Cardiovascular disease(CVD) is a prevalent condition in general population and the first cause of death overall. Klotho, a pleiotropic protein related to longevity that acts as a co-receptor of the fibroblast growth f...Cardiovascular disease(CVD) is a prevalent condition in general population and the first cause of death overall. Klotho, a pleiotropic protein related to longevity that acts as a co-receptor of the fibroblast growth factor 23, has been proposed as a key regulator of the development of CVD. In the few clinical studies made, it has been observed a relationship between low levels of soluble Klotho and the occurrence and severity of CVD, as well as a reduction of cardiovascular risk when they are high. Also, different polymorphisms of human Klotho gene have been related to the incidence of cardiovascular events. Moreover, several experimental studies indicate that this protein acts in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Klotho improves endothelial dysfunction through promotion of NO production and mediates antiinflammatory and anti-aging effects such as suppression of adhesion molecules expression, attenuation of nuclear factor-kappa B or inhibition of Wnt signaling. Furthermore,this protein is related to the attenuation of vascular calcification as well as prevention of cardiac hypertrophy. The expression of this protein in the vascular wall implies a new scenario for the treatment of vascular disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the relationship between the Klotho protein and CVD, in addition to its role in the maintenance of functional vascular integrity.展开更多
It is well established in experimental animals and Humans that endothelial cells,which cover the luminal surface of all blood vessels,have a pivotal role in the control of vascular homeostasis.The protective effect of...It is well established in experimental animals and Humans that endothelial cells,which cover the luminal surface of all blood vessels,have a pivotal role in the control of vascular homeostasis.The protective effect of endothelial cells is mostly due to their ability to respond to circulating hormones,autacoids,blood-and platelet-derived factors,and also to blood flow by inducing potent vasoprotectivemechanismsincluding predominantlythe formation of nitric oxide(NO),and,often also to some extent,endothelium-derived hyperpolarization,and prostacyclin(PGI2).Besides being a potent vasodilator,NO also effectively prevents platelet activation and has anti-thrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic properties.An endothelial dysfunction characterized by a reduced generation of these endothelium-dependent vasodilator mechanisms associated with vascular oxidative stress and the formation of endothelium-derived contracting factors such as contractile prostanoids is often observed in most types of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension,hypercho⁃lesterolemia,diabetes,and also during physiological ageing in both experimental animals and Humans.Nutrition-derived polyphenols such as those from grapes,tea,cocoa,and berries have been shown to stimulate the endothelial formation of NO by activating the Src/PI3-kinase/Akt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase(eNOS)and to enhance eNOS expression.As a consequence,the active polyphenols will promote a sustained forma⁃tion of NO that contributes to protect the vascular system.Polyphenol-rich products have also been shown to improve an established endothelial dysfunction and to delay the onset of the induction of an endothelial dysfunction in several experimental models of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and in ageing.Moreover,endothelial senescence characterized by cell cycle arrest and the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherothrombotic phenotype has been identified as an early event promotingthe development of endothelial dysfunc⁃tion.Premature endothelial senescence appears to affect,in particular,arterial sites at risk such as curvatures and bifur⁃cations that are characterized by disturbed flow and low shear stress.The pro-senescent process can be further increased in the presence of a high concentration of glucose,oxidized LDL,and angiotensinⅡ.Anthocyanin-rich products have been shown to accumulate preferentially in senescent endothelial cells,to reduce the expression of cell cycle regulators such as p16,p21 and p53,and to improve the endothelial function.The protective effect is mostly due to their ability to reduce vascular oxidative stress by inhibiting the overexpression of NADPH oxidase and the local angiotensin system.Thus,nutrition-derived polyphenols may be an interesting approach to delay the onset of risk factor-and ageing-related endothelial senescence and dysfunction and,hence,to promote vascular health.展开更多
Background: Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm can be treated with two different surgical methods: Open repair (OR) or Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR). These two different treatments can probably result in diff...Background: Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm can be treated with two different surgical methods: Open repair (OR) or Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR). These two different treatments can probably result in different sense of Health related Quality of life, both in a short term and a long term perspective. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine patients’ Health related Quality of life after surgical treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm over two years using different instruments for the observations. Methods: Patients were invited consecutively to answer questionnaires before operation, and 1, 12 and 24 months after surgery. The study was conducted by using the Health related Quality of life questionnaires Short Form (SF-36) and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). 76 patient (40 in the OR and 36 in the EVAR group) participated in the study. The mean age in the OR group were 68 years, range 52 - 80 and in the EVAR group 75 years, range 65 - 85. The results from these two groups of patients were compared to a matched reference group. Results: Patients treated with EVAR rated their Health related Quality of life significantly lower in the domain of Mental Health and Mental Component Score in relation to a matched reference population before surgery. This difference was not present two years after intervention. After one month Health related qualities of life were worse for the OR group. After two years significant improvements in relation to baseline were observed only among patients in the OR group. No such long-term benefits were seen in the EVAR group. Conclusions: As the component mental health seemed to be impaired for these study group before surgery in relation to the matched reference group, nursing and doctors care actions may be of importance during the pre-operative phase. In the short perspective Health related Quality of life is worse for OR patients than the EVAR group but in the long term perspective improvements beyond preoperative status can only be seen with OR patients.展开更多
背景:临床上血管支架的使用涉及高昂的医疗费用,但同时也可能在减少患者心血管事件、改善生活质量等方面带来长期的效益,而经济学评估可以帮助决策者更好地理解治疗方法的成本与效益之间的平衡。目的:分析卫生经济学相关文献,探讨血管...背景:临床上血管支架的使用涉及高昂的医疗费用,但同时也可能在减少患者心血管事件、改善生活质量等方面带来长期的效益,而经济学评估可以帮助决策者更好地理解治疗方法的成本与效益之间的平衡。目的:分析卫生经济学相关文献,探讨血管支架效果与问题在医疗质量管理研究中的热点。方法:检索Web of Science核心集数据库关于血管支架的卫生经济学评价文献,采用VOSviewer_1.6.19软件对年度发文量、机构、国家和关键词等进行可视化分析,最后从卫生经济学和医疗质量管理角度分析血管支架效果与问题的研究热点。结果与结论:①最终纳入英文文献120篇,近10年此领域研究发文最高的年份是2019年,发文10篇,发文量最多的机构是美国哈佛大学(发文20篇),发文量最多的国家是美国(发文58篇)。②关键词聚类分析显示,裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架在冠脉疾病中的成本效果分析、血管成形术支架干预的成本效益分析、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用冠脉支架的效果,这3个聚类研究方向为血管支架研究领域的卫生经济学评估的研究热点。③进一步总结医疗管理质量背景下血管支架治疗效果的研究热点为:血管支架的长期效果、安全性、药物释放机制研究、个体化治疗、再狭窄问题和支架镶嵌技术。④高被引文献分析结果显示,药物洗脱支架释放药物以减少血管再狭窄的风险,与裸金属支架相比再狭窄率较低,但通常成本较高;生物降解支架是结合裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架的优点,即避免长期的支架存在和减少再狭窄的风险,但它们的成本可能会更高,而且短期内可能会有一些并发症,目前应用并不广泛。⑤在进行血管支架成本效果比较时,除了直接的支架成本外,还需要考虑的因素包括支架再干预的风险和成本、并发症的风险和成本、药物治疗的持续时间和成本、患者的生活质量。因此,虽然药物洗脱支架和生物降解支架的初始成本可能高于裸金属支架,但它们可能在长期内带来更好的临床结果,从而产生更有利的成本效果。⑥未来的研究方向应注重个性化的血管支架治疗决策的制定、观察支架治疗的长期效果、支架对患者生活质量的影响、制定卫生政策、医疗资源合理分配及长期随访机制的建立。展开更多
《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2022》显示,随着我国社会经济的发展,国民生活方式的变化,尤其是人口老龄化及城镇化进程的加速,居民不健康生活方式日益突出,心血管病危险因素对居民健康的影响越加显著,心血管病的发病率仍持续增高,已达3.3...《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2022》显示,随着我国社会经济的发展,国民生活方式的变化,尤其是人口老龄化及城镇化进程的加速,居民不健康生活方式日益突出,心血管病危险因素对居民健康的影响越加显著,心血管病的发病率仍持续增高,已达3.3亿,给居民和社会带来的经济负担日渐加重,已成为重大的公共卫生问题,其死亡占城乡居民总死亡原因的首位,农村为48.00%,城市为45.86%[1]。血管性疾病是累及全身心脏血管(动脉、静脉、微血管)系统的重要疾病。长期以来仅关注传统危险因素(如高血压、糖代谢和血脂代谢异常等)导致血管损伤促使靶器官损害,最终发生不良心血管事件。传统的代谢相关血管健康危险因素的防控并未达到理想状态,忽视了非传统危险因素对血管健康的影响。而针对非传统危险因素的评估管理目前尚无统一标准。我们应在关注传统常规危险因素的同时,关注以往未得到足够重视的或未能被识别的北京血管健康分级(Beijing Vascular Health Stratification,BVHS)状态[2]、睡眠障碍、口腔疾病、精神压力、男性勃起功能障碍和不合理运动等非传统危险因素对血管健康的影响。展开更多
基金funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ (PI13/01726),Sociedad Espa?ola de Nefrología and ACINEFcofunding by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Unión Europea ("Una forma de hacer Europa")supported by Programa de Intensificación de la Actividad Investigadora, Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Convenio ISC Ⅲ-Comunidad Autónoma Canarias)
文摘Cardiovascular disease(CVD) is a prevalent condition in general population and the first cause of death overall. Klotho, a pleiotropic protein related to longevity that acts as a co-receptor of the fibroblast growth factor 23, has been proposed as a key regulator of the development of CVD. In the few clinical studies made, it has been observed a relationship between low levels of soluble Klotho and the occurrence and severity of CVD, as well as a reduction of cardiovascular risk when they are high. Also, different polymorphisms of human Klotho gene have been related to the incidence of cardiovascular events. Moreover, several experimental studies indicate that this protein acts in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Klotho improves endothelial dysfunction through promotion of NO production and mediates antiinflammatory and anti-aging effects such as suppression of adhesion molecules expression, attenuation of nuclear factor-kappa B or inhibition of Wnt signaling. Furthermore,this protein is related to the attenuation of vascular calcification as well as prevention of cardiac hypertrophy. The expression of this protein in the vascular wall implies a new scenario for the treatment of vascular disorders. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the relationship between the Klotho protein and CVD, in addition to its role in the maintenance of functional vascular integrity.
文摘It is well established in experimental animals and Humans that endothelial cells,which cover the luminal surface of all blood vessels,have a pivotal role in the control of vascular homeostasis.The protective effect of endothelial cells is mostly due to their ability to respond to circulating hormones,autacoids,blood-and platelet-derived factors,and also to blood flow by inducing potent vasoprotectivemechanismsincluding predominantlythe formation of nitric oxide(NO),and,often also to some extent,endothelium-derived hyperpolarization,and prostacyclin(PGI2).Besides being a potent vasodilator,NO also effectively prevents platelet activation and has anti-thrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic properties.An endothelial dysfunction characterized by a reduced generation of these endothelium-dependent vasodilator mechanisms associated with vascular oxidative stress and the formation of endothelium-derived contracting factors such as contractile prostanoids is often observed in most types of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension,hypercho⁃lesterolemia,diabetes,and also during physiological ageing in both experimental animals and Humans.Nutrition-derived polyphenols such as those from grapes,tea,cocoa,and berries have been shown to stimulate the endothelial formation of NO by activating the Src/PI3-kinase/Akt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase(eNOS)and to enhance eNOS expression.As a consequence,the active polyphenols will promote a sustained forma⁃tion of NO that contributes to protect the vascular system.Polyphenol-rich products have also been shown to improve an established endothelial dysfunction and to delay the onset of the induction of an endothelial dysfunction in several experimental models of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and in ageing.Moreover,endothelial senescence characterized by cell cycle arrest and the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherothrombotic phenotype has been identified as an early event promotingthe development of endothelial dysfunc⁃tion.Premature endothelial senescence appears to affect,in particular,arterial sites at risk such as curvatures and bifur⁃cations that are characterized by disturbed flow and low shear stress.The pro-senescent process can be further increased in the presence of a high concentration of glucose,oxidized LDL,and angiotensinⅡ.Anthocyanin-rich products have been shown to accumulate preferentially in senescent endothelial cells,to reduce the expression of cell cycle regulators such as p16,p21 and p53,and to improve the endothelial function.The protective effect is mostly due to their ability to reduce vascular oxidative stress by inhibiting the overexpression of NADPH oxidase and the local angiotensin system.Thus,nutrition-derived polyphenols may be an interesting approach to delay the onset of risk factor-and ageing-related endothelial senescence and dysfunction and,hence,to promote vascular health.
文摘Background: Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm can be treated with two different surgical methods: Open repair (OR) or Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR). These two different treatments can probably result in different sense of Health related Quality of life, both in a short term and a long term perspective. The purpose of this prospective study was to examine patients’ Health related Quality of life after surgical treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm over two years using different instruments for the observations. Methods: Patients were invited consecutively to answer questionnaires before operation, and 1, 12 and 24 months after surgery. The study was conducted by using the Health related Quality of life questionnaires Short Form (SF-36) and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). 76 patient (40 in the OR and 36 in the EVAR group) participated in the study. The mean age in the OR group were 68 years, range 52 - 80 and in the EVAR group 75 years, range 65 - 85. The results from these two groups of patients were compared to a matched reference group. Results: Patients treated with EVAR rated their Health related Quality of life significantly lower in the domain of Mental Health and Mental Component Score in relation to a matched reference population before surgery. This difference was not present two years after intervention. After one month Health related qualities of life were worse for the OR group. After two years significant improvements in relation to baseline were observed only among patients in the OR group. No such long-term benefits were seen in the EVAR group. Conclusions: As the component mental health seemed to be impaired for these study group before surgery in relation to the matched reference group, nursing and doctors care actions may be of importance during the pre-operative phase. In the short perspective Health related Quality of life is worse for OR patients than the EVAR group but in the long term perspective improvements beyond preoperative status can only be seen with OR patients.
文摘背景:临床上血管支架的使用涉及高昂的医疗费用,但同时也可能在减少患者心血管事件、改善生活质量等方面带来长期的效益,而经济学评估可以帮助决策者更好地理解治疗方法的成本与效益之间的平衡。目的:分析卫生经济学相关文献,探讨血管支架效果与问题在医疗质量管理研究中的热点。方法:检索Web of Science核心集数据库关于血管支架的卫生经济学评价文献,采用VOSviewer_1.6.19软件对年度发文量、机构、国家和关键词等进行可视化分析,最后从卫生经济学和医疗质量管理角度分析血管支架效果与问题的研究热点。结果与结论:①最终纳入英文文献120篇,近10年此领域研究发文最高的年份是2019年,发文10篇,发文量最多的机构是美国哈佛大学(发文20篇),发文量最多的国家是美国(发文58篇)。②关键词聚类分析显示,裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架在冠脉疾病中的成本效果分析、血管成形术支架干预的成本效益分析、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用冠脉支架的效果,这3个聚类研究方向为血管支架研究领域的卫生经济学评估的研究热点。③进一步总结医疗管理质量背景下血管支架治疗效果的研究热点为:血管支架的长期效果、安全性、药物释放机制研究、个体化治疗、再狭窄问题和支架镶嵌技术。④高被引文献分析结果显示,药物洗脱支架释放药物以减少血管再狭窄的风险,与裸金属支架相比再狭窄率较低,但通常成本较高;生物降解支架是结合裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架的优点,即避免长期的支架存在和减少再狭窄的风险,但它们的成本可能会更高,而且短期内可能会有一些并发症,目前应用并不广泛。⑤在进行血管支架成本效果比较时,除了直接的支架成本外,还需要考虑的因素包括支架再干预的风险和成本、并发症的风险和成本、药物治疗的持续时间和成本、患者的生活质量。因此,虽然药物洗脱支架和生物降解支架的初始成本可能高于裸金属支架,但它们可能在长期内带来更好的临床结果,从而产生更有利的成本效果。⑥未来的研究方向应注重个性化的血管支架治疗决策的制定、观察支架治疗的长期效果、支架对患者生活质量的影响、制定卫生政策、医疗资源合理分配及长期随访机制的建立。
文摘《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2022》显示,随着我国社会经济的发展,国民生活方式的变化,尤其是人口老龄化及城镇化进程的加速,居民不健康生活方式日益突出,心血管病危险因素对居民健康的影响越加显著,心血管病的发病率仍持续增高,已达3.3亿,给居民和社会带来的经济负担日渐加重,已成为重大的公共卫生问题,其死亡占城乡居民总死亡原因的首位,农村为48.00%,城市为45.86%[1]。血管性疾病是累及全身心脏血管(动脉、静脉、微血管)系统的重要疾病。长期以来仅关注传统危险因素(如高血压、糖代谢和血脂代谢异常等)导致血管损伤促使靶器官损害,最终发生不良心血管事件。传统的代谢相关血管健康危险因素的防控并未达到理想状态,忽视了非传统危险因素对血管健康的影响。而针对非传统危险因素的评估管理目前尚无统一标准。我们应在关注传统常规危险因素的同时,关注以往未得到足够重视的或未能被识别的北京血管健康分级(Beijing Vascular Health Stratification,BVHS)状态[2]、睡眠障碍、口腔疾病、精神压力、男性勃起功能障碍和不合理运动等非传统危险因素对血管健康的影响。
