Spermotrend Improves Semen Quality and Infertility in Men with Varicocele —Spermotrend and Male Infertility

Background: Infertility affects 8% - 12% of couples globally, with approximately half of the cases reported in males. Oxidative stress is a common factor increased in the varicocele condition and particularly affects spermatozoa, due to their sensitivity to oxidative signals and testicular hypotrophy. The objective of this clinical trial is to study the effectiveness of Spermotrend in the improvement of sperm parameters in male infertility. Methods: A total of 170 males aged > 18 years with a diagnosis of infertility and varicocele were consecutively enrolled in a Phase II, open-label clinical trial. Spermotrend was administered 1 capsule (450 mg) orally every 8 hours for 6 months and was evaluated through semen analysis at 4 and 6 months of follow-up. Results: The trial results show a significant improvement following the administration of Spermotrend over 6 months in sperm concentration (44.1% at baseline vs. 64.1% at 6 months), sperm survival (28.2% with sperm survival ≥ 2 hours vs.56.5%), normalization of sperm morphology (31.2% vs. 72.9%). Varicocele condition decreased in all patients and, by the end of the study, 55.3% of patients had normal venous flow and dilation. Only 5.9% of the patients showed grade 2 varicocele at the end of the study, while 38.8% showed grade 1 varicocele, with no patients showing grade 3 varicocele. Regarding testicular hypotrophy, 90.6% of the patients completed the study with normalized testicular volume by recovering normal venous flow. Conclusion: A short-term course of Spermotrend may significantly improve sperm parameters associated with male infertility. Clinical Trial Registration: The clinical trial protocol was registered in the international clinical trial registry, ClinicalTrials.gov, with the code: NCT05222841 on 15/06/2021.

Migration of varicocele coil leading to ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis:A case report

BACKGROUND Varicocele embolization,a minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic varicoceles,carries a rare risk of complications like ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis.This case report documents such a case to raise awareness of these potential complications and showcase minimally invasive surgical management as a successful solution.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old male presented with flank pain and hematuria following varicocele embolization.Imaging confirmed left ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis.Laparoscopic ureterolysis successfully removed the embolization coil and repaired the ureter,resolving the patient's symptoms.Follow-up at six months and two years showed sustained improvement.CONCLUSION Minimally invasive surgery offers an effective treatment option for rare complications like ureteral obstruction arising from varicocele embolization.

Cure of Varicocele under Local Anesthesia: Impact on Sperm Parameters

Introduction: Varicocele is one of the most frequent causes of infertility. There are several therapeutic modalities, namely surgery (open and laparoscopic) and conventional radiology. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of a varicocele cure under local anaesthesia on spermogram quality. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2023 in the urology department of the Hôpital Militaire de Ouakam (HMO). The parameters studied were age, reasons for consultation, time to urology consultation, grade of varicocele, Doppler ultrasound and spermogram data before treatment and 3 months after treatment. Treatment consisted of bilateral subinguinal varicocelectomy under local anaesthetic. Data were entered and analysed using Excel software version 2021. Results: We studied 41 patients. The mean age of the patients was 35.3 ± 6.9 years, with extremes of 22 and 50 years. Thirty-eight of our patients (88.37%) were married. The most frequent reason for consultation was primary infertility (72.09%). 28 patients (68.3%) had a bilateral varicocele on ultrasound. Varicocele was associated with bilateral testicular hypotrophy in 13 patients (31.7%) and unilateral left testicular hypotrophy in 11 patients (26.8%). All patients underwent subinguinal varicocelectomy under local anaesthetic. Mean follow-up was 4.5 months. A clear statistically significant improvement was noted in sperm motility and concentration in postoperative spermograms, with normalisation of the spermogram in 15 (36.5%) of patients. Conclusion: The impact of varicocele on sperm parameters has been clearly established. There are various therapeutic methods for curing varicocele, including varicocelectomy under local anaesthetic, which, in addition to its undeniable economic advantages, can significantly improve sperm parameters in patients with varicocele and prevent their deterioration over time.

改进YOLOv5su模型检测桃树缩叶病

为实现自然环境下桃树缩叶病的检测,该研究提出了一种基于YOLOv5su的桃树缩叶病识别改进模型DLLYOLOv5su。首先,针对桃树缩叶病目标特征变化较大的问题,在骨干网络最后一层C3模块中加入可变形自注意力模块(deformable attention,DA),使模型更加关注目标区域,降低背景对模型的影响,提高模型在复杂背景下的拟合能力。其次在SPPF(fast spatial pyramid pooling)模块中引入LSKA(large separable kernel attention)结构,大核卷积增大了模型的感受野,使模型能够关注更多信息。最后,提出了LAWD(lightweight adaptive weighted downsampling)模块,使用轻量化的下采样结构替换卷积模块,减少计算开销。在桃树缩叶病数据集上进行试验,结果显示,DLL-YOLOv5su模型权重大小为17.6 MB,检测速度为83帧/s。识别准确率P、召回率R和平均精度均值mAP_(50)分别达到了80.7%、73.1%和80.4%,相较于原始YOLOv5su分别提高了4.2、2.4和4.3个百分点。与YOLOv3-tiny、Faster R-CNN、YOLOv7和YOLOv8相比mAP_(50)分别高出了28.5、11.8、2.1和4.1个百分点。改进模型识别精度高,误检、漏检率低,检测速度满足实时检测的要求,可以为桃树缩叶病的实时监测和预警提供参考。

小麦SUS基因家族鉴定与生物信息学分析

【目的】对小麦蔗糖合成酶(sucrose synthase,SUS)基因家族进行鉴定和生物信息学分析,为探究小麦SUS(TaSUS)基因家族的作用机制提供理论参考。【方法】采用生物信息学方法在小麦全基因组上鉴定TaSUS基因家族成员,并对其系统进化关系、染色体位置、基因结构、保守结构域、启动子顺式作用元件和基因表达模式进行分析。【结果】在小麦基因组中共鉴定到分布于14条染色体上的24个TaSUS基因,可分为3个亚组。TaSUS基因含有多个外显子,但部分基因缺失非翻译区结构。TaSUS基因家族成员启动子区域包含45种顺式作用元件,涉及植物生长发育和逆境胁迫响应。大多数TaSUS基因在小麦穗中显著表达,在叶、茎和根中的相对表达量较低。【结论】研究结果有助于了解小麦SUS基因家族的进化,为后期小麦SUS基因家族的生物功能研究奠定理论基础。

Microsurgical varicocelectomy： a review

Varicocelectomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure for the treatment of male infertility. Although several different techniques for varicocele repair have been described in the literature, microsurgical varicocelectomy performed through a subinguinal or inguinal incision is recognized as the gold-standard approach for varicocelectomy, due to high success rates with minimal complications. Standard indications for varicocelectomy include palpable varicocele（s）, with one or more abnormal semen parameters, and, for the couple trying to conceive, in the setting of normal or correctable female infertility. However, varicocele repair is often recommended and undertaken for reasons other than infertility, including low serum testosterone, testicular pain, testicular hypotrophy and poor sperm DNA quality. This article reviews the technical aspects of microsurgical varicocelectomy, and its indications in adults and adolescents.

Genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase T1 affect the surgical outcome of varicocelectomies in infertile patients

Glutathione S-transferases （GSTs）, superoxide dismutase 2 （SOD2） and NAD（P）H：quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1） are anti-oxidant enzyme genes. Polymorphisms of GSTs, SOD2 and NQO1 have been reported to influence individual susceptibility to various diseases. In an earlier study, we obtained preliminary findings that a subset of glutathione S-transferase 7：1 （GSTT1）-wt patients with varicocele may exhibit good response to varicocelectomy. In this study, we extended the earlier study to determine the distribution of genotype of each gene in the infertile population and to evaluate whether polymorphism of these genes affects the results of surgical treatment of varicocele. We analyzed 72 infertile varicocele patients, 202 infertile patients without varicocele and 101 male controls. Genotypes of GSTs were determined by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Genotyping of SOD2 and NQO1 was performed using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） method. A significantly better response to varicocelectomy was found in patients with the GSTTI-wt genotype （63.2%） and NQO1-Ser/Ser genotype （80.0%） than in those with GSTTI-null genotype （35.3%） and NQO1-Pro/Pro or NQO1- Pro/Ser genotype （45.2%）, respectively. The frequencies of glutathione S-transferase M1/T1, SOD2 and NQO1 genotypes did not differ significantly among the varicocele patients, idiopathic infertile patients and male controls. GSTT1 genotype is associated with improvement of semen parameters after varicocelectomy. As the number of patients with NQO1-Ser/Ser genotype was not sufficient to reach definite conclusions, the association of NQO1 genotype with varicocelectomy requires further investigation.

Microanatomy of the spermatic cords during microsurgica inguinal varicocelectomy： initial experience in Asian met

The microanatomy of the inguinal spermatic cords has never been reported in Asia. The purpose of this study was to describe the number and relationship of the veins, arteries and lymphatics in the spermatic cord and to clarify the location of the vas deferens in Asian men. Fifty-one patients receiving 79 primary microsurgical varicocelectomies performed by a single surgeon from April 2011 to July 2012 were studied. The number of internal and external spermatic veins, testicular arteries and lymphatic channels preserved during the inguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy were recorded. The relationship between the right and left vascular anatomy during bilateral varicocelectomies was evaluated. The data showed that mean numbers of 1.5±0.9 arteries, 5.6±2.2 spermatic veins and 3.6±1.9 lymphatics were identified during the repairs. The internal spermatic arteries were surrounded by a dense complex of adherent veins in 81.2% of the cases. The external spermatic vein or veins were found in 60.8% of the cases. The vas deferens may be contained within the internal spermatic fascia. The results suggest that the number of veins may be highly variable and less than those reported in the English literature, but there is some similarity in the inguinal microanatomy of the right and left spermatic cords, Further research is warranted to clarify our results.

Effects of epidermal growth factor on sperm content and motility of rats with surgically induced varicoceles

Aim： To investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor （EGF） on the sperm content and motility of the varicocelized rats. Methods： Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Experimental varicocele was induced by partial ligation of the left renal vein in the varicocele, the varicocele repair, the varicocele with EGF and the varicocele repair with EGF groups, whereas the control group only received a sham induction of varicocele. Surgical repair of varicocele was performed 4 months later in the varicocele repair and varicocele repair with EGF groups. EGF administration was performed daily by s.c. injection in the varicocele with EGF and varicocele repair with EGF groups at the dose of 10 μg/（kg·day） from the next day of the second surgery. One month later, all animals were killed and bilateral cauda epididymal sperm counts and motility were evaluated. Results： The mean sperm count and percentage of motile spermatozoa were significantly higher bilaterally in the varicocele with EGF group than in the varicocele group （P 〈 0.05）. They were also significantly higher bilaterally in the varicocele repair with EGF group than in the varicocele repair and the varicocele with EGF groups （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： EGF can improve bilateral epididymal sperm content and motility of the rat with surgically induced varicocele. The administration of EGF in combination with surgical repair is more effective than surgical repair or EGF administration alone. EGF might be useful for the treatment of infertility induced by varicocele.

温度对SUS410/BNi-2/Hastelloy X钎焊接头界面组织及力学性能的影响

目的针对汽封部件的高质量制造需求,系统研究了温度对SUS410/BNi-2/Hastelloy X钎焊接头微观组织及力学性能的影响。方法将以SUS410/BNi-2/Hastelloy X搭接结构装配的试样放入真空炉中在不同温度(1060~1140℃)下进行钎焊连接,利用SEM和EDS等手段分析钎料与母材之间的相互作用,测试接头的力学性能并分析接头断裂行为,研究温度对接头界面组织演化和力学性能的影响。结果钎缝主要由Ni(s,s)与Cr-B相组成,B元素扩散进入两侧母材,在晶界处聚集形成硼化物相。随着钎焊温度的升高,钎缝中富Cr的硼化物和浅灰色Ni(s,s)相消失,形成均匀的Ni(s,s)组织,两侧母材中B元素扩散深度增加。随着钎焊温度不断升高,钎焊接头的抗剪强度逐渐上升,上升到某一强度后,温度继续升高,但强度反而下降,断裂位置由钎缝中心先转移至Hastelloy X基体,随着温度继续升高,断裂位置又转移至SUS410扩散区。断裂形式由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂。结论采用BNi-2黏带钎料实现了SUS410与Hastelloy X合金的可靠连接,接头典型界面组织为SUS410/扩散区((Fe,Cr)+(Fe,Cr)-B)/钎缝区(Ni(s,s)+Cr-B+β_(1)-phases)/扩散区(γ-phase+(Cr,Ni)-B+(Cr,Ni,Mo)-B)/Hastelloy X;钎焊接头的最大抗剪强度为235.6 MPa(1100℃)。

Color Doppler ultrasound imaging in varicoceles: Is the difference in venous diameter encountered during Valsalva predictive of palpable varicocele grade?

Objective:The clinical grading system for varicoceles is subjective and dependent on clinician experience.Color Doppler ultrasound(US)has not been standardized in the diagnosis of varicoceles.We aimed to determine if US measurement of varicocele could be predictive of World Health Organization(WHO)varicocele grade.Methods:Men who presented for either scrotal pain or infertility to a tertiary men’s health clinic underwent physical examination,and varicoceles were graded following WHO criteria(0Zsubclinical,1,2,3).US was used to measure largest venous diameter in the pampiniform plexus bilaterally at rest and during Valsalva maneuver.Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was used to determine if resting diameter,diameter during Valsalva,or change in diameter between at rest and during Valsalva provided the highest sensitivity and specificity for determining clinical grade.Threshold values for diameter were determined from these receiver operator characteristic curves.Results:A total of 102 men(50 with clinical varicocele and 52 with subclinical varicocele)were included.Diameter at rest was the best ultrasonographic discriminator between subclinical and clinical varicoceles(area under the curve[AUC]Z0.67)with a diameter threshold of 3.0 mm(sensitivity 79%,specificity 42%).Diameter during Valsalva had the greatest AUC for determining clinical Grades 1 versus 2(AUCZ0.57)with diameter threshold of 5.7 mm(sensitivity 71%,specificity 33%).For differentiating between Grades 2 and 3,diameter at rest had the greatest AUC of 0.65 with a threshold of 3.6 mm(sensitivity 71%,specificity 58%).Conclusion:Our results corroborate other studies that have shown a weak correlation between US and clinical grading.The use of diameter during Valsalva was less predictive than diameter at rest and was only clinically significant in differentiating between Grade 1 and 2 varicocele.A standardized method for determining clinically relevant varicoceles on US would allow for improved patient counseling and clinical decision-making.

Pulsed current-assisted twelve-roll precision rolling deformation of SUS304 ultra-thin strips with exceptional mechanical properties

Innovative pulsed current-assisted multi-pass rolling tests were conducted on a 12-roll mill during the rolling deformation processing of SUS304 ultra-thin strips.The results show that in the first rolling pass,the rolling reduction rate of a conventionally rolled sample(at room temperature)is 33.8%,which can be increased to 41.5%by pulsed current-assisted rolling,enabling the formation of an ultra-thin strip with a size of 67.3μm in only one rolling pass.After three passes of pulsed current-assisted rolling,the thickness of the ultra-thin strip can be further reduced to 51.7μm.To clearly compare the effects of a pulsed current on the microstructure and mechanical response of the ultra-thin strip,ultra-thin strips with nearly the same thickness reduction were analyzed.It was found that pulsed current can reduce the degree of work-hardening of the rolled samples by promoting dislocation detachment,reducing the density of stacking faults,inhibiting martensitic phase transformation,and shortening the total length of grain boundaries.As a result,the ductility of ultra-thin strips can be effectively restored to approximately 16.3%while maintaining a high tensile strength of 1118 MPa.Therefore,pulsed current-assisted rolling deformation shows great potential for the formation of ultra-thin strips with a combination of high strength and ductility.

Varicocele and Spermogram Abnormality: About 264 Cases at the Fertilia Medical Clinic in Bamako

Aims: To determine the impact of varicocele on the result of the spermogram in a group of hypo-fertile or infertile men. Patients and Method: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study concerning 264 men collected between February 2020 and March 2022 at the Fertilia medical clinic in Bamako. The study population consisted of consenting male subjects presenting for infertility. All of our patients had already done a spermogram, they then benefited from a scrotal Doppler ultrasound. The scrotal echo-doppler was completed by an abdominal and pelvic echography in search of a possible etiology, in particular a renal cancer, a thrombosis of the renal or spermatic vein, a retroperitoneal mass or a nutcraker syndrome. Testicular volume was measured on ultrasound according to Lambert’s formula (length × width × height × 0.71). A volume = 16 ml was considered normal. Results: 264 patients were recruited in ours. The average age was 33 years with extremes ranging from 25 to 65 years. 149 patients or 56.44% were between 30 and 45 years old. 213 patients or 80.68% had primary infertility. All the patients, i.e. 100%, had a sperm anomaly and dilation of the pampiniform plexus veins. The most common sperm abnormalities were oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, which concerned 214 patients, or 81%, followed by azoospermia (40 patients, or 15%) and oligospermia (10 patients, or 4%). 213 patients or 80.68% had a Hirshen grade II varicocele, 45 patients or 17% had grade I and 06 patients or 2.27% had grade III. Among the 6 patients, 04 had left testicular atrophy and 2 bilateral atrophy. The venous reflux was more accentuated on the left than on the right. Conclusion: Varicocele is significantly found in men with infertility. Sperm alterations concern both the concentration of spermatozoa, their mobility and their vitality. Even if the mechanism of alteration of the sperm parameters is not well elucidated, our study made it possible to make the link between the dilation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus and the sperm abnormalities mentioned above. It should be recognized that varicocelectomy has allowed a significant improvement in the quality of sperm with the obtaining of a certain number of natural pregnancies and those resulting from medically assisted procreation.

SU电器产品的差异化营销策略研究

文章围绕SU电器平台展开差异化营销策略优化探讨,通过深入分析SU电器平台的市场定位和发展现状,提出了针对性优化建议。SU电器应充分利用自身资源优势,通过提升产品品质和服务水平,加强品牌宣传和推广,探索多元化的渠道拓展方式,以形成规模效应,提升市场竞争力。同时,SU电器还应注重市场变化和消费者需求的变化,持续优化营销策略,实现可持续发展。

SUS321不锈钢表面Cr/CrN涂层的制备与抗氧化及耐腐蚀研究

采用磁控溅射技术,在SUS321不锈钢表面制备Cr/Cr N涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及分析天平等分别表征样品高温氧化及酸性盐雾腐蚀实验后的微结构及增重。结果表明,当磁控溅射气体分压比为P_(Ar)/P_(N_(2))=3∶1的涂层样品抗氧化性能及耐腐蚀性能最佳。在此基础上通过循环沉积制备了多层Cr/CrN涂层,6周期涂层样品在600℃氧化200 h后的单位面积增重为3.599 g/m^(2),表面氧化膜致密,没有出现剥落现象;6周期的涂层样品在酸性盐雾环境中能够保持480 h表面无变化,在放置500 h后边缘部位才开始出现轻微锈迹。固定磁控溅射气体分压比为P_(Ar)/P_(N_(2))=3∶1时,制备的6周期Cr/CrN多层膜涂层具有最佳的抗氧化及耐酸性盐雾腐蚀性能。

从小米SU7爆火看雷军十八般营销武艺

近日,小米汽车SU7重磅发布,根据小米汽车官方信息,4分钟内完成大定10000辆,27分钟实现50000辆,24小时达88898辆。小米汽车旗开得胜,它像鲶鱼一样,无形中搅动了新能源汽车市场。雷军的营销能力有目共睹,这一仗让他再创辉煌。小米汽车面世用到了18个经典营销原理,其具体做法对营销人员具有借鉴意义。

SuperPATH入路与MDAA入路在老年患者髋关节置换术中的应用价值

【目的】探讨改良直接前方入路(MDAA)与SuperPATH入路在老年患者髋关节置换术中的应用价值。【方法】选取2020年7月至2023年7月在河南省洛阳正骨医院(河南省骨科医院)行髋关节置换术的104例老年患者,根据治疗方法不同分为观察组(采用SuperPATH入路髋关节置换术,n=54)和对照组(采用MDAA入路髋关节置换术,n=50)。比较两组手术相关指标、Harris髋关节功能评分、患侧髋臼杯前倾角和外展角、疼痛程度评分、并发症发生率及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、醛固酮(ALD)水平。【结果】观察组患者手术时间及术后首次下床活动时间均短于对照组(P<0.05),术中切口长度短于对照组(P<0.05)。术后1周、术后1个月,观察组髋关节功能评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后1个月,观察组患侧髋臼杯外展角小于对照组(P<0.05)。术后1周,观察组疼痛程度评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后24 h,两组IL-6、NE、ALD均升高,但观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组股外侧皮神经损伤发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】MDAA入路与SuperPATH入路应用于老年患者髋关节置换术中,可促进患者髋关节功能恢复,安全性均良好,但SuperPATH入路术式,可缩短术中切口长度,缩小术后患侧髋臼外展角,提升术后髋关节功能,减轻患者术后疼痛。

Smoking, ACP₁and Infertility in Subjects with Varicocele

Several studies suggest that smoking may have detrimental effect on seminal parameters and that genetic polymorphisms may influence this effect. In the present paper we have examined the relationship between ACP1 genotypes and the association of smoking and infertility in a sample of men with varicocele. 126 subjects with varicocele were studied. ACP1 genotype was determined by DNA analysis and statistical analyses were performed by SPSS software. In general there is a protective action of low activity *A/*B genotype against infertility that is much more marked in smokers than in non-smokers. If confirmed in other clinical settings, determinations of ACP1 genotype could have practical importance to evaluate the risk of infertility in smokers with varicocele.

厚壁SUS321焊接工艺研究

SUS321是含有稳定化元素Ti的奥氏体型不锈钢,在锅炉和石化容器产品中有着广泛应用。厚壁SUS321在应用中较为少见,其埋弧焊焊接工艺的应用及厚壁条件下的试板成形需要经过验证,其各项性能也需得到保证。通过焊接工艺试验,对厚壁SUS321不锈钢试板进行工艺性检验,并对试板进行力学性能、微观组织等检验。最终证明用于厚壁SUS321国产埋弧焊焊丝工艺性良好,各项性能均满足使用要求。

SUS430LX冷弯裂纹缺陷分析与控制

冷弯开裂是一种材料加工性能类缺陷,针对SUS430LX冷弯开裂缺陷,采用扫描电镜和能谱分析检测了冷弯部位及基体析出相情况。从检测分析结果来看,析出相是引起冷弯开裂的主要原因。围绕断面不同位置析出相的特点,对影响析出相尺寸、数量及类型的主要因素进行了讨论,并提出优化方向。