Serum vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and adropin levels in age-related macular degeneration

AIM： To investigate the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2（VEGFR-2） and adropin in age-related macular degeneration（AMD）patients.·METHODS： Ninety-eight AMD patients were included in the study. Seventy-eight age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group.Fundus florescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed to assess the posterior segment details. Serum VEGFR-2 and adropin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and compared between the study groups.· RESULTS： AMD group had significantly increased foveal retinal thickness, serum LDL and HDL levels and significantly decreased subfoveal choroidal thickness（P =0.01, 0.047, 0.025 and 〈0.001, respectively）. Serum VEGFR-2level revealed a significant decrease in AMD patients compared to controls（26.48 ±6.44 vs 30.42 ±7.92 ng/m L,P 〈0.001）. There was an insignificant increase in serum adropin level in AMD patients（6.17±3.19 vs 5.79±2.71 ng/m L,P =0.4）. Serum level of VEGFR-2 in AMD patients had a significant negative correlation with foveal retinal thickness（r =-0.226, P =0.025） and a significant positive correlation with subfoveal choroidal thickness（r=0.2, P=0.048）.·CONCLUSION： The current study demonstrated that the decreased serum VEGFR-2 level may be considered in the development of AMD. Adropin does not seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of AMD.

Emodin suppresses alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation and neovascularization by the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of emodin on alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation and neovascularization.METHODS:The ability of emodin to target vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2)was predicted by molecular docking.The effects of emodin on the invasion,migration,and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)were determined by cell counting kit-8,Transwell,and tube formation assays.Analysis of apoptosis was performed by flow cytometry.CD31 levels were examined by immunofluorescence.The abundance and phosphorylation state of VEGFR2,protein kinase B(Akt),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),and P38 were examined by immunoblot analysis.Corneal alkali burn was performed on 40 mice.Animals were divided randomly into two groups,and the alkali-burned eyes were then treated with drops of either 10μM emodin or phosphate buffered saline(PBS)four times a day.Slitlamp microscopy was used to evaluate inflammation and corneal neovascularization(CNV)in all eyes on Days 0,7,10,and 14.The mice were killed humanely 14 d after the alkali burn,and their corneas were removed and preserved at-80℃ until histological study or protein extraction.RESULTS:Molecular docking confirmed that emodin was able to target VEGFR2.The findings revealed that emodin decreased the invasion,migration,angiogenesis,and proliferation of HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner.In mice,emodin suppressed corneal inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibited the development of corneal neovascularization induced by alkali burn.Compared to those of the PBS-treated group,lower VEGFR2 expression and CD31 levels were found in the emodintreated group.Emodin dramatically decreased the expression of VEGFR2,p-VEGFR2,p-Akt,p-STAT3,and p-P38 in VEGF-treated HUVEC.CONCLUSION:This study provides a new avenue for evaluating the molecular mechanisms underlying corneal inflammation and neovascularization.Emodin might be a promising new therapeutic option for corneal alkali burns.

Effects of endostatin on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors and neovascularization in colonic carcinoma implanted in nude mice

AIM:To investigate the antiangiogenic effects of endostatin on colonic carcinoma cell line implanted in nude mice and its mechanism. METHODS:Nude mice underwent subcutaneous injection with LS-174t colonic carcinoma cell line to generate carcinoma and were randomly separated into two groups.Mice received injection of vehicle or endostatin every day for two weeks. After the tumor was harvested,the tumor volumes were determined,and the expressions of CD34,VEGF and FIk-1 were examined by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS:Tumor volume was significantly inhibited in the endostatin group(84.17%)and tumor weight was significantly inhibited in the endostatin group(0.197±0.049) compared to the control group(1.198±0.105)(F=22.56, P=0.001),microvessel density(MVD)was significantly decreased in the treated group(31.857±3.515)compared to the control group(100.143±4.290)(F=151.62,P<0.001). Furthermore,the expression of FIk-1 was significantly inhibited in the treated group(34.29%) ompared to the control group(8.57%)(X^2=13.745,P=0.001).However no significant decrease was observed in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)between these two groups(X^2=0.119,P=0.730). CONCLUSION:Endostatin can inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis by blocking Vegf/FIk-1 pathway.This experiment provides the theory basis for developing a new anti-carcinoma drug through studying the properties of anti-angiogenesis inhibitors.

rhBMP-2体外诱导骨质疏松大鼠BMSCs成骨及VEGF表达的研究

目的 :观察骨形态发生蛋白-2对骨质疏松时骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)体外成骨及成骨因子VEGF表达的影响,为骨质疏松证的防治提供新的方法。方法:将20只6月龄,体重(300±20)g雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除,术后3个月利用双能X线骨密度仪测量大鼠全身骨密度并与术前比较,确保造模成功,并运用全骨髓贴壁法培养骨质疏松大鼠BMSCs,倒置相差显微镜下观察BMSCs形态。随机把骨质疏松大鼠BMSCs第2代(p2)细胞分成实验组和对照组,分别加入完全培养基(含rh BMP-2)、成骨诱导液进行成骨诱导。2周后茜素红染色法检测各组细胞钙结节的形成,酶标仪测定碱性磷酸酶活性及RT-PCR法检测VEGF的表达量。结果:(1)大鼠全身骨密度:手术前后大鼠全身骨密度分别为(0.179±0.007),(0.158±0.006)g/cm2,差异有统计学意义(t=4.180,P<0.05)。(2)茜素红染色:BMSCs(P2)成骨诱导2周后实验组染色效果明显强与对照组。(3)碱性磷酸酶活性:BMSCs(P2)成骨诱导2周后碱性磷酸酶活性实验组明显高于对照组,分别为(15.62±1.27),(8.62±0.93)μg/prot,差异有统计学意义(t=7.709,P<0.01)。(4)BMSCs(P2)成骨诱导2周后VEGF表达:实验组明显高于对照组,分别为3.723±0.143,0.950±0.072,差异有统计学意义(t=29.462,P<0.01)。结论 :rh BMP-2能提高去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠BMSCs的体外成骨能力,可促进成骨因子VEGF的表达,调控VEGF的表达可能是骨形态发生蛋白-2参与骨代谢的机制之一。

乳腺癌组织中HER-2、VEGF和Ki67的表达及临床意义

目的探讨人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和Ki67在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理因素的关系。方法采用免疫组化法检测49例乳腺癌患者组织中HER-2、VEGF和Ki67的表达。结果 HER-2、VEGF和Ki67在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为36.7%、69.4%、79.6%;HER-2在乳腺癌组织学分级和淋巴结转移中的表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);VEGF在乳腺癌淋巴结转移中的表达有显著差异(P<0.05);Ki67表达在乳腺癌组织学分级中的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HER-2、VEGF和Ki67与乳腺癌的发生、发展密切相关,联合检测可作为判定乳腺癌预后的评估指标。

TFF2在胃癌、癌旁及正常胃黏膜组织中的表达及其与血管生成的关系

目的:探讨三叶因子2(TFF2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和微血管密度(MVD)在胃癌发生、发展、浸润和转移中的作用.方法:选取广西医科大学第一附属医院2008-01/2009-06接受胃大部切除术的胃癌标本50例,采用SP免疫组织化学方法检测30例正常胃黏膜组织、50例癌旁组织和50例胃癌组织中TFF2、VEGF和MVD的表达情况.结果:正常胃黏膜组织→癌旁组织→胃癌组织中,TFF2表达呈逐渐减弱趋势(165.80±16.42,184.44±19.02,206.79±17.62,均P<0.01),TFF2的表达与肿瘤的分化程度和淋巴结转移有关(均P<0.01),而VEGF的表达和MVD值呈逐渐上升趋势(36.7%,42.0%,72.6%;26.35±4.54,30.78±5.64,40.13±6.92,均P<0.01),两者表达与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关(均P<0.01).TFF2与MVD的表达呈负相关(r=-0.781,P<0.01).结论:TFF2作为一种胃癌的抑制因子,在胃癌发展过程中表达逐渐减弱,对胃癌的抑制作用降低,同时一些促进肿瘤浸润转移的因子如VEGF、MVD表达水平逐渐增强,促进了肿瘤的发展转移.

血管内皮生长因子-C和环氧合酶-2表达与口腔鳞癌淋巴结转移的关系

目的研究环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)在口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)中的表达及相关性,探讨其与肿瘤淋巴转移的关系。方法采用免疫组化S-P法检测60例OSCC、23例癌前病变、19例良性病变中COX-2、VEGF-C,结合临床病理因素进行分析。结果OSCC中VEGF-C和COX-2表达明显高于口腔癌前病变和良性病变(P<0.05)。OSCC中VEGF-C蛋白表达与淋巴结转移有明显关系(P<0.01);COX-2表达与淋巴结转移、临床分期明显相关(P<0.05),而与患者年龄、性别、部位、组织学分级无关。VEGF-C和COX-2的表达呈正相关(r=0.519,P<0.01)。结论COX-2可能参与VEGF-C淋巴管生成通路,在OSCC淋巴结转移中发挥重要作用。

具有血管内皮细胞生长因子受体-2酪氨酸激酶抑制作用的链霉菌次生代谢产物2754R的研究

目的分离鉴定链霉菌I06A-02754发酵液中具血管内皮生长因子受体-2酪氨酸激酶(VEGFR2-CD)抑制活性的强极性次生代谢产物。方法采用大孔吸附树脂、阴离子交换树脂、MPLC、HPLC等分离手段对次生代谢产物进行分离纯化;通过UV、IR、HR-ESI质谱、1D-NMR和2D-NMR对其结构进行鉴定,以ELISA法检测其次生代谢产物对VEGFR2-CD的抑制活性;以MTT法检测化合物对肿瘤细胞的抑制活性。结果从发酵液的水溶性部分分离得到一个极性较大的胡桃霉素类次生代谢产物——2754R;其化学结构与胡桃霉素D一致,对VEGFR2-CD表现出一定的抑制活性;MTT实验显示化合物2754R对HepG2细胞、MCF-7细胞和BEL-7402细胞没有明显的抑制活性(IC50>10μmol/L)。结论化合物2754R是具有VEGFR2-CD活性的胡桃霉素类次生代谢产物。

Id2和VEGF的表达与食管鳞癌临床病理特征的关系研究

目的探讨细胞分化/DNA结合抑制因子2(Id2)与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在食管鳞癌(ESCC)组织中的表达情况及与临床病理特征的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学SP法检测72例食管鳞癌患者癌组织和30例正常食管黏膜组织中Id2和VEGF的表达水平,并分析二者表达水平与ESCC临床病理特征的关系。结果食管鳞癌组织中Id2和VEGF的阳性表达率均显著高于正常食管黏膜组织(P均<0.05);随着浸润深度加深及TNM分期增高,Id2和VEGF阳性表达率增高(P均<0.05),且有淋巴结转移者VEGF阳性表达率显著高于无淋巴结转移者(P<0.05);Id2和VEGF在食管鳞癌组织的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.311,P<0.05)。结论 Id2与VEGF在食管鳞癌的血管形成和浸润进展中可能起着协同促进作用。

c-erbB-2、VEGF-c及激素受体在乳腺癌中的表达

目的 :探讨 c- erb B- 2、VEGF- c、ER、PR在乳腺癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征之间的关系。方法 :采用PV- 90 0 0二步法分别检测 12 8例乳腺癌、2 5例乳腺良性病变中 c- erb B- 2、VEGF- c、ER、PR的表达。结果 :c- erb B- 2、VEGF- c、ER、PR的表达在乳腺良、恶性病变之间均有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1) ,c- erb B- 2、VEGF- c的表达与乳腺癌淋巴结转移密切相关 (P<0 .0 1) ;ER、PR与 c- erb B- 2、VEGF- c的表达呈负相关 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;四种蛋白的表达均与乳腺癌发病年龄、肿瘤大小、是否浸润无关 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :c- erb B- 2、VEGF- c的过度表达预示着乳腺癌具有较强的转移能力 ,二种蛋白可能在乳腺癌的浸润转移过程中起协同作用。联合检测 c- erb B- 2、VEGF- c、ER、PR对预测乳腺癌的淋巴结转移、判断预后、指导临床治疗具有十分重要的意义。

BMP-2在肝细胞癌中表达及与肿瘤血管生成的关系

目的研究骨形成蛋白2(bone morphogenetic protein 2,BMP-2)在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织的表达情况及与肿瘤血管生成的关系.方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测BMP-2在40例HCC组织及40例癌旁组织的表达,分析其与临床病理特征之间的关系,CD34染色标记肿瘤微血管密度(microvascular density,MVD).结果免疫组织化学显示,HCC组织中的BMP-2和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达与癌旁组织中比较,阳性率显著增加(75%vs 40%;80.0%vs42.5%,P<0.05),并且BMP-2与VEGF蛋白表达与HCC包膜完整、结节、门静脉癌栓、TNM分期、细胞分化有关,而与患者的年龄、性别、血清AFP、肝硬化无关.根据Spearman相关性分析,BMP-2与VEGF蛋白表达呈正相关(r=7.316,P=0.0068),提示BMP-2参与到肿瘤血管生成过程.HCC组织血管生成活跃(55%vs 15%,P<0.05),血管生成与BMP-2表达有关.结论 HCC中BMP-2高表达在肿瘤血管生成中有重要的作用.

携抗VEGFR2抗体PLGA靶向超声造影剂的制备及体外寻靶实验

目的制备携抗血管内皮细胞生长因子受体2(VEGFR2)抗体聚乳酸羟基乙酸(PLGA)靶向超声造影剂,并考察其体外寻靶能力与超声显像性能。方法通过改进的双乳化溶剂挥发法制备高分子材料PLGA纳米粒子,利用扫描电子显微镜对其一般特性进行表征,并进一步用碳二亚胺法将造影剂与抗VEGFR2抗体耦联制备靶向超声造影剂,使用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对其体外寻靶能力进行初步评估,使用高频超声诊断仪观察体外显像效果。结果 PLGA超声造影剂粒子呈规则球形、大小均一、分散性好;在体外寻靶实验中,携抗VEGFR2抗体PLGA靶向造影剂能够较多并牢固的聚集到血管肉瘤内皮细胞(SVR)表面;体外超声成像实验中,携抗VEGFR2抗体PLGA靶向超声造影剂呈点状细密高回声,后方回声无衰减。结论本研究成功制备携抗VEGFR2抗体PLGA靶向超声造影剂,能够在体外与VEGFR2高表达的血管肉瘤内皮细胞特异性靶向结合,且体外超声显像效果良好。

非小细胞肺癌患者血清HIF-1α、MMP-2和VEGF的检测及其与临床特征的关系

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌患者血清低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的浓度及其与临床特征的关系。方法收集经病理确诊的非小细胞肺癌患者78例以及健康对照49例,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测2组血清HIF-1α、MMP-2、VEGF浓度并进行相关性分析。分析非小细胞肺癌患者血清HIF-1α、MMP-2及VEGF浓度与肿瘤不同临床分期及病理特征的关系。结果 (1)非小细胞肺癌患者血清HIF-1α、MMP-2、VEGF浓度显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05),(2)血清HIF-1α、MMP-2和VEGF浓度与肿瘤大小,淋巴结转移及肿瘤分期有关(均P<0.05),与病理分型无明显相关(P>0.05)。(3)行Pearson相关性分析HIF-1α与MMP-2呈正相关(r=0.721,P=0.000),HIF-1α与VEGF呈正相关(r=0.765,P=0.000),MMP-2与VEGF呈正相关(r=0.583,P=0.000)。结论血清HIF-1α、MMP-2、VEGF浓度与肿瘤恶性程度相关,有可能作为判断非小细胞肺癌恶性潜能及不良预后的评估指标。

Protective effects of a novel drug RC28-E blocking both VEGF and FGF2 on early diabetic rat retina

AIM： To investigate protective effects of a novel recombinant decoy receptor drug RC28-E on retinal damage in early diabetic rats. METHODS： The streptozotocin （STZ）-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into 6 groups： diabetes mellitus （DM） group （saline, 3 μL/eye）; RC28-E at low （0.33 μg/μL, 3 μL）, medium （1 μg/μL, 3 μL）, and high （3 μg/μL, 3 μL） dose groups; vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） Trap group （1 μg/μL, 3 μL）; fibroblast growth factor （FGF） Trap group （1 μg/μL, 3 μL）. Normal control group was included. At week 1 and 4 following diabetic induction, the rats were intravitreally injected with the corresponding solutions. At week 6 following the induction, apoptosis in retinal vessels was detected by TUNEL staining. Glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） expression was examined by immunofluorescence. Blood-retinal barrier （BRB） breakdown was assessed by Evans blue assay. Ultrastructural changes in choroidal and retinal vessels were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Content of VEGF and FGF proteins in retina was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The retinal expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, VEGF and FGF genes was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qPCR）. RESULTS： TUNEL staining showed that the aberrantly increased apoptotic cells death in diabetic retinal vascular network was significantly reduced by treatments of medium and high dose RC28-E, VEGF Trap, and FGF Trap （all P〈0.05）, the effects of medium and high dose RC28-E or FGF Trap were greater than VEGF Trap （P〈0.01）. GFAP staining suggested that reactive gliosis was substantially inhibited in all RC28-E and VEGF Trap groups, but the inhibition in FGF Trap group was not as prominent. Evans blue assay demonstrated that only high dose RC28-E could significantly reduce vascular leakage in early diabetic retina （P〈0.01）. TEM revealed that the ultrastructures in choroidal and retinal vessels were damaged in early diabetic retina, which was ameliorated to differential extents by each drug. The expression of VEGF and FGF2 proteins was significantly upregulated in early diabetic retina, and normalized by RC28-E at all dosages and by the corresponding Traps. The upregulation of ICAM-1 and TNF-α in diabetic retina was substantially suppressed by RC28-E and positive control drugs. CONCLUSION： Dual blockade of VEGF and FGF2 by RC28-E generates remarkable protective effects, including anti-apoptosis, anti-gliosis, anti-leakage, and improving ultrastructures and proinflammatory microenvironment, in early diabetic retina, thereby supporting further development of RC28-E into a novel and effective drug to diabetic retinopathy （DR）.

Vitamin D-Binding Protein is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia by Inhibiting the Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 in Endothelial Cells

Objective::The role of Vitamin D-binding protein(DBP)in preeclampsia(PE)pathogenesis is unknown.In this study,we compared the expression of DBP in the placentas of PE patients with the placentas of normotensive pregnant women with placenta previa controls,and aimed to explore the effect of DBP on endothelial cells(ECs)and the underlying mechanism.Methods::DBP expression in placental tissues collected from PE patients and controls was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.The downregulation and upregulation of DBP expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells were examined using DBP-targeting small interfering RNA(siRNA)and DBP-expression vector,respectively.The conditioned media of these DBP-overexpressing and DBP-siRNA HTR-8/SVneo cells were collected and added to human umbilical vein EC(HUVEC)cultures.Angiogenic effects on HUVECs were assessed by tube formation assays,and the proliferation and migration of HUVECs were examined using the Real-Time Cell Analyzer.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and VEGF receptor(VEGFR)-2,as well as the phosphorylation of different residues of VEGFR-2 in HUVECs,were determined by western blotting.Results::DBP expression was significantly increased in the placental tissues collected from PE patients.The conditioned medium of DBP-overexpressing HTR-8/SVneo cells potently inhibited tube formation by HUVECs,in addition to their proliferation and migration.Furthermore,treatment of HUVECs with the conditioned medium of DBP-overexpressing HTR-8/SVneo cells decreased the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 at tyrosine 996,whereas the treatment of these cells with the conditioned medium of DBP-siRNA HTR-8/SVneo cells increased the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 at tyrosine 951,996,and 1,175.Conclusions::The expression of DBP is increased in the placentas of PE patients.DBP plays potential roles in endothelial dysfunction,which contributes to PE development,by inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in ECs.

Effects of Huatan Tongluo decoction on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression in synovial tissues of rats with collagen-induced arthritis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of Huatan Tongluo decoction on rats with collagen-induced arthritis.METHODS: Forty specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were selected, and 10 were randomly selected as the control(group 1). The remaining rats were injected intradermally with emulsified type Ⅱ bovine collagen at the tail base and back, followed by a booster 7 d post first immunization. After establishing collagen-induced arthritis(CIA), rats were randomly divided into three groups(n = 10). The rats were treated orally for 30 d as follows: group 1, saline; group 2, model(saline); group 3, tripterygium polyglycoside(TP; 7.81 mg/kg, positive control);group 4, Huatan Tongluo decoction(HTTL; 7.5 g/kg). Body weight, ankle swelling and arthritis index were measured over the course of the study. The rats were sacrificed 30 d after treatment. Morphological changes in the synovium were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Pannus formation and synovial thickness in the left ankle were observed by color Doppler ultrasoundVascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and VEGFR2 protein levels were measured by immunohistochemistry.VEGF/VEGFR2 mRNA levels were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: Compared with the model group, a significantly lower arthritis index was observed in the positive control group(P < 0.05) and HTTL group(P < 0.01), after treatment. Both positive control and HTTL reduced intra-articular pannus formation and synovial thickening. Furthermore, VEGF mRNA,and VEGFR2 protein and mRNA levels were significantly downregulated(P < 0.05) in the treatment groups.CONCLUSION: Inhibition of the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 in synovial tissues and the formation of pannus and synovial hyperplasia may be part of the mechanism of HTTL for relieving the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in CIA rats.

Impact of type 2 diabetes on the plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and its soluble receptors type 1 and type 2 in patients with peripheral arterial disease

Objective： Type 2 diabetes coexistent with lower extremity artery disease （peripheral arterial disease （PAD）） can be observed in numerous patients. The mechanism compensating for ischemia and contributing to healing is angiogenesis-the process of forming new blood vessels. The purpose of this study was to assess the likely impact of type 2 diabetes on the plasma levels of proangiogenic factor （vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A）） and angiogenesis inhibitors （soluble VEGF receptors type 1 and type 2 （sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2）） in patients with PAD. Methods： Among 46 patients with PAD under pharmacological therapy （non-invasive）, we identified, based on medical history, a subgroup with coexistent type 2 diabetes （PAD-DM2＋, n=15） and without diabetes （PAD-DM2-, n=31）. The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects. Plasma levels of VEGF-A, sVEGFR-1, and sVEGFR-2 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method. Results： The subgroups of PAD-DM2＋ and PAD-DM2- revealed significantly higher concentrations of VEGF-A （P=-0.000007 and P=0.0000001, respectively） and significantly lower sVEGFR-2 levels （P=-0.02 and P=-0.00001, respectively）, when compared with the control group. Patients with PAD and coexistent diabetes tended to have a lower level of VEGF-A and higher levels of sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2 comparable with non-diabetic patients. Conclusions： The coexistence of type 2 diabetes and PAD is demonstrated by a tendency to a lower plasma level of proangiogenic factor （VEGF-A） and higher levels of anglogenesis inhibitors （sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2） at the same time. Regardless of the coexistence of type 2 diabetes, hypoxia appears to be a crucial factor stimulating the processes of angiogenesis in PAD patients comparable with healthy individuals, whereas hyperglycemia may have a negative impact on angiogenesis in lower limbs.

Expression and significance of the vascular permeability factor in nasal polyps

目的探讨血管通透性因子(vascular permeability factor, VPF)在鼻息肉组织中的表达及意义.方法将9例鼻息肉标本及8例下鼻甲粘膜标本行VPF及其受体flk-1的免疫组化染色,光镜观查.结果 VPF在鼻息肉组织的血管内皮细胞和腺体细胞的表达明显高于下鼻甲组织(P<0.01,P<0.05),flk-1在血管内皮细胞的表达明显高于下鼻甲组织(P<0.01).结论 VPF对鼻息肉发生过程中组织极度水肿的产生可能有非常重要的作用.

藤黄酸对人结肠癌SW480细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长及血管生成的影响

目的探讨藤黄酸对人结肠癌SW480细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长和肿瘤血管生成的抑制作用及藤黄酸对血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR2)表达的影响,初步探讨藤黄酸抗结直肠癌的作用机制。方法建立人结肠癌SW480细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,15 d后开始用不同浓度藤黄酸治疗,28 d后处死,测定裸鼠移植瘤的体积和质量,计算其抑瘤率;HE染色观察肿瘤坏死、微血管形态的变化;提取组织中总RNA和蛋白,RT-PCR检测肿瘤组织中VEGFR2 mRNA水平,免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤组织中VEGFR2蛋白表达水平和肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)。结果 (1)对照组,藤黄酸低、中、高剂量组移植瘤体积分别为(691±67.2)、(481±62.9)、(377±37.0)、(190±67.9)mm3,瘤质量分别为(0.681±0.072)、(0.473±0.062)、(0.377±0.044)、(0.192±0.068)g,藤黄酸低、中、高剂量组瘤体积、瘤质量均低于对照组(均P<0.05);藤黄酸低、中、高剂量组抑瘤率分别为31%、45%、72%;(2)HE染色可见藤黄酸组肿瘤组织出现凝固性坏死,肿瘤新生血管闭锁;(3)与对照组相比,藤黄酸组VEGFR2 mRNA表达丰度和蛋白水平明显降低,并呈显著量效关系;(4)对照组MVD明显高于藤黄酸组(P<0.05)。结论藤黄酸能够抑制人结肠癌SW480细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长,能抑制结肠癌移植瘤内新生血管内皮细胞的生长,其机制可能与抑制VEGFR2的表达有关。

通过阻断花生四烯酸代谢途径抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖

目的:探讨通过阻断花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA)代谢途径抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖.方法:将胰腺癌细胞SW1990分为对照组,M K886干预组、塞莱昔布(C e l e c o x i b)干预组,MK886+Celecoxib干预组,用RT-PCR法检测细胞白三烯B4受体1(leukotriene B4receptor 1,BLT1)mRNA,血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)mRNA的表达量变化,用Western blot检测磷酸化-Erk(phosphorylated-extracellular regulated protein,p-Erk)表达量变化.结果:MK886作用下,BLT1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA等表达量均减少(P<0.01),p-Erk表达量明显减少(P<0.05),Celecoxib作用下,VEGF mRNA表达量明显减少(P<0.01),BLT1 mRNA表达与对照组无明显差异,p-Erk表达量与MK886组比较明显增加(P<0.01),MK886+80?mol/L Celecoxib作用下,BLT1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA表达量明显减少(P<0.01),p-Erk表达量与对照组无明显差异.结论:花生四烯酸的两条代谢途径均与胰腺癌的发生及增殖均有密切关系,而抑制5-脂氧合酶(5-lipoxygenase)途径较环氧化酶2(cyclooxygenase 2)途径相比,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖作用更强.