Inetetamab combined with tegafur as second-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive gastric cancer: A case report

BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2)plays a vital role in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis.However,the prognosis of HER2-positive gastric cancer is poor.Inetetamab,a novel anti-HER2 targeting drug independently developed in China,exhibits more potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity than trastuzumab,which is administered as the first-line treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer in combination with chemotherapy.In this case,the efficacy and safety of inetetamab combined with tegafur was investigated as a second-line treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old male patient with HER2-positive gastric cancer presented with abdominal distension,poor appetite,and fatigue two years after receiving six cycles of oxaliplatin combined with tegafur as first-line treatment after surgery,followed by tegafur monotherapy for six months.The patient was diagnosed with postoperative recurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma.He received 17 cycles of a combination of inetetamab,an innovative domestically developed anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody,and tegafur chemotherapy as the second-line treatment(inetetamab 200 mg on day 1,every 3 wk combined with tegafur twice daily on days 1–14,every 3 wk).Evaluation of the efficacy of the second-line treatment revealed that the patient achieved a stable condition and progression-free survival of 17 months.He tolerated the treatment well without exhibiting any grade 3-4 adverse events.CONCLUSION Inetetamab combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic HER2-positive gastric cancer demonstrates significant survival benefits and acceptable safety.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive breast cancer

The body of evidence investigating human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2)directed therapy in patients with breast cancer(BC)has been growing within the last decade.Recently,the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)has been of particular interest in the treatment of human malignancies.This literature commentary is intended to highlight the most recent findings associated with the widely-studied TKI agents and their clinical significance in improving the outcomes of HER2 positive BC.

High levels of serum platelet-derived growth factor-AA and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 are predictors of colorectal cancer liver metastasis

AIM To develop predictive markers in blood for colorectal cancer liver metastasis.METHODS Twenty colorectal cancer patients were selected and divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 10 patients whose pathological TNM stage was ⅢC(T3-4N2M0), while another 10 patients with synchronous liver metastasis(TNM stage Ⅳ) were recruited for group B. During the surgical procedure, a 10-ml drainage vein(DV) blood sample was obtained from the DV of the tumor-bearing segment prior to the ligation of the DV. At the same time, a 10-ml peripheral vein(PV) blood sample was collected via peripheral venipuncture. The serum levels of 24 molecules that are potentially involved in the mechanism of liver metastasis in both DV blood and PV blood were analyzed by using high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology.RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that platelet-derivedgrowth factor AA(PDGFAA) in DV blood(d PDGFAA)(P = 0.001), PDGFAA in PV blood(p PDGFAA)(P = 0.007), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 in PV blood(p HER2)(P = 0.001), p MMP7(P = 0.028), pR ANTES(P = 0.013), and pE GF(P = 0.007) were significantly correlated with synchronous liver metastasis. Multivariate analysis identified d PDGFAA(HR = 1.001, P = 0.033) and p HER2(HR = 1.003, P = 0.019) as independent predictive factors for synchronous liver metastasis. Besides, high peripheral HER2 level may also be a risk factor for metachronous liver metastasis, although the difference did not reach statistical significance(P = 0.06). Significant correlations were found between paired DV and PV blood levels for PDGFAA(r = 0.794, P < 0.001), but not for HER2(r = 0.189, P = 0.424).CONCLUSION PDGFAA in tumor drainage and HER2 in PV blood may be useful predictive factors for synchronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 gene amplification in gastric cancer using tissue microarray technology

AIM:To assess human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-status in gastric cancer and matched lymph node metastases by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH).METHODS:120 cases of primary gastric carcinomas and 45 matched lymph node metastases from patients with full clinicopathological features were mounted onto multiple-punch and single-punch tissue microarrays,respectively,and examined for HER2 overexpression and gene amplification by IHC and CISH.RESULTS:Twenty-four tumors (20%) expressed HER2 immunohistochemically.An IHC score of ≥ 2+ was observed in 20 tumors (16.6%).HER2 amplification was detected by CISH in 19 tumors (15.8%) and in their matched lymph node metastases.A high concordancerate was found between HER2 positivity (as detected by IHC) and HER2 gene amplification (as detected by CISH),since 19 of the 20 IHC positive cases were amplified (95%).All amplified cases had 2+ or 3+ IHC results.Amplification was associated with intestinal phenotype (P < 0.05).No association with grading,staging or survival was found.CONCLUSION:In gastric cancer,HER2 amplification is the main mechanism for HER2 protein overexpression and is preserved in lymph node metastases.

Serum vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and adropin levels in age-related macular degeneration

AIM： To investigate the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2（VEGFR-2） and adropin in age-related macular degeneration（AMD）patients.·METHODS： Ninety-eight AMD patients were included in the study. Seventy-eight age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group.Fundus florescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed to assess the posterior segment details. Serum VEGFR-2 and adropin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and compared between the study groups.· RESULTS： AMD group had significantly increased foveal retinal thickness, serum LDL and HDL levels and significantly decreased subfoveal choroidal thickness（P =0.01, 0.047, 0.025 and 〈0.001, respectively）. Serum VEGFR-2level revealed a significant decrease in AMD patients compared to controls（26.48 ±6.44 vs 30.42 ±7.92 ng/m L,P 〈0.001）. There was an insignificant increase in serum adropin level in AMD patients（6.17±3.19 vs 5.79±2.71 ng/m L,P =0.4）. Serum level of VEGFR-2 in AMD patients had a significant negative correlation with foveal retinal thickness（r =-0.226, P =0.025） and a significant positive correlation with subfoveal choroidal thickness（r=0.2, P=0.048）.·CONCLUSION： The current study demonstrated that the decreased serum VEGFR-2 level may be considered in the development of AMD. Adropin does not seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of AMD.

Expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 protein in the hippocampus in rats exhibiting chronic stress-induced depression

There is evidence that the expression of members of the fibroblast growth factor （FGF） protein family is altered in post-mortem brains of humans suffering from major depressive disorder. The present study examined whether the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 （FGF2） and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 （FGFR1） protein is altered following chronic stress in an animal model. Rats were exposed to 35 days of chronic unpredictable mild stress, and then tested using open-field and sucrose consumption tests. Compared with the control group, rats in the chronic stress group exhibited obvious depressive-like behaviors, including anhedonia, anxiety and decreased mobility. The results of western blot analysis and immunohistochemical analysis revealed a downregulation of the expression of FGF2 and FGFR1 in the hippocampus of rats, particularly in the CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus. This decreased expression is in accord with the results of post-mortem studies in humans with major depressive disorder. These findings suggest that FGF2 and FGFR1 proteins participate in the pathophysiology of depressive-like behavior, and may play an important role in the mechanism of chronic stress-induced depression.

Emodin suppresses alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation and neovascularization by the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 signaling pathway

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of emodin on alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation and neovascularization.METHODS:The ability of emodin to target vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2)was predicted by molecular docking.The effects of emodin on the invasion,migration,and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)were determined by cell counting kit-8,Transwell,and tube formation assays.Analysis of apoptosis was performed by flow cytometry.CD31 levels were examined by immunofluorescence.The abundance and phosphorylation state of VEGFR2,protein kinase B(Akt),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),and P38 were examined by immunoblot analysis.Corneal alkali burn was performed on 40 mice.Animals were divided randomly into two groups,and the alkali-burned eyes were then treated with drops of either 10μM emodin or phosphate buffered saline(PBS)four times a day.Slitlamp microscopy was used to evaluate inflammation and corneal neovascularization(CNV)in all eyes on Days 0,7,10,and 14.The mice were killed humanely 14 d after the alkali burn,and their corneas were removed and preserved at-80℃ until histological study or protein extraction.RESULTS:Molecular docking confirmed that emodin was able to target VEGFR2.The findings revealed that emodin decreased the invasion,migration,angiogenesis,and proliferation of HUVEC in a dose-dependent manner.In mice,emodin suppressed corneal inflammatory cell infiltration and inhibited the development of corneal neovascularization induced by alkali burn.Compared to those of the PBS-treated group,lower VEGFR2 expression and CD31 levels were found in the emodintreated group.Emodin dramatically decreased the expression of VEGFR2,p-VEGFR2,p-Akt,p-STAT3,and p-P38 in VEGF-treated HUVEC.CONCLUSION:This study provides a new avenue for evaluating the molecular mechanisms underlying corneal inflammation and neovascularization.Emodin might be a promising new therapeutic option for corneal alkali burns.

Effects of endostatin on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors and neovascularization in colonic carcinoma implanted in nude mice

AIM:To investigate the antiangiogenic effects of endostatin on colonic carcinoma cell line implanted in nude mice and its mechanism. METHODS:Nude mice underwent subcutaneous injection with LS-174t colonic carcinoma cell line to generate carcinoma and were randomly separated into two groups.Mice received injection of vehicle or endostatin every day for two weeks. After the tumor was harvested,the tumor volumes were determined,and the expressions of CD34,VEGF and FIk-1 were examined by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS:Tumor volume was significantly inhibited in the endostatin group(84.17%)and tumor weight was significantly inhibited in the endostatin group(0.197±0.049) compared to the control group(1.198±0.105)(F=22.56, P=0.001),microvessel density(MVD)was significantly decreased in the treated group(31.857±3.515)compared to the control group(100.143±4.290)(F=151.62,P<0.001). Furthermore,the expression of FIk-1 was significantly inhibited in the treated group(34.29%) ompared to the control group(8.57%)(X^2=13.745,P=0.001).However no significant decrease was observed in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)between these two groups(X^2=0.119,P=0.730). CONCLUSION:Endostatin can inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis by blocking Vegf/FIk-1 pathway.This experiment provides the theory basis for developing a new anti-carcinoma drug through studying the properties of anti-angiogenesis inhibitors.

Repurposed anti-cancer epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: mechanisms of neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s disease

Numerous molecular mechanisms are being examined in an attempt to discover disease-modifying drugs to slow down the underlying neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease.Recent studies have shown the beneficial effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors on the enhancement of behavioral and pathological sequelae in Alzheimer’s disease.Despite the promising effects of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease,there is no irrefutable neuroprotective evidence in well-established animal models using epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors due to many un-explored downstream signaling pathways.This caused controversy about the potential involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in any prospective clinical trial.In this review,the mystery beyond the under-investigation of epidermal growth factor receptor in Alzheimer’s disease will be discussed.Furthermore,their molecular mechanisms in neurodegeneration will be explained.Also,we will shed light on SARS-COVID-19 induced neurological manifestations mediated by epidermal growth factor modulation.Finally,we will discuss future perspectives and under-examined epidermal growth factor receptor downstream signaling pathways that warrant more exploration.We conclude that epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors are novel effective therapeutic approaches that require further research in attempts to be repositioned in the delay of Alzheimer’s disease progression.

Survivin、COX-2及VEGF在大肠癌中的表达及与肿瘤微血管密度的关系

目的:研究Survivin,COX-2,VEGF和肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)在大肠癌组织中的表达,探讨其与大肠癌肿瘤血管生成的关系.方法:2007-09/2008-05哈尔滨医科大学附属第二临床医学院内镜下取材的大肠癌、肠息肉及肠炎标本.所有标本均经病理检查证实诊断.试验对象共分3组,分别为大肠癌组织26例,大肠息肉组织10例,大肠黏膜慢性炎症组织7例.采用免疫组织化学方法检测Survivin,COX-2,VEGF和CD34在大肠组织中的表达.结果:Survivin,COX-2与VEGF蛋白在大肠癌组织中阳性表达率分别为76.9%,80.8%和69.28%,明显高于大肠息肉组与肠炎组的表达(P<0.01或0.05).大肠癌组织中MVD(CD34)明显高于大肠息肉组与肠炎组(23.69±9.96vs13.10±7.05,10.43±4.24,均P<0.01).Survivin,COX-2和VEGF蛋白在大肠癌组中的表达与MVD相关(均P<0.05),Survivin和促血管形成因子COX-2,VEGF在大肠癌组织中的表达密切相关(χ2=11.18,4.72,均P<0.005).结论:Survivin可能通过COX-2,VEGF促进大肠癌肿瘤血管的形成.

具有血管内皮细胞生长因子受体-2酪氨酸激酶抑制作用的链霉菌次生代谢产物2754R的研究

目的分离鉴定链霉菌I06A-02754发酵液中具血管内皮生长因子受体-2酪氨酸激酶(VEGFR2-CD)抑制活性的强极性次生代谢产物。方法采用大孔吸附树脂、阴离子交换树脂、MPLC、HPLC等分离手段对次生代谢产物进行分离纯化;通过UV、IR、HR-ESI质谱、1D-NMR和2D-NMR对其结构进行鉴定,以ELISA法检测其次生代谢产物对VEGFR2-CD的抑制活性;以MTT法检测化合物对肿瘤细胞的抑制活性。结果从发酵液的水溶性部分分离得到一个极性较大的胡桃霉素类次生代谢产物——2754R;其化学结构与胡桃霉素D一致,对VEGFR2-CD表现出一定的抑制活性;MTT实验显示化合物2754R对HepG2细胞、MCF-7细胞和BEL-7402细胞没有明显的抑制活性(IC50>10μmol/L)。结论化合物2754R是具有VEGFR2-CD活性的胡桃霉素类次生代谢产物。

马钱子碱经皮给药对乳腺癌种植瘤中VEGF mRNA和COX-2 mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨马钱子碱经皮给药对乳腺癌种植瘤的影响及可能机制,为乳腺癌的治疗提供新的途径。方法培养人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231,取对数生长期细胞制成单细胞悬液。20只雌性Balb/c-nu/nu裸鼠麻醉后,无菌条件下,局部肌肉注射乳腺癌单细胞悬液0.2 ml,制备乳腺癌肿瘤模型。20只荷瘤裸鼠随机均分为4组:马钱子碱高剂量组(A组)、中剂量组(B组)、低剂量组(C组)和模型组(D组),分别经皮给予20%(0.2 mg/g)、10%(0.1 mg/g)、5%(0.05mg/g)浓度的马钱子碱膏和凡士林膏,涂抹裸鼠的整个腹部和造模的部位,每次1 g,每日4次(每次间隔3 h),连续15d。另设一个不做任何处理的正常组(E组)。观察各组裸鼠生存状态和肿瘤生长情况,评价相对肿瘤增殖率;检测肿瘤组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)mRNA和环氧化酶(COX-2)mRNA的表达。结果①肿瘤大小和相对肿瘤增殖率:A、B组裸鼠生存状态良好,肿瘤引起的活动障碍较轻,肿瘤生长均受到不同程度的抑制,肿瘤生长较C、D组迟缓,各组的相对肿瘤增殖率分别为A组38%(P<0.05)、B组52%、C组75%;而C、D组裸鼠出现活动障碍、瘫痪、消瘦和精神萎靡,肿瘤体积较大。②PCR检测VEGF和COX-2结果:A组分别为24.30±0.91和20.63±0.71,B组分别为23.10±0.72和20.39±0.76,C组分别为24.27±0.73和21.01±0.62,D组分别为23.09±0.76和21.04±0.65,E组分别为24.38±1.14和20.52±0.75。VEGF mRNA和COX-2 mRNA在肿瘤组织中的表达水平,A组与D组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B、C组与D组比较均有差别,但差异无统计学意义。结论马钱子碱经皮给药能抑制乳腺癌种植瘤中VEGF mRNA和COX-2 mRNA的表达。

MACC1和VGEFR2蛋白在晚期肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨结肠癌转移相关基因1(metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1,MACC1)和血管内皮生长因子受体2(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2,VEGFR2)在晚期肺癌患者癌组织和血浆中表达的临床意义。方法收集2013年1月至2015年6月在我院就诊的具有完整临床资料和组织蜡块的晚期肺癌34例,采用免疫组化法检测癌组织中MACC1和VEGFR2蛋白的表达,Elisa法检测血浆MACC1和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在血浆中的含量,比较分析各临床指标与MACC1和VGEFR2的相关性。结果 MACC1和VGEFR2在本组晚期肺癌中的阳性表达率为64.7%和73.5%。肺癌患者血浆MACC1和VEGF含量明显高于正常对照组,MACC1和VGEFR2表达分别与肺癌肺外转移和合并症相关(P<0.05),而与年龄、性别、吸烟及病理类型等无关(P>0.05)。肺癌组织中MACC1与组织中VGEFR2和血浆中MACC1含量均呈正相关(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示MACC1和VGEFR2阳性组半年生存率均明显低于阴性组(P<0.05)。多因素分析提示MACC1和VGEFR2均是晚期肺癌患者不良预后的独立因素(P<0.05)。结论 MACC1和VGEFR2表达与晚期肺癌的浸润转移和死亡密切相关,检测血浆MACC1含量对预测肺癌患者预后具有一定价值,MACC1和VGEFR2可能是晚期肺癌治疗的潜在靶点。

Therapeutic options for HER-2 positive breast cancer: Perspectives and future directions

During the last 15 years we have witnessed an unprecedented expansion in the drugs developed to target human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2) positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab, pertuzumab, adotrastuzumab emtansine and lapatinib are currently food and drug administration(FDA)-approved for the treatment of breast cancer patients with HER-2 overexpressed. However, given the amount of information gathered from years of uninterrupted clinical research, it is essential to have periodic updates that succinctly recapitulate what we have learnt over these last years and help us to apply that information in our daily practice. This review will pursue that objective. We will summarize the most relevant and updated informationrelated to the state of the art management of HER-2 positive breast cancer in all the clinical scenarios including the adjuvant, neoadjuvant and metastatic settings. But we will also critically appraise that literature in order to highlight some key clinical concepts that should not be overlooked. Lastly, this review will also point out some of the most promising strategies that are currently being tested and may soon become available.

Relationship between expression of NADPH oxidase 2 and invasion and prognosis of human gastric cancer

AIM: To assess the expression and prognostic value of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2(NOX2) in gastric cancer, and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR).METHODS: Tumor and adjacent tissues were obtained from 123 patients who underwent radical surgery for gastric cancer at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from 2008-2009. The expression of NOX2, VEGF, EGFR and CD68 in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of NOX2 in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues was detected by Western blot analysis. Spearman's correlation was performed to elucidate the relationship of NOX2 with VEGF and EGFR. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival time, and the log-rank test was used to evaluate differences in survival. Cox‘s proportional hazards regression model was applied in a stepwise manner to analyze the independent prognostic factors.RESULTS: NOX2 exhibited positive expression in 47.2%(58/123) of the gastric cancer tissues. Western blot analysis revealed that NOX2 was up-regulated in tumor tissues compared to the adjacent tissue [39.0%(48/123)]. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that CD68, which is a specific marker of macrophages, and NOX expression presented a similar localization and staining intensity. The expression of NOX2 was positively correlated with that of VEGF and EGFR. Comparison of the 5-year survival rates of the NOX2 positive and NOX2 negative groups showed that the NOX2 positive group presented a poor prognosis.CONCLUSION: NOX2 positively correlates with the levels of VEGF and EGFR. NOX2 may be used as a new biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.

Nrf2通路在糖尿病视网膜病变中的研究进展

糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）作为糖尿病的一种严重并发症，可能导致严重的视力下降或丧失。核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）是一种在氧化应激及炎症相关组织损伤中发挥重要作用的氧化还原敏感转录因子。越来越多的研究表明，Nrf2在DR的发生和发展中起着重要作用。本文就Nrf2通路在糖尿病、DR发病中的作用及其与血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达的相关性进行综述。

A Meta-Analysis of Lymphatic Vessel Invasion Correlated with Pathologic Factors in Invasive Breast Cancer

Objectives: The invasive breast cancer is divided into four clinical subtypes: Luminal A-like, Luminal B-like, HER-2 positive, and triple-negative according to the expression status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor(PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) and Ki-67. The prognosis and treatment strategy vary with subtypes. The current studies have reported the relation between lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) and the expression status of ER, PR, HER-2, Ki-67 in invasive breast cancer, but the results were debatable. So the meta-analysis was conducted to confirm the relation between LVI and the four factors. Methods: Literature was searched by entering the terms: breast AND (neoplasm OR cancer OR carcinoma) AND (lymphovascular OR “lymph vessel” OR “lymphatic vessel” invasion OR carcinoma embolus) AND (ER OR estrogen receptor OR PR OR progesterone receptor OR HER-2 OR human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 OR Ki-67 OR clinicopathological) in Pubmed. The merged odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using fixed-effect model. Review Manager 5.2 was used to analysis the relation between LVI and the expression status of ER, PR, HER-2, Ki-67 in invasive breast cancer respectively. The fail-safe number was used to estimate publication bias. Results: The analysis included 5 studies, LVI positive rate was significant lower in ER positive, PR positive, HER-2 negative, low Ki-67 expression group statistically. The OR and 95% CI were 0.6(0.44 - 0.81), 0.64(0.43 - 0.95), 1.52(1.03 - 2.24), 5.29(1.53 - 18.35) respectively.Conclusions:?LVI was significantly correlated with the expression status of ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 in invasive breast cancer. Furthermore, LVI was consistent with poor prognostic expression status of the four factors.

结肠癌及癌前病变组织中COX-2及VEGF的表达

目的:探讨结肠癌及癌前病变中COX-2和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达意义.方法:应用免疫组织化学ABC法检测COX-2及VEGF在40例癌旁正常结肠黏膜和结肠癌、27例结肠腺瘤组织中COX-2和VEGF的表达.结果:结肠腺瘤和结肠癌组COX-2阳性表达率明显高于癌旁正常结肠黏膜组(63.0%,77.5%vs0.0%,0.0%;P<0.05).结肠腺瘤和结肠癌组VEGF阳性表达率明显高于癌旁正常结肠黏膜组(70.4%,80.0%vs25.0%,25.0%;P<0.05),且二者表达有相关性(r=0.411,P<0.01).结论:COX-2和VEGF在结肠腺瘤及结肠癌中表达异常增高.

Vitamin D-Binding Protein is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia by Inhibiting the Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 in Endothelial Cells

Objective::The role of Vitamin D-binding protein(DBP)in preeclampsia(PE)pathogenesis is unknown.In this study,we compared the expression of DBP in the placentas of PE patients with the placentas of normotensive pregnant women with placenta previa controls,and aimed to explore the effect of DBP on endothelial cells(ECs)and the underlying mechanism.Methods::DBP expression in placental tissues collected from PE patients and controls was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.The downregulation and upregulation of DBP expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells were examined using DBP-targeting small interfering RNA(siRNA)and DBP-expression vector,respectively.The conditioned media of these DBP-overexpressing and DBP-siRNA HTR-8/SVneo cells were collected and added to human umbilical vein EC(HUVEC)cultures.Angiogenic effects on HUVECs were assessed by tube formation assays,and the proliferation and migration of HUVECs were examined using the Real-Time Cell Analyzer.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and VEGF receptor(VEGFR)-2,as well as the phosphorylation of different residues of VEGFR-2 in HUVECs,were determined by western blotting.Results::DBP expression was significantly increased in the placental tissues collected from PE patients.The conditioned medium of DBP-overexpressing HTR-8/SVneo cells potently inhibited tube formation by HUVECs,in addition to their proliferation and migration.Furthermore,treatment of HUVECs with the conditioned medium of DBP-overexpressing HTR-8/SVneo cells decreased the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 at tyrosine 996,whereas the treatment of these cells with the conditioned medium of DBP-siRNA HTR-8/SVneo cells increased the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 at tyrosine 951,996,and 1,175.Conclusions::The expression of DBP is increased in the placentas of PE patients.DBP plays potential roles in endothelial dysfunction,which contributes to PE development,by inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in ECs.

Correlation of expression of ER,PR and c-erbB-2 with ultrasonographic features in invasive ductal cancer of breast

Objective To analyze the relationship of the expression level of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR)and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER-2,c-erbB-2)of breast invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC)with ultrasonographic characteristics.Methods Totally 104 patients with IDCs confirmed pathologically were involved in this study.ER,PR and c-erbB-2 expression in the IDC specimens was determined by immunohistochemical staining technique.The correlation between the ultrasonographic features and the positive expression of ER,PR or c-erbB-2 was analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of ER and PR in the group with tumor spiculation sign and posterior acoustic attenuation was higher than that in the group without.The positive expression rate of ER differed significantly(P<0.05)while that of PR did not(P>0.05).The over-expression rate of c-erbB-2 in the group of microcalcification,sufficient blood flow and axillary lymph node metastasis was higher than that in the group of non-microcalcification,deficient blood flow or without axillary lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).The expression of ER,PR and c-erbB-2 was not related to the size of tumor(P>0.05).Conclusion The expression of ER and c-erbB-2 is closely related to the ultrasonographic characteristics of IDC,which may,to some extent,reflect the expression level of ER and c-erbB-2.