Selection Rules in Weak Interaction and Conservation of Fermion Quantum Number

Traditionally, in weak interaction, I3, Y and four flavour quantum numbers are not conserved but several empirical selection rules work well. Recently, it was found that, in weak interaction, there are three levels of conservation of additive quantum numbers, and fermion quantum number F is conserved in all kinds of interactions. It is known that weak interaction has three types: fermionic, pure hadronic and pure leptonic, corresponding to the first and the second level of conservation of additive quantum numbers respectively. It is demonstrated in this paper that the selection rules in all types of weak interaction can be interpreted by conservation of F, and the formula of relation between Q/e, F and F0 is more general than Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula. Description of weak interaction becomes simpler, If only we take Q, F0 and F, based on the conserved physical quantities.

Interaction Rule between Rare Earths and LowMelting Point Elements in Fe-,Cu-,AI-,Ni-Base Liquid Solutions

Interaction rule between representative RE and Sn, Sb, Pb, Cu, S, P low melting point elements respectively in Fe , Cu , Al , Ni base liquid solutions including totally 34 ternary and quarternary systems was investigated. For each system some thermodynamic properties were obtained, such as the standard free energies of equilibrium reactions, activity interaction coefficients etc ..

Visualizing Association Rules Using Linked Matrix,Graph, and Detail Views

Although association rule mining is an important pattern recognition and data analysis technique, extracting and finding significant rules from a large collection has always been challenging. The ability of information visualization to enable users to gain an understanding of high dimensional and large-scale data can play a major role in the exploration, identification, and interpretation of association rules. In this paper, we propose a method that provides multiple views of the association rules, linked together through a filtering mechanism. A visual inspection of the entire association rule set is enabled within a matrix view. Items of interest can be selected, resulting in their corresponding association rules being shown in a graph view. At any time, individual rules can be selected in either view, resulting in their information being shown in the detail view. The fundamental premise in this work is that by providing such a visual and interactive representation of the association rules, users will be able to find important rules quickly and easily, even as the number of rules that must be inspected becomes large. A user evaluation was conducted which validates this premise.

Generation Rules in POMA Architecture

Another component in Pattern-Oriented and Model-Driven Architecture (POMA) is the concept of model generation. The generation code of models is the process of creating a source code from a model using generation rules. In this paper, we present the generation rules that are used to support the automated code generator of POMA architecture to generate the source code of the entire interactive system. These Platform-Specific Model (PSM) models are based on patterns which illustrate how several individual models of patterns can be generated at different levels of abstraction such as PSM models to source code in the development of interactive systems.

Lightweight Approach to Connect Business Rules with Aspects

Aspectual connection that compose business rule, refers to the code in charge of not only triggering the application of the rules at certain events, but also gathering the necessary information for their application and incorporating their results in the rest of the core application functionality. We propose an approach to connect business rule with aspect systematically. This approach is agile, programming language-independent, business rules type independent and it can be used in different stages of development. This approach considers the identification, analysis and construction of connections with aspects, (aspectual connection). We use our experience and previous works to define the initial steps, and complete them with the analysis of interactions and propose methods to implement aspectual connections code. We have developed a tool that supports this approach.

Numerical Experiment for Dipole-Dipole Interaction in Electro-Magnetism with Help of a Regular Tetrahedron

Aim of this work is to try to explain, on a Rational basis, some equations of Electro-Magnetism, which are based on Experimental data. Any Electric Field can produce a Field of many small Electric Dipoles, continuously distributed in space. In a region, where the Electric Field is constant, in direction and magnitude, all the small Dipoles are parallel to the Electric Field, and are represented by a single, long, parallel to them, fixed in space, Electric Dipole, which is here called Compass. An Alternating current, in a straight Conductor, is studied, by a simple, short computer program, for step-by-step nonlinear dynamic analysis. It is found that, only an Alternating current, not a direct current, can produce an Electric Dipole, in a straight Conductor. The two above Dipoles (Compass-Conductor) are assumed with equal lengths ℓ, lying on two skew lines, perpendicular to each other, at a distance ℓ√2, thus forming, by their four ends, a Regular Tetrahedron, with side length ℓ. Repulsion, between Like Charges, obeys the simple Coulomb Electro-Static law. Whereas Interaction (Attraction or Repulsion), between Unlike Charges, obeys a more accurate Lennard-Jones law. The analysis of Dipole-Dipole (Compass-Conductor) Interaction is performed by hand calculator. The only out-of-balance forces, in the regular Tetrahedron, acting on the Rigid Conductor, are the so-called magnetic forces. Their direction is found, in a simple Rational way, with help of Regular Tetrahedron, without recoursing to a “right-hand-rule”. The proposed model is applied to 1) The force acting on an Electric Charge moving in a magnetic field. 2) The force acting on a Current carrying straight Conductor, due to a magnetic field. 3) The magnetic fields created around a Current carrying straight Conductor. In these applications, proposed model gives reasonable results. Particularly, in third application, results, obtained by proposed model, are found in satisfactory approximation with corresponding ones, obtained by an empirical formula, based on relevant Experimental observations of H.-C. Oersted and A.-M. Ampère. So, the reliability of proposed model is checked. Position and direction of magnetic field vector coincide with those of a corresponding fixed Compass of a constant Electric Field. Main point of present work is that, without introducing the concept of a magnetic field vector, by combining field of dipoles, produced by an electric field, with dipole of an alternating current carrying conductor, the magnetic forces can be determined.

Interactive-Adaptive Combination Rule

Aiming at the invalidation of DS theory dealing with the evidence in a high conflict and reducing confidence level of DSm theory processing a low conflict,this paper proposes an interactive-adaptive combination rule. Adopting the angle similarity based on hyper-power set as the weight of generalized Dempster rule and PCR rule,the new rule adaptively processes various evidence combination issues. In this way,the rule can obtain not only the better fusion of decision making effect in a low conflict,but also the solution to the synthesis in a high conflict. Simulation analysis demonstrates the validity and applicability from this rule of combination.

A Theoretical Analysis of Interactive Coercing Effects Between Urbanization and Eco-environment

Objectively, a complex interactive coercing relationship exists between urbanization and eco-environment, and the research of this relationship is primarily divided into three schools, i.e., interactive coercion theory, interactive promotion theory and coupling symbiosis theory. Harmonizing the relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is not only an important proposition for the national development plan but also the only way to promote healthy urbanization. Based on an analysis of urbanization process and its relationship with the eco-environment, this article analyzes interactive coercing effects between urbanization and eco-environment from three perspectives of population urbanization, economic urbanization and spatial urbanization, respectively, and analyzes risk effects of the interactive coercion. Further, it shows six basic laws followed by interactive coercion between urbanization and eco-environment, namely, coupling fission law, dynamic hierarchy law, stochastic fluctuation law, non-linear synergetic law, threshold value law and forewarning law, and divides the interactive coercing process into five stages, namely, low-level coordinate, antagonistic, break-in, ameliorative and high-grade coordinate. Based on the geometric derivation, the interactive coercing relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is judged to be non-linear and it can be explained by a double-exponential function formed by the combination of power and exponential functions. Then, the evolutionary types of the interactive coercing relationship are divided into nine ones: rudimentary coordinating, ecology-dominated, synchronal coordinating, urbanization lagging, stepwise break-in, exorbitant urbanization, fragile ecology, rudimentary break-in and unsustainable types. Finally, based on an interactive coercion model, the degree of interactive coercion can be examined, and then, an evolutionary cycle can be divided into four phases, namely rudimentary symbiosis, harmonious development, utmost increasing and spiral type rising. The study results offer a scientific decision-making of healthy urbanization for achieving the goal of eco-environment protection and promoting urbanization.

Breakdown of Raman selection rules by Frohlich interaction in few-layer WS_(2)

The polarization selection rule of Raman scattering is crucial in symmetry analysis of elementary excitations in semiconductors and correlated electron systems.Here we reported the observation of breakdown of Raman selection rules in few-layer WS_(2) by using resonant Raman spectroscopy.When the excitation energy is close to the dark A exciton state,we observed some infrared active modes and backscattering forbidden modes.Importantly,we found that all observed phonon modes follow the same paralleled-polarization behavior.According to the electron-phonon coupling near the band edge in WS_(2),we proposed a theoretical model based on the intraband Frohlich interaction.In this case,the polarization response of the scattering signal is no longer determined by the original Raman tensor of scattered phonons.Instead,it is determined by a new isotropic Raman tensor that generated from this intraband Frohlich interaction between dark A exciton and phonons.We found that this theoretical model is in excellent agreement with the observed results.The breakdown of Raman selection rules can violate the conventional limitations of the optical response and provide an effective method to control the polarization of Raman scattering signals in two-dimensional materials.

EFFECTS OF MOLECULAR SIZE AND COMBINATION RULE ON LOCAL COMPOSITION

1 INTRODUCTIONThe concept of local composition(the local mole fraction of one component aroundanother),which is different from the bulk mole fraction,has been successfully used todevelop thermodynamic models for liquid mixtures,which include Guggenheim’squasi-chemical theory [1],Wilson’s equation [2],nonrandom two-liquid(NRTL)equa-tion [3] and the UNIQUAC equation [4,5].The basis of all these models is that the dif-

泥岩卸荷损伤-水次序作用下的劣化规律研究

工程开挖建设导致软岩形成卸荷损伤,其在水-岩作用下的劣化特征与卸荷损伤程度密切相关。以巴东地区红层泥岩为研究对象,设计进行了泥岩卸荷损伤模拟试验,随后对卸荷损伤泥岩试样进行水-岩作用试验,结果显示:卸荷损伤导致泥岩局部矿物颗粒形态破坏、微裂缝发育,在后续水-岩作用下颗粒间胶结程度持续弱化,孔隙、裂缝进一步扩展。宏细观参数随水-岩作用时间的增长,其中质量m呈现先上升后骤然下降再趋于稳定的趋势,纵波波速P呈现先减少后上升的趋势,体积应变εv呈现逐渐增大的趋势,分形维数K呈逐渐增长的趋势;且各参数的增长速率均随卸荷损伤程度D的增大呈幂函数增加,当D≥0.49时,各参数的增长速率急剧增大;确定以质量、纵波波速、体积应变和分形维数作为与水反应系统的变量,并运用非线性动力学理论建立了水-岩作用下的泥岩劣化模型,并验证了模型的合理性。研究结果表明所建模型能表征卸荷损伤泥岩在水-岩作用下的宏细观特征参数变化趋势提供一定理论参考。

Interactive multiobjective optimization using dominance-based rough set approach

We present main ideas of a recently proposed method for interactive multiobjective optimization,which is based on application of a logical preference model built using the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach(DRSA).

基于网络交互与智能规则的调度操作指挥模块

针对传统的手打拟票、手工记录以及电话下令的业务开展方式已成为操作效率提升的瓶颈,提出在调度指挥控制系统(dispatch command control system,DCCS)上设计调度操作指挥模块。将电话下令转变为网络交互;构建多种基于智能规则的自动成票手段,取代传统的手打出票方式;操作完成后系统可自动记录设备状态信息并通知相关单位,实现调度操作全流程的网络化、信息化与智能化。模块上线运行结果表明,数据显示对调度操作效率的提升作用显著。

乡规民约与农村治理的现代化耦合互动研究

乡规民约在乡村法治建设中具有重要地位,其权威性源自于广大村民共同意志的体现。作为一种软法,乡规民约不仅具有深厚的传统根基,而且与农村社会的实际需求紧密相连。通过柔性治理等合作方式,乡规民约成为农村基层治理的重要工具,体现了国家治理中政府管理、社会参与和村民自治的有机结合。乡规民约的成功实践,离不开对传统伦理道德的继承与发扬,同时也要吸收现代民主法治的精髓。在传统乡规民约中融入现代治理理念等现代化逻辑,进而形成的现代化乡规民约在基层治理中具有重要价值。它依托利益激励、道德评价和互助工具,形成了一种独特的治理模式,既尊重了传统,又体现了现代治理理念。这种治理模式为农村治理提供了有力支撑,有效促进了农村社会的和谐稳定。

无资料地区闸站调度下江湖水量交互规律研究

为解决无资料地区通江湖泊水量交互规律,以涨渡湖为例,将江湖水量交互原理同遥感解译理论相耦合,提出一种无资料地区闸站调度下江湖水量交互规律研究方法,基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台分析湖泊面积变化,结合同期降水、蒸发和湖泊特性,计算江湖交互水量。结果表明,湖泊多年月平均面积总体变化趋势一致,呈规律性变化,2~6月呈下降趋势,7~11月呈上升趋势,变化范围在40~47 km^(2)之间;每年2~6、11~12月湖水入江,7~10月、12月~次年1月江水倒灌入湖。结果可为其他无资料地区闸站调度下江湖水量交互规律研究提供参考。

概率对偶犹豫模糊交互融合算子及其在多属性决策中的应用

生产生活实践中的多属性决策问题往往充满了不确定性与模糊性,概率对偶犹豫模糊集作为模糊集的推广能够更全面准确地表达决策者提供的信息。另外,基于融合算子的多属性决策方法是常用的一种模糊决策方法。首先,在融合多个属性下的概率对偶犹豫模糊信息时隶属度与非隶属度会产生相互影响,提出概率对偶犹豫模糊交互运算法则并研究相关性质;其次,给出概率对偶犹豫模糊加权交互平均算子、加权交互几何算子及其性质;然后,建立基于概率对偶犹豫模糊交互融合算子的多属性决策方法;最后,通过一个实例验证提出的决策方法的有效性。

基于Apriori算法的氢安全事故统计分析

为探究氢安全事故不同特征因素间的相关性,以827起涉及氢气系统的安全事故为数据集,统计分析事故时间、应用阶段、点火源、事故致因及事故后果等特征因素。首先,构建事故致因的关联规则网络,讨论事故致因相关性;然后,交互分析事故致因和事故后果,明确事故因果关系;最后,基于Apriori算法挖掘氢安全事故的6类特征因素的关联规则。结果表明:氢安全事故中设备失效与设计错误、操作错误与意外反应等6个事故致因组合相关性最高;未点燃的氢气释放与压力释放装置、通风系统等8个因素强关联,氢火灾与螺栓、自燃等9个因素强关联,氢爆炸与制氢、电火花、压缩机等5个因素强关联。

基于符号互动理论的高职学生规则意识研究

符号互动论阐释了人与人通过符号进行互动并形成深层次互动交流关系,对于高校师生互动具有重要的启示意义。高职学校作为培养技能型人才的重要场所,在教育中应该把学生规则意识的培养放在重要位置,并不断通过创新教育方式和内容来培养学生的规则意识。而规则意识作为现代公民必备能力之一,是规范学生行为,助力建设安全有序校园的关键。探寻培养高职学生规则意识现状,通过寻找共同的网络互动文字符号、记录和解释符号互动内容、创设教育性的环境符号、激发学生自我管理、重视课程思政教育、拉近师生感情,将文化符号种进心里;多渠道因材施教,加深对规则的认知和理解,促进师生良性互动,增强高职学生规则意识。

基于改进关联规则的交互式元数据快速聚类方法

针对交互式元数据样本分布不均、聚类时间较长、离群点检测效果不佳的问题,提出基于改进关联规则的交互式元数据快速聚类方法。将交互式元数据划分为多个数据片,形成元数据分布式处理框架,根据待聚类数据对象的标识和定位信息建立数据网格索引机制,采用布尔矩阵和内积运算算法取代基础关联规则的编码方式和运算方法,定义分类算法所需的值函数,将特征点排列方式换变为按数据维度排序,获取改进关联规则,结合模糊均值算法和拉格朗日乘数法完成交互式元数据快速聚类。实验结果表明,比较原先的方法,所提出方法的聚类运行时间减少了81.27%、79.03%,有效提升了元数据聚类效率。