreover,a large drying shrinkage strain occurs at the near-core layer,while the maximum strain difference reaches 4.08%.Hence,the surface of the board is cracked along the thickness direction.The radial strain of the board is higher than the tangential strain in the early stage of drying,while these strains are reversed in the later stage of drying.The temperature is related to the difference between the tangential and radial strains of the elm board.These differences at the core layer are larger than those of the surface layer.The conducted research results provide a theoretical basis for process optimization.

Impact of Dry Warming on Economic and Characteristic Crop and Coping Technology in Northwest of China

Based on the state of characteristics of dry warming of modern climate changing,the response of growth,output and quality of main economic crops such as cotton,flax and winter rape and characteristic crop such as vinifera and apple were discussed.The coping technology for climate changing and measurements for serving the agricultural were provided.

Dry electrode technology for scalable and flexible high-energy sulfur cathodes in all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries

All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries(ASSLSBs)employing sulfide solid electrolytes are one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their potential for higher energy density and safety.However,scalable fabrication of sheet-type sulfur cathodes with high sulfur loading and excellent performances remains challenging.In this work,sheet-type freestanding sulfur cathodes with high sulfur loading were fabricated by dry electrode technology.The unique fibrous morphologies of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)binders in dry electrodes not only provides excellent mechanical properties but also uncompromised ionic/electronic conductance.Even employed with thickened dry cathodes with high sulfur loading of 2 mg cm^(-2),ASSLSBs still exhibit outstanding rate performance and cycle stability.Moreover,the all-solid-state lithium-sulfur monolayer pouch cells(9.2 m Ah)were also demonstrated and exhibited excellent safety under a harsh test situation.This work verifies the potential of dry electrode technology in the scalable fabrication of thickened sulfur cathodes and will promote the practical applications of ASSLSBs.

Flexibility of MIP Technology

The flexibility of MIP technology to meet market demand is mainly introduced in this study. Their commercial application and technical principle are analyzed too. The MIP technology with wide feed adaptability can form a good combination with other technologies. The MIP technology has been applied extensively in China. Based on this platform, the CGP, MIP-LTG and MIP-DCR technologies have been developed, which can further improve the flexibility of MIP technology. Based on its novel reaction control technique with a sole sequential two-zone riser, the MIP users can easily switch to different operating modes between producing either more clean gasoline and propylene or diesel through changing the catalysts and varying the operating conditions. That offers MIP users with enough production flexibility and a rational production arrangement to meet the market demand. The MIP-DCR technology with less dry gas and coke yields can provide a more flexible operating mode since the catalysts to oil ratio has become an independent variable.

The Application of Cold Banding Technology for Dust Removed From BOF Gas Using Dry Dedusting Technology

Firstly, physical and chemical properties of dust removed from BOF gas are analyzed, and then the cold banding technology of dust removed from BOF gas and its application are introduced. Tests have proved that using cooled agglomerated pellets made of the dust removed from BOF gas and small amounts of modified starch as a coolant and slagging agent in steel production can bring about considerable economic, social and environmental benefits.

The technology of raising rice seedlings in dry nursery in China

A new technology of raising rice seedlings in dry nursery began to be adopted in early 1980’s inChina. It expanded in Northeast of the Country and spreaded from North to South in the followingyears. In 1995, it was listed as one of the national popularization project during the ’Ninth Five-Year-Plan’ by the Country Government. The total area was up to 9.3 million hm~2 in 1996 (cover-ing 80% paddy field in the northern parts of China). The expected popularized area will be up to15.3 million hm~2 in 2000 according to the Ministry of Agriculture, half of the total rice-growingarea in China.

方竹笋笋干无硫护色关键技术研究

为降低方竹笋笋干加工过程中褐变程度,提升其外观品质,以新鲜方竹笋为原料,对其蒸煮工艺进行优化,分析抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、植酸及浸泡时间对方竹笋外观品质的影响。单因素试验及正交试验结果表明,将方竹笋清洗后先用蒸汽蒸60 min,再用流水冷却至室温,辅以抗坏血酸添加量0.05%,柠檬酸添加量0.50%,植酸添加量0.15%制成的护色剂,于室温下浸泡60 min所制备方竹笋笋干外观品质最佳,其中柠檬酸添加量对护色效果影响最大,植酸影响最小。该研究结果可为方竹笋笋干的外观品质提升提供理论基础。

即食金鲳鱼干生产工艺研究

以金鲳鱼为主要原料制备即食金鲳鱼干,以感官评分为指标,在单因素试验和预试验的基础上通过正交试验优化调味配方和调味生产工艺,并对产品的理化指标、微生物及主要风味成分进行测定。结果表明:以金鲳鱼肉质量为基准,最佳调味配方为食盐添加量8%、麻辣粉添加量11%、味精添加量2.5%、白糖添加量5%、白酒与鱼肉液料比25:1(mL/kg);最佳调味生产工艺为鱼肉与调味液料液比1:3(g/mL)、腌制温度25℃、腌制时间2h;在此条件下生产的即食金鲳鱼干的理化指标和微生物指标均符合相关标准,主要挥发性成分为硫化物、醇类和芳香化合物。

不同干制工艺对牡蛎干特征气味的影响

为探究不同干制工艺对牡蛎干特征气味的影响及其形成机制,该研究以焯水牡蛎为对照(CK),研究了真空冷冻干制(vacuum freeze drying,VFD)、热风干制(hot air drying,HAD)、真空干制(vacuum drying,VD)、自然晒干(solar drying,SD)4种干制工艺对牡蛎干脂肪酸组成和挥发性物质的影响。结果表明,牡蛎经干制加工后脂肪酸含量显著减少(P<0.05),VFD、VD、SD、HAD组总脂肪酸含量分别减少19.45%、49.27%、27.69%、46.63%,其中饱和脂肪酸减少21.39%~45.17%,不饱和脂肪酸减少20.66%~52.21%。电子鼻结果显示5组样品的香气特征明显不同,高温干制(HAD、VD)显著增加了氮氧化合物的浓度。采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS)从5组样品中共鉴别出71种挥发性化合物,主成分分析和指纹图谱表明,5组样品的挥发性物质存在显著差异,通过偏最小二乘回归模型(partial least squares regression model,PLS-DA)和变量投影重要度(variable importance for the projection,VIP)筛选了31种差异性挥发性化合物,包括庚醛、丁醛、2-甲基-2-戊烯醛、2-庚酮、1-戊烯-3-酮、2-丁酮、1-辛烯-3-醇等,Pearson相关性分析表明,游离脂肪酸中的C15:0、C16:1、C16:0、C18:3、C18:4、C20:0、C20:1、C20:2与牡蛎干中的多种特征挥发性化合物的形成密切相关。

狐臭柴干叶制作神仙豆腐工艺研究

以狐臭柴鲜叶干燥处理后得到的粉末为原料,采用单因素实验研究不同干燥温度、热烫温度、料液比、pH值、促凝剂种类及用量、搅拌时间、滤筛目数对神仙豆腐产量及品质的影响。在此基础上,采用正交实验对狐臭柴干叶制作神仙豆腐工艺条件进行优化。实验结果表明,在狐臭柴鲜叶干燥温度40℃、热烫温度90~95℃、料液比1/20~1/40 g·mL~(-1)、pH值4~7、饱和澄清石灰水用量1/40~1/60 (v/v)、搅拌时间0.5~2.0 min、滤筛目数200~400目条件下,能够制得外观规则的神仙豆腐;在料液比1:30 g·mL~(-1)、饱和澄清石灰水用量1/50 (v/v)、搅拌时间为60 s、pH值5.00条件组合下,制作的干叶神仙豆腐外观规则、透明度良好、色泽淡绿,神仙豆腐出品率为1709.14%、渗水比为35.12mL·100 g-1。本研究可为神仙豆腐产业化开发利用提供技术支撑。

滇藏杜英果脯制作的工艺优化

运用单因素试验对所选因素进行水平确定,结果表明,选取白砂糖添加量40%,50%,60%;柠檬酸添加量0.1%,0.2%,0.3%;糖渍时间16,20,24 h;烘干时间6,7,8 h做五因素三水平的正交试验来确定制作滇藏杜英果脯的最佳配方。正交试验结果表明,滇藏杜英果脯制作的最佳工艺条件为白砂糖添加量50%,柠檬酸添加量0.2%,糖渍时间24 h,烘干时间6 h。

现代水果干制工艺技术研究进展

干制水果营养丰富、色味俱佳,深受大众喜爱。随着水果产量的逐年增加,如何对大量应季水果在保鲜期内进行干制加工,在保证果干品质的前提下进一步降低能耗、节约成本,是水果干燥行业的一大难题。从不同干制加工工艺技术出发,探讨了传统的单一干燥方式、联合干燥方式、辅助干制技术工艺的优缺点及对果干品质、营养成分、生物学活性的影响,较为全面地对当今水果干制技术的研究进展进行了总结概述,为促进水果干制加工产业的发展提供参考借鉴。

杏干多酚的提取工艺及体外抗氧化活性研究

新疆地区杏资源丰富,杏含有多酚类物质等多种生物活性成分,研究杏干多酚的提取工艺可为进一步利用杏资源开发健康产品奠定基础。以新疆赛买提杏干为原料,采用水浴浸提法提取杏干多酚,并采用响应面试验优化杏干多酚提取工艺,同时考察杏干多酚体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,杏干多酚提取最佳工艺为:乙醇溶液体积分数70%,液料比21∶1(mL/g),浸提时间2.6 h,浸提温度51℃,在此条件下杏干多酚提取量为(4.1189±0.0201)mg/g;各因素对杏干多酚提取量的影响大小顺序为:液料比>乙醇体积分数>浸提温度>浸提时间;抗氧化试验结果表明,杏干多酚对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力较强,对2,2-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)阳离子自由基和超氧阴离子表现出一定的清除能力。最佳提取工艺制备的杏干多酚具有一定的体外抗氧化活性。

高蛋白银鱼肉松的加工工艺研究

以银鱼肉为主要原料,开发出一款适合儿童食用的高蛋白银鱼肉松制品。通过单因素试验和正交试验研究了银鱼的最佳脱腥工艺参数,以感官评分为考察指标确定其最优配方。结果表明,银鱼脱腥的最佳条件为:酵母抽提物质量浓度1.0 g/L,料液比1∶3(g/mL),处理时间50 min,处理温度40℃。银鱼肉松最优配方为:食盐添加量2%,味精添加量0.3%,木糖醇添加量2%,采用该配方制得的银鱼肉松感官评分为92.6分,银鱼肉松硬度适中,胶着性、咀嚼性较好,钙含量0.746 g/100 g,脂肪含量7.83 g/100 g,蛋白质含量65.25 g/100 g,符合肉松制品国家推荐标准。用该工艺制备的银鱼肉松是一种符合市场需求的儿童类辅食,可为银鱼的深加工提供参考。

不同入药部位干药材石蜡制片方法的改良研究

石蜡制片作为干药材显微鉴定的关键技术之一,在组织学中应用广泛.根据不同组织构造特点,选取有代表性的皮类、茎类、种子类、根类干药材为主要实验材料,主要从软化、脱水和透明等环节对传统制片方法进行改进,探索各药材专属性石蜡制片方法.结果表明,软化是制作石蜡切片的关键步骤,对不同种类干药材应区别处理.纤维、石细胞富集的皮类生药如厚朴,采用5%氢氟酸水浴浸透软化12 h;木质部纤维化严重的茎类生药如桂枝,采用甘油与氢氧化钠混合溶液软化14 h;内外硬度差异较大的种子类生药如芥子,5%甘油软化6 h;纤维性强和试剂不易渗透的根类生药如黄芪,5%盐酸软化6 h,能提高各干药材横切面的清晰度和完整度,获得组织完整、细胞结构清晰的高质量切片.经改良的石蜡切片技术专属性高,重复性好,避免了常规制片易出现的浸蜡不彻底、组织变硬变脆等问题.研究结果可为制作不同部位石蜡切片提供方法学参考.

淡干海参泡发工艺研究

为探究淡干海参泡发工艺,以烟台淡干海参为原料,通过正交试验得到最优工艺条件为:121℃、0.12 MPa高温高压处理20 min,全程使用蒸馏水,泡发温度4℃,泡发时间48 h,采用该工艺泡发的海参质量和长度分别为泡发前干海参的14.5倍和2.7倍,复水比为9.2,其硬度、弹性、适口性、持水力及营养价值均高于市面上常压煮制常温泡发的海参。该研究结果为科学、方便地食用和推广淡干海参提供了理论依据。

新疆杏制干品种的筛选及制干工艺的初步研究

【目的】筛选适宜的杏制干品种并对其制干工艺进行研究。【方法】对大胡安娜、佳娜丽、库买提、赛买提等46个杏品种的鲜杏自然晾晒制干,通过对46个品种的杏干果肉的总糖、总酸、制干比等指标测定及感官评价,筛选出适宜的杏制干品种。以库买提为原料,通过采用促干剂、蒸汽漂烫、NaHSO3溶液浸泡、漂烫结合NaHSO3溶液浸泡等处理方法,经过自然晾晒得到杏干,并对杏干的总糖、总酸、制干比、水分、残留SO2量进行测定以确定最佳制干工艺。【结果】适宜的制干品种为大胡安娜、黑叶杏、库买提、佳娜丽等。最佳制干工艺条件为整果经90℃热水漂烫3 min,再浸泡于浓度为3.75 g/L的NaHSO3溶液中1 h后晾晒。【结论】采用该工艺提高了制干速率,制干时间缩短2 d,且杏干感官品质好。