AIM: To study influence of Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia(VOL) on expression of C Fos,C Jun after focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS: Inducing rat model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)using Ko...AIM: To study influence of Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia(VOL) on expression of C Fos,C Jun after focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS: Inducing rat model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)using Koizumi’s intraluminal suture occlusion method.48 male rats were divided into 5 groups randomly, pseudo operation group, MCAO group, saline control group,VOL group.2 hours after MCAO, we took gastric gavage with VOL and saline, 8 hour per time, and took out of brain to test C Fos,C Jun expression immunohistochemically at the 5th day after operation.RESULTS: There was no positive cell in each hippocampus zone of normal group;we observed C Fos, C Jun positive cells in each Hippocampus zone after MCAO;Density of C Fos,C Jun positive cells of VOL group were apparently lower than that of simple ischemia group. CONCLUSION: VOL can relieve histopathological lesions after cerebral ischemia and promote protection function of rat through inhibiting the expression of C Fos,C Jun expression.展开更多
Background:Inflammation and damage to neurons and other cells in the nervous system can cause disorders of the central nervous system.Microglial cells are activated by pathogen infection and injury to release nitric o...Background:Inflammation and damage to neurons and other cells in the nervous system can cause disorders of the central nervous system.Microglial cells are activated by pathogen infection and injury to release nitric oxide.Valerian(Valeriana officinalis)has been used as a sedative for the treatment of neurological diseases.This study evaluated inflammation of microglial cells and tumor necrosis factorαand induced nitric oxide synthetase gene expression influenced by valerian extract.Methods:Microglial cells were isolated from mice.Lipopolysaccharide(1 ng/mL)was used to induce inflammation and nitric oxide production in cells for an hour.The inflamed cells were then treated with different concentrations(0.1,0.5,2.5,20,and 50μL/mL)of valerian alcoholic extract for 1 and 24 h.nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factorαand induced nitric oxide synthetase gene expression were determine by Griess assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Results:The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed no toxicity in several concentrations of the valerian extract.In addition,concentrations from 0.1 to 2.5μL/mL significantly reduced inflammation and nitric oxide production in mouse microglial cells to levels observed in control samples.Furthermore,tumor necrosis factorαand induced nitric oxide synthetase gene expression decreased when 2.5μL/mL extract was used.Conclusion:Based on these results,it can be concluded that 2.5μL/mL valerian alcoholic extract is effective as a candidate alternative medicine for reducing inflammation and nitric oxide production and consequently,the inflammatory symptoms of neurodegeneration.展开更多
Greenhouse cultivation in northern China has the characteristic of single mode, and the intercropping mode is not common. Greenhouse intercropping of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis Linn) and coriander (Cori...Greenhouse cultivation in northern China has the characteristic of single mode, and the intercropping mode is not common. Greenhouse intercropping of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis Linn) and coriander (Coriandrum sativurn L.) not only could increase vegetable kinds, but also could improve cropping index, and the asparagus growers' income could also be improved. This paper introduced the intercropping technique of green asparagus and coriander, so as to provide technical support for large-area extension of greenhouse green asparagus cultivation and break the situation of single mode for .qreenhouse cultivation.展开更多
Objective:To determine the antimicrobial activity of rosemary(Rosmarinus of ficinalis L.) and to investigate the synergistic effects of this extract combined with ceforuxime against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus...Objective:To determine the antimicrobial activity of rosemary(Rosmarinus of ficinalis L.) and to investigate the synergistic effects of this extract combined with ceforuxime against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of rosemary ethanol extract,alone and in combination with cefuroxime,were studied.Results:The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of the ethanol extract of rosemary were in the range of 0.39-3.13 mg/mL.The minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs) were usually equal to or double that MICs.The antimicrobial activity of combinations of the ethanol extract of rosemary and cefuroxime indicated their synergistic effects against all MRSAs.Conclusions:The present work clearly demonstrates that rosemary has a key role in the elevation of susceptibility toβ-lactams.展开更多
The response of the antioxidant defense system of an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L.to different dosages of UV-B irradiation was investigated.Results showed that superoxide dimutase (SOD) and peroxida...The response of the antioxidant defense system of an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L.to different dosages of UV-B irradiation was investigated.Results showed that superoxide dimutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) increased and then maintained at a relatively stable level when subjected to UV-B irradiation.Catalase (CAT) activity under medium dosage of UV-B irradiation (Muv) and high dosage of UV-B irradiation (Huv) treatments were significantly decreased.Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity first remained unaltered and then increased in Huv treatment.In addition,the assay on isozymes was carried out using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).The activities of some SOD isoforms were altered by UV-B.Two new bands (POX V and POX VII) appeared upon exposure to all three UV-B dosages.CAT III activity was increased by low dosage of UV-B irradiation (Luv),whereas CAT III and CAT IV disappeared when the alga was exposed to Muv and Huv.Two bands of APX (APX VI and APX VII) were increased and a new band (APX X) was observed under Huv exposure.H 2 O 2 and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS) increased under Muv and Huv treatments.Overall,UV-B protection mechanisms are partly inducible and to a certain extent sufficient to prevent the accumulation of damage in C.officinalis.展开更多
Objective:To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L.(S.officinalis)essential oil against Candida albicans(C.albicans)and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of C.albicans to polymethyl methac...Objective:To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L.(S.officinalis)essential oil against Candida albicans(C.albicans)and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of C.albicans to polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)resin surface.Methods:Disc diffusion method was first used to test the anticandidal activities of the S.officinalis L.essential oil against the reference strain(ATCC 90028)and 2 clinical strains of C.albicans.Then the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal lethal concentration(MLX)were determined by modified membrane method.The adhesion of C.albicans to PMMA resin surface was assessed after immersion with S.officinalis L.essential oil at various concentrations of 1XMIC.0.5XMIC and 0.25XMIC at room temperature for30 min.One-way ANOVA was used to compare the Candida cell adhesion with the pretreatment agents and Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons.Results:5.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activity against all strains of C.albicans with inhibition zone ranging from 40.5 mm to 19.5 mm.The MIC and MLC of the oil were determined as 2.780 g/L against all test strains.According to the effects on C.albicans adhesion to PMMA resin surface,it was found that immersion in the essential oil at concentrations of 1XMIC(2.780 g/L).0.5XMIC(1.390 g/L)and0.25XMIC(0.695 g/L)for 30 min significantly reduced the adhesion of all 3 test strains to PMMA resin surface in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05).Conclusions:S.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activities against C.albicans and had inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the cells to PMMA resin surface.With further testing and development,S.officinalis essential oil may be used as an antifungal denture cleanser to prevent candidal adhesion and thus reduce the risk of candida-associated denture stomatitis.展开更多
Objective:To examine the action of the effective component,4'-methylether-scutellarein,from Verbena officinalis L.(VOL)on the proliferation and apoptosis of human choriocarcinomaJAR cells.Methods:Cell proliferatio...Objective:To examine the action of the effective component,4'-methylether-scutellarein,from Verbena officinalis L.(VOL)on the proliferation and apoptosis of human choriocarcinomaJAR cells.Methods:Cell proliferation was measured by MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyl tetrasodium bromide,MTT]assay and the incorporation of tritiated thymidine(~3H-TdR).Apoptosis of cell was evaluated by flow cytometry(FCM)and the characteristic apoptoticDNA ladder by agarose gel electrophoresis,and the morphological changes of apoptotic JAR cellswere observed under fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy(EM).Expressions of ap-optosis proteins,poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)and caspase-3,-8,and -9 were deter-mined with Western blot.Results:The effective component from VOL inhibited the proliferation of JAR cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The treated cell cycle was arrested in S phase and an apoptotic peakwas found in S phase using FCM analysis.A typical DNA ladder appeared in the treatment groupwhen analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.Using fluorescence microscopy,the percentage ofapoptotic cell was 0.9%,6%,and 14% after treatments of 10,20,and 40 mg·L^(-1) of the effec-tive component,respectively,for 48 h.Typical apoptotic changes,such as condensed chromatinand presence of apoptotic bodies,were observed under EM.Treatment with effective componentfor 48 h and 72 h also induced protein expression of PARP and caspase-3,-8,and -9 as seen byWestern blot.Conclusions:The effective component from VOL inhibits cell proliferation and induces apop-tosis in human choriocarcinoma JAR cells.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis(R. officinalis) in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in vivo.Methods: The antioxidant properties of the essen...Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis(R. officinalis) in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in vivo.Methods: The antioxidant properties of the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis were evaluated against gastric injury induced by absolute ethanol. Gastric tissues were prepared to enzymatic assays. The levels of glutathione, lipid peroxides, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase were measured.Results: Ethanol produced severe hemorrhagic lesions in the stomach with ulcerative lesion of(140.2 ± 37.2) mm2. In animals pretreated with essential oil of R. officinalis(50 mg/kg, p.o.), a significant inhibition of mucosal injury of(21.2 ± 7.1) mm2(84%inhibition) was observed. The essential oil of R. officinalis protected the gastric mucosa probably by modulating the activities of the enzymes(superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and increasing or maintaining the levels of glutathione. In addition,lipid peroxides levels were reduced. The essential oil of R. officinalis was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer and the main constituents were cineole(28.5%),camphor(27.7%) and alpha-pinene(21.3%).Conclusions: We suggest that the monoterpenes present in the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis may be among the active principles responsible for the antioxidant activity shown by essential oil of R. officinalis.展开更多
The essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. endemic to France were determined by GC and GC-MS. Oils were assessed for their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 31 a...The essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. endemic to France were determined by GC and GC-MS. Oils were assessed for their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 31 and 37 different compounds were identified representing 99.64% and 99.38% of the thyme and rosemary oils respectively, where oxygenated monoterpenes constituted the main chemical class. Thymol (41.33%) and 1.8-cineole (24.10%) were identified as the main constituents of T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L., respectively. Essential oils (EOs) of selected plant species were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Cytotoxicity was measured using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyltetra-zolium bromide] colorimetric assay. Dose-dependent studies revealed IC50 of 8.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 10.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL after 72 h on the A549 cells for R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L., respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using a quantitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl) assay. Thymus and rosemary EOs exhibited effective radical scavenging capacity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 437 ± 5.46 μg/mL and 189 ± 2.38 μg/mL respectively and therefore acts as a natural antioxidant agent. The antimicrobial activity of these species has also been studied against several foodborne pathogens and food isolated Salmonella spp. including S. enteritidis of significant importance. According to the results, T. vulgaris L. showed higher bactericidal effect than those from R. officinalis L. These results suggest that the essential oil from T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L. have potential to be used as a natural cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing.展开更多
The antioxidant effects of Salvia officinalis L. hydroalcoholic extract and also its hepatoprotective effects in male rats were evaluated. Salvia officinalis L. extract was administered intraperitoneally for 28 days. ...The antioxidant effects of Salvia officinalis L. hydroalcoholic extract and also its hepatoprotective effects in male rats were evaluated. Salvia officinalis L. extract was administered intraperitoneally for 28 days. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase and alkaline phosphates in rats coadministered with both isoniazid (INH) 50 mg/kg and Salvia officinalis L. extract at 250 mg/kg showed significant reduction when compared to INH group, but administration of Salvia officinalis L. extract 250 mg/kg alone and with INH has alleviated gamma-glutamyl transferase comparing to INH receiving rats. After treatment of rats with INH 50mg/kg, severe tissue necrosis, and inflammation of central vein in liver and lymphocyte proliferation were observed;in the experimental group receiving Salvia officinalis L. extract (250 mg/kg) mild dilution in central vein and sinusoids in liver were seen. In rats coadministered with Salvia officinalis L. extract 250 mg/kg and INH low sinusoids dilution was indicated. It seems that Salvia officinalis L. extract exhibited anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects.展开更多
The article presents the results of research carried out by light microscopy of the anatomical structure of vegetative organs (leaf, root and stem) Lavandula officinalis Chaix of the family Lamiaceae introduced into t...The article presents the results of research carried out by light microscopy of the anatomical structure of vegetative organs (leaf, root and stem) Lavandula officinalis Chaix of the family Lamiaceae introduced into the conditions of the Tashkent Botanical Garden of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Our studies have shown that the presence or absence of trichomes can serve as an informative sign. In L. officinalis trichomes are simple unicellular two-terminal;three-terminal and multi-terminal. Lavender leaf hairs accumulate essential oils under the cuticle of secreting cells, the cuticle are tightly attached to the membranes of the secretory cells due to the absence of excretion products. Based on the results of a study of the morphological and anatomical features of the leaf of L. officinalis, it has been established that the forms of covering hairs and essential oil glands are of diagnostic value. In the epidermal, palisade and cortex parenchymal cells of the vegetative organs, yellow-orange essential (lavender) oil is noted. Identified diagnostic features that can be used in taxonomy and can be used to identify plant materials can also be used to develop indicators of authenticity in this type of raw material.展开更多
Saponaria officinalis L. seeds were treated with different concentrations of chemical mutagen to determine the impact of media with various hormone concentrations on the induction of mutated (Saponaria officinalis L....Saponaria officinalis L. seeds were treated with different concentrations of chemical mutagen to determine the impact of media with various hormone concentrations on the induction of mutated (Saponaria officinalis L.) seeds' adventitious buds and rooting culture by using tissue culture technology. The results indicated that the optimum concentration of the chemical mutagen-EMS was 0.3%; the optimum induction medium was MS+6-BA 1.5 mg · L^-1, NAA 0.1 mg · L^-1 and the optimum rooting medium was MS+0.05 mg · L^-1 NAA.展开更多
An Asparagus officinalis L. cultivar NJ978 was used to study the growing rate, salt ion content and mineral ion uptake and distribution in plants under salt stress. The results showed that salt stress significantly in...An Asparagus officinalis L. cultivar NJ978 was used to study the growing rate, salt ion content and mineral ion uptake and distribution in plants under salt stress. The results showed that salt stress significantly inhibited seedling growth and there was a negative relationship between seedling growth and salt concentration. The seedlings growth showed no significant decrease under low salt stress (NaCl≤50 mmol/L), while high concentrations of NaCl led to detrimental effects on the growth of A. officinalis L.. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the Na + content increased gradually in A. officinalis L. roots, stems and leaves while the K^+ and Ca^2+ contents had slow decreases. Under low salt stress, the seedlings of A. officinalis L. could prevent Na + from transporting to aerial part by withholding Na + in root, which could keep the balance of ions in aerial part, but under high salt stress (NaCl 〉 100 mmol/L), the aerial part of seedlings accumulated superabundance of Na +, which limited the uptake of K^+ and Ca^2+ , so seedlings were damaged heavily, which manifested as the gradual decrease of K^+/Na + and Ca^2+ /Na + in the roots and aerial part of the seedlings. The selective absorption of K^+, Ca^2+ and Na + (AS K,Na and AS Ca,Na ) was significantly increased with increased salinity, while the selective transportation (TS K,Na and TS Ca,Na ) increased at first and then decreased with the increased salinity. Therefore, the strong ability of salt exclusion and the regionalized distribution of ions in roots, stems and leaves could be one of the salt tolerance mechanisms of A. officinalis L.展开更多
The plant aerial parts of three species, Urtica dioica L., Viola odorata L. and Melissa officinalis L. were collected at randomly-different locations, according to altitudes in May 2010. The aerial parts of Urtica wer...The plant aerial parts of three species, Urtica dioica L., Viola odorata L. and Melissa officinalis L. were collected at randomly-different locations, according to altitudes in May 2010. The aerial parts of Urtica were collected within three replications from different locations: Biare 1,090 masl (meters above sea level), Tawile 1,450 masl and Awiser 1,680 masl. The aerial parts of Viola and Melissa were collected randomly within three replications at different locations: Biare 1,090 masl, Degashikhan 1,250 masl and Tawile 1,450 masl. The extracts of the aerial parts of these species were purified by filtrations for several times in preparation for HPLC analyses. The chromatograms of Urtica indicated the presence of five major important alkaloid components (fragrine, benzylisoquinoline, scopoletin, glucoquinone and dotriacotaine) and ten major important phenolic compounds (formic acid, tannin, chlorogenic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, anthocyanine, quercetin, zeaxanthin, luetin epoxide, coumarine and vanillin). All the concentrations of alkaloid and phenolic compounds were increased significantly due to higher altitudes, except that of alkaloid dotriacotaine. The chromatograms of Viola indicated the presence of four major important alkaloid components (violine, isoquinoline, cycloviolacin and luteolin-3-glucoronide) and ten major important phenolic compounds (formic acid, tannin, chlorogenic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, anthocyanine, quercetin, zeaxanthin, luetin epoxide, coumarine and vanillin). The results of the influence of altitudes showed that the concentrations of all alkaloids and phenolic compounds were increased significantly due to higher altitudes, except that of the alkaloid luteolin-3-glucoronide and the phenolic compounds zeaxanthin and luetin epoxide. The chromatograms of Melissa indicated the presence of five major essential oils (pinene, linalool, citronellol, geraniol and rosmarinic acid). Their quantitative evaluations were influenced by altitudes indicating that the concentrations of all oils were increased significantly due to the higher altitude, except that of the pinene.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacological effect and mechanism of Sanguisorba officinalis L.(SOL)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)in vitro and in vivo based on network pharmacology.METHODS Network pharmacology w...OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacological effect and mechanism of Sanguisorba officinalis L.(SOL)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)in vitro and in vivo based on network pharmacology.METHODS Network pharmacology was used to analyze the improving effect of SOL on NSCLC and possible targets.Cell counting kit 8(CCK-8)and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine(EdU)staining,Western blotting,flow cytometry of AnnexinⅤ/PI,Hoechst 33342/PI staining detection and immunofluorescence were utilized in vitro.H&E staining,immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting were performed in vivo.RESULTS Based on network prediction,we analyzed the 208 common targets of SOL and NSCLC.36 core targets in 208 common targets were obtained through cytoscape analysis.And the top 10 core targets included Akt,mTOR,EGFR,etc..KEGG analysis showed that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was the most likely pathway.Furthermore,the mechanism study found that SOL could activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.The anti-proliferative effect of SOL in A549 and H1299 cells was measured and validated by CCK-8 and EdU assay.Immunohistochemical results of Ki67 showed that SOL effectively inhibited tumor growth in vivo.SOL also significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells.SOL significantly increased the percentage of cells with PI signal in A549 and H1299,and the process of cell death of A549 cells indicated that SOL induced apoptosis.The PARP-1 and caspase-3 in A549 and H1299 were found to be activated in a dose manner.The results in vivo were consistent with those in vitro.CONCLUSION SOL-induced,caspase-3-mediated apoptosis via the induction of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in NSCLC,which further clarified the mechanism of SOL in the inhibition of NSCLC,and thereby provided a possibility for SOL to serve as a novel therapeutic agent for NSCLC in the future.展开更多
The effect of three different N-fertilization levels (NI: 625, N2:385 and N3:770 kg hal; where in case of N1 was used the 3-6-10+3MGO+30% OM and in cases of N2-N3 the 26-0-0 fertilizers) on fresh and dry weight...The effect of three different N-fertilization levels (NI: 625, N2:385 and N3:770 kg hal; where in case of N1 was used the 3-6-10+3MGO+30% OM and in cases of N2-N3 the 26-0-0 fertilizers) on fresh and dry weight of the perennial Rosmarinus officinalis (upright cultivar) was investigated during the 2nd year after establishment at the Experimental Farm of the Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly in Greece (TEI; Larissa plain) in 2015. It is well documented that the crop reaches its potential yield on the third year of cultivation and continues producing biomass for as long as eight years. Complete weather data (air temperature, radiation, air humidity, precipitation) were recorded hourly in an automatic meteorological station, which was installed to the experimental farm of TEI. Upon harvest (November 3rd 2015), the crop reached a maximum fresh yield of 11.67 tons per hectare and dry yield of 4.3, respectively. The average fresh weight was 8.2, 8.4 and 8.9 t hal and the dry weight were 2.6, 3.1 and 3.2 t ha-1 for the N1, N2 and N3 levels, respectively. Furthermore the higher moisture content was observed in the case of N1 level (68%). Therefore, the above data show that rosemary cultivation could be a promising alternative crop, especially in case of the consideration that average selling price of dry rosemary in Greece is 3.5 ∈ kg^-1 and the average gross income exceeds the amount of 10,000 ∈ ha^-1.展开更多
文摘AIM: To study influence of Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia(VOL) on expression of C Fos,C Jun after focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS: Inducing rat model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)using Koizumi’s intraluminal suture occlusion method.48 male rats were divided into 5 groups randomly, pseudo operation group, MCAO group, saline control group,VOL group.2 hours after MCAO, we took gastric gavage with VOL and saline, 8 hour per time, and took out of brain to test C Fos,C Jun expression immunohistochemically at the 5th day after operation.RESULTS: There was no positive cell in each hippocampus zone of normal group;we observed C Fos, C Jun positive cells in each Hippocampus zone after MCAO;Density of C Fos,C Jun positive cells of VOL group were apparently lower than that of simple ischemia group. CONCLUSION: VOL can relieve histopathological lesions after cerebral ischemia and promote protection function of rat through inhibiting the expression of C Fos,C Jun expression.
文摘Background:Inflammation and damage to neurons and other cells in the nervous system can cause disorders of the central nervous system.Microglial cells are activated by pathogen infection and injury to release nitric oxide.Valerian(Valeriana officinalis)has been used as a sedative for the treatment of neurological diseases.This study evaluated inflammation of microglial cells and tumor necrosis factorαand induced nitric oxide synthetase gene expression influenced by valerian extract.Methods:Microglial cells were isolated from mice.Lipopolysaccharide(1 ng/mL)was used to induce inflammation and nitric oxide production in cells for an hour.The inflamed cells were then treated with different concentrations(0.1,0.5,2.5,20,and 50μL/mL)of valerian alcoholic extract for 1 and 24 h.nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factorαand induced nitric oxide synthetase gene expression were determine by Griess assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Results:The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed no toxicity in several concentrations of the valerian extract.In addition,concentrations from 0.1 to 2.5μL/mL significantly reduced inflammation and nitric oxide production in mouse microglial cells to levels observed in control samples.Furthermore,tumor necrosis factorαand induced nitric oxide synthetase gene expression decreased when 2.5μL/mL extract was used.Conclusion:Based on these results,it can be concluded that 2.5μL/mL valerian alcoholic extract is effective as a candidate alternative medicine for reducing inflammation and nitric oxide production and consequently,the inflammatory symptoms of neurodegeneration.
文摘Greenhouse cultivation in northern China has the characteristic of single mode, and the intercropping mode is not common. Greenhouse intercropping of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis Linn) and coriander (Coriandrum sativurn L.) not only could increase vegetable kinds, but also could improve cropping index, and the asparagus growers' income could also be improved. This paper introduced the intercropping technique of green asparagus and coriander, so as to provide technical support for large-area extension of greenhouse green asparagus cultivation and break the situation of single mode for .qreenhouse cultivation.
文摘Objective:To determine the antimicrobial activity of rosemary(Rosmarinus of ficinalis L.) and to investigate the synergistic effects of this extract combined with ceforuxime against methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methods:The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of rosemary ethanol extract,alone and in combination with cefuroxime,were studied.Results:The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of the ethanol extract of rosemary were in the range of 0.39-3.13 mg/mL.The minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs) were usually equal to or double that MICs.The antimicrobial activity of combinations of the ethanol extract of rosemary and cefuroxime indicated their synergistic effects against all MRSAs.Conclusions:The present work clearly demonstrates that rosemary has a key role in the elevation of susceptibility toβ-lactams.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30270258)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.2007ZRB01903)
文摘The response of the antioxidant defense system of an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L.to different dosages of UV-B irradiation was investigated.Results showed that superoxide dimutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) increased and then maintained at a relatively stable level when subjected to UV-B irradiation.Catalase (CAT) activity under medium dosage of UV-B irradiation (Muv) and high dosage of UV-B irradiation (Huv) treatments were significantly decreased.Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity first remained unaltered and then increased in Huv treatment.In addition,the assay on isozymes was carried out using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).The activities of some SOD isoforms were altered by UV-B.Two new bands (POX V and POX VII) appeared upon exposure to all three UV-B dosages.CAT III activity was increased by low dosage of UV-B irradiation (Luv),whereas CAT III and CAT IV disappeared when the alga was exposed to Muv and Huv.Two bands of APX (APX VI and APX VII) were increased and a new band (APX X) was observed under Huv exposure.H 2 O 2 and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS) increased under Muv and Huv treatments.Overall,UV-B protection mechanisms are partly inducible and to a certain extent sufficient to prevent the accumulation of damage in C.officinalis.
基金Supported by Maxillofacial Prosthetic Service Research Fund,Faculty of Dentistry,Mahidol University,Bangkok,Thailand(Grant No.496/2011)
文摘Objective:To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L.(S.officinalis)essential oil against Candida albicans(C.albicans)and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of C.albicans to polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)resin surface.Methods:Disc diffusion method was first used to test the anticandidal activities of the S.officinalis L.essential oil against the reference strain(ATCC 90028)and 2 clinical strains of C.albicans.Then the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal lethal concentration(MLX)were determined by modified membrane method.The adhesion of C.albicans to PMMA resin surface was assessed after immersion with S.officinalis L.essential oil at various concentrations of 1XMIC.0.5XMIC and 0.25XMIC at room temperature for30 min.One-way ANOVA was used to compare the Candida cell adhesion with the pretreatment agents and Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons.Results:5.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activity against all strains of C.albicans with inhibition zone ranging from 40.5 mm to 19.5 mm.The MIC and MLC of the oil were determined as 2.780 g/L against all test strains.According to the effects on C.albicans adhesion to PMMA resin surface,it was found that immersion in the essential oil at concentrations of 1XMIC(2.780 g/L).0.5XMIC(1.390 g/L)and0.25XMIC(0.695 g/L)for 30 min significantly reduced the adhesion of all 3 test strains to PMMA resin surface in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05).Conclusions:S.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activities against C.albicans and had inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the cells to PMMA resin surface.With further testing and development,S.officinalis essential oil may be used as an antifungal denture cleanser to prevent candidal adhesion and thus reduce the risk of candida-associated denture stomatitis.
文摘Objective:To examine the action of the effective component,4'-methylether-scutellarein,from Verbena officinalis L.(VOL)on the proliferation and apoptosis of human choriocarcinomaJAR cells.Methods:Cell proliferation was measured by MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyl tetrasodium bromide,MTT]assay and the incorporation of tritiated thymidine(~3H-TdR).Apoptosis of cell was evaluated by flow cytometry(FCM)and the characteristic apoptoticDNA ladder by agarose gel electrophoresis,and the morphological changes of apoptotic JAR cellswere observed under fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy(EM).Expressions of ap-optosis proteins,poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)and caspase-3,-8,and -9 were deter-mined with Western blot.Results:The effective component from VOL inhibited the proliferation of JAR cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The treated cell cycle was arrested in S phase and an apoptotic peakwas found in S phase using FCM analysis.A typical DNA ladder appeared in the treatment groupwhen analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.Using fluorescence microscopy,the percentage ofapoptotic cell was 0.9%,6%,and 14% after treatments of 10,20,and 40 mg·L^(-1) of the effec-tive component,respectively,for 48 h.Typical apoptotic changes,such as condensed chromatinand presence of apoptotic bodies,were observed under EM.Treatment with effective componentfor 48 h and 72 h also induced protein expression of PARP and caspase-3,-8,and -9 as seen byWestern blot.Conclusions:The effective component from VOL inhibits cell proliferation and induces apop-tosis in human choriocarcinoma JAR cells.
基金Supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation(Grant Number:10/16965-7)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(Grant Number:303029/2011-0)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis(R. officinalis) in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in vivo.Methods: The antioxidant properties of the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis were evaluated against gastric injury induced by absolute ethanol. Gastric tissues were prepared to enzymatic assays. The levels of glutathione, lipid peroxides, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase were measured.Results: Ethanol produced severe hemorrhagic lesions in the stomach with ulcerative lesion of(140.2 ± 37.2) mm2. In animals pretreated with essential oil of R. officinalis(50 mg/kg, p.o.), a significant inhibition of mucosal injury of(21.2 ± 7.1) mm2(84%inhibition) was observed. The essential oil of R. officinalis protected the gastric mucosa probably by modulating the activities of the enzymes(superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and increasing or maintaining the levels of glutathione. In addition,lipid peroxides levels were reduced. The essential oil of R. officinalis was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer and the main constituents were cineole(28.5%),camphor(27.7%) and alpha-pinene(21.3%).Conclusions: We suggest that the monoterpenes present in the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis may be among the active principles responsible for the antioxidant activity shown by essential oil of R. officinalis.
文摘The essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. endemic to France were determined by GC and GC-MS. Oils were assessed for their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 31 and 37 different compounds were identified representing 99.64% and 99.38% of the thyme and rosemary oils respectively, where oxygenated monoterpenes constituted the main chemical class. Thymol (41.33%) and 1.8-cineole (24.10%) were identified as the main constituents of T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L., respectively. Essential oils (EOs) of selected plant species were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Cytotoxicity was measured using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyltetra-zolium bromide] colorimetric assay. Dose-dependent studies revealed IC50 of 8.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 10.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL after 72 h on the A549 cells for R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L., respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using a quantitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl) assay. Thymus and rosemary EOs exhibited effective radical scavenging capacity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 437 ± 5.46 μg/mL and 189 ± 2.38 μg/mL respectively and therefore acts as a natural antioxidant agent. The antimicrobial activity of these species has also been studied against several foodborne pathogens and food isolated Salmonella spp. including S. enteritidis of significant importance. According to the results, T. vulgaris L. showed higher bactericidal effect than those from R. officinalis L. These results suggest that the essential oil from T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L. have potential to be used as a natural cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing.
文摘The antioxidant effects of Salvia officinalis L. hydroalcoholic extract and also its hepatoprotective effects in male rats were evaluated. Salvia officinalis L. extract was administered intraperitoneally for 28 days. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transferase and alkaline phosphates in rats coadministered with both isoniazid (INH) 50 mg/kg and Salvia officinalis L. extract at 250 mg/kg showed significant reduction when compared to INH group, but administration of Salvia officinalis L. extract 250 mg/kg alone and with INH has alleviated gamma-glutamyl transferase comparing to INH receiving rats. After treatment of rats with INH 50mg/kg, severe tissue necrosis, and inflammation of central vein in liver and lymphocyte proliferation were observed;in the experimental group receiving Salvia officinalis L. extract (250 mg/kg) mild dilution in central vein and sinusoids in liver were seen. In rats coadministered with Salvia officinalis L. extract 250 mg/kg and INH low sinusoids dilution was indicated. It seems that Salvia officinalis L. extract exhibited anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects.
文摘The article presents the results of research carried out by light microscopy of the anatomical structure of vegetative organs (leaf, root and stem) Lavandula officinalis Chaix of the family Lamiaceae introduced into the conditions of the Tashkent Botanical Garden of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Our studies have shown that the presence or absence of trichomes can serve as an informative sign. In L. officinalis trichomes are simple unicellular two-terminal;three-terminal and multi-terminal. Lavender leaf hairs accumulate essential oils under the cuticle of secreting cells, the cuticle are tightly attached to the membranes of the secretory cells due to the absence of excretion products. Based on the results of a study of the morphological and anatomical features of the leaf of L. officinalis, it has been established that the forms of covering hairs and essential oil glands are of diagnostic value. In the epidermal, palisade and cortex parenchymal cells of the vegetative organs, yellow-orange essential (lavender) oil is noted. Identified diagnostic features that can be used in taxonomy and can be used to identify plant materials can also be used to develop indicators of authenticity in this type of raw material.
基金Supported by the Postdoctoral Funds Project of Heilongjiang Province (520-415037)Post-doctoral Research Start-up Funding of Heilongjiang Province (LBH-210144)
文摘Saponaria officinalis L. seeds were treated with different concentrations of chemical mutagen to determine the impact of media with various hormone concentrations on the induction of mutated (Saponaria officinalis L.) seeds' adventitious buds and rooting culture by using tissue culture technology. The results indicated that the optimum concentration of the chemical mutagen-EMS was 0.3%; the optimum induction medium was MS+6-BA 1.5 mg · L^-1, NAA 0.1 mg · L^-1 and the optimum rooting medium was MS+0.05 mg · L^-1 NAA.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Support Program of Hebei Province(17226913D)the Project for Innovation of Hebei Province(F17R07)
文摘An Asparagus officinalis L. cultivar NJ978 was used to study the growing rate, salt ion content and mineral ion uptake and distribution in plants under salt stress. The results showed that salt stress significantly inhibited seedling growth and there was a negative relationship between seedling growth and salt concentration. The seedlings growth showed no significant decrease under low salt stress (NaCl≤50 mmol/L), while high concentrations of NaCl led to detrimental effects on the growth of A. officinalis L.. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the Na + content increased gradually in A. officinalis L. roots, stems and leaves while the K^+ and Ca^2+ contents had slow decreases. Under low salt stress, the seedlings of A. officinalis L. could prevent Na + from transporting to aerial part by withholding Na + in root, which could keep the balance of ions in aerial part, but under high salt stress (NaCl 〉 100 mmol/L), the aerial part of seedlings accumulated superabundance of Na +, which limited the uptake of K^+ and Ca^2+ , so seedlings were damaged heavily, which manifested as the gradual decrease of K^+/Na + and Ca^2+ /Na + in the roots and aerial part of the seedlings. The selective absorption of K^+, Ca^2+ and Na + (AS K,Na and AS Ca,Na ) was significantly increased with increased salinity, while the selective transportation (TS K,Na and TS Ca,Na ) increased at first and then decreased with the increased salinity. Therefore, the strong ability of salt exclusion and the regionalized distribution of ions in roots, stems and leaves could be one of the salt tolerance mechanisms of A. officinalis L.
文摘The plant aerial parts of three species, Urtica dioica L., Viola odorata L. and Melissa officinalis L. were collected at randomly-different locations, according to altitudes in May 2010. The aerial parts of Urtica were collected within three replications from different locations: Biare 1,090 masl (meters above sea level), Tawile 1,450 masl and Awiser 1,680 masl. The aerial parts of Viola and Melissa were collected randomly within three replications at different locations: Biare 1,090 masl, Degashikhan 1,250 masl and Tawile 1,450 masl. The extracts of the aerial parts of these species were purified by filtrations for several times in preparation for HPLC analyses. The chromatograms of Urtica indicated the presence of five major important alkaloid components (fragrine, benzylisoquinoline, scopoletin, glucoquinone and dotriacotaine) and ten major important phenolic compounds (formic acid, tannin, chlorogenic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, anthocyanine, quercetin, zeaxanthin, luetin epoxide, coumarine and vanillin). All the concentrations of alkaloid and phenolic compounds were increased significantly due to higher altitudes, except that of alkaloid dotriacotaine. The chromatograms of Viola indicated the presence of four major important alkaloid components (violine, isoquinoline, cycloviolacin and luteolin-3-glucoronide) and ten major important phenolic compounds (formic acid, tannin, chlorogenic acid, caffeoylmalic acid, anthocyanine, quercetin, zeaxanthin, luetin epoxide, coumarine and vanillin). The results of the influence of altitudes showed that the concentrations of all alkaloids and phenolic compounds were increased significantly due to higher altitudes, except that of the alkaloid luteolin-3-glucoronide and the phenolic compounds zeaxanthin and luetin epoxide. The chromatograms of Melissa indicated the presence of five major essential oils (pinene, linalool, citronellol, geraniol and rosmarinic acid). Their quantitative evaluations were influenced by altitudes indicating that the concentrations of all oils were increased significantly due to the higher altitude, except that of the pinene.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81774013,81804221,82074129)and National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2018ZX09721004-006-004)。
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacological effect and mechanism of Sanguisorba officinalis L.(SOL)in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)in vitro and in vivo based on network pharmacology.METHODS Network pharmacology was used to analyze the improving effect of SOL on NSCLC and possible targets.Cell counting kit 8(CCK-8)and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine(EdU)staining,Western blotting,flow cytometry of AnnexinⅤ/PI,Hoechst 33342/PI staining detection and immunofluorescence were utilized in vitro.H&E staining,immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting were performed in vivo.RESULTS Based on network prediction,we analyzed the 208 common targets of SOL and NSCLC.36 core targets in 208 common targets were obtained through cytoscape analysis.And the top 10 core targets included Akt,mTOR,EGFR,etc..KEGG analysis showed that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was the most likely pathway.Furthermore,the mechanism study found that SOL could activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.The anti-proliferative effect of SOL in A549 and H1299 cells was measured and validated by CCK-8 and EdU assay.Immunohistochemical results of Ki67 showed that SOL effectively inhibited tumor growth in vivo.SOL also significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells.SOL significantly increased the percentage of cells with PI signal in A549 and H1299,and the process of cell death of A549 cells indicated that SOL induced apoptosis.The PARP-1 and caspase-3 in A549 and H1299 were found to be activated in a dose manner.The results in vivo were consistent with those in vitro.CONCLUSION SOL-induced,caspase-3-mediated apoptosis via the induction of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in NSCLC,which further clarified the mechanism of SOL in the inhibition of NSCLC,and thereby provided a possibility for SOL to serve as a novel therapeutic agent for NSCLC in the future.
文摘The effect of three different N-fertilization levels (NI: 625, N2:385 and N3:770 kg hal; where in case of N1 was used the 3-6-10+3MGO+30% OM and in cases of N2-N3 the 26-0-0 fertilizers) on fresh and dry weight of the perennial Rosmarinus officinalis (upright cultivar) was investigated during the 2nd year after establishment at the Experimental Farm of the Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly in Greece (TEI; Larissa plain) in 2015. It is well documented that the crop reaches its potential yield on the third year of cultivation and continues producing biomass for as long as eight years. Complete weather data (air temperature, radiation, air humidity, precipitation) were recorded hourly in an automatic meteorological station, which was installed to the experimental farm of TEI. Upon harvest (November 3rd 2015), the crop reached a maximum fresh yield of 11.67 tons per hectare and dry yield of 4.3, respectively. The average fresh weight was 8.2, 8.4 and 8.9 t hal and the dry weight were 2.6, 3.1 and 3.2 t ha-1 for the N1, N2 and N3 levels, respectively. Furthermore the higher moisture content was observed in the case of N1 level (68%). Therefore, the above data show that rosemary cultivation could be a promising alternative crop, especially in case of the consideration that average selling price of dry rosemary in Greece is 3.5 ∈ kg^-1 and the average gross income exceeds the amount of 10,000 ∈ ha^-1.