Mosquito vector management with botanicals-the most effective weapons in controlling mosquito-borne diseases

Dear editor,Mosquito-borne diseases,viz.,malaria,filariasis,dengue hemorrhagic fever,chikungunya,Japanese encephalitis etc.,created huge impact on humans over the world,and the chemical insecticides remain the mainstay of effective control.But,indiscriminate and rampant use of the chemical insecticides in controlling mosquito vectors,in order to prevent diseases vectored by them,has resulted problems related to the adverse environmental effects for their(insecticides)potential toxicity,high operational cost,community acceptance,and the development of insecticide resistance among the vectors.The factors mentioned above prompted the search for new means of control strategies.Currently,the botanicals(viz.,plant extracts,essential oils and phytochemicals)with mosquitocidal potential

Dynamics of Quantum State and Effective Hamiltonian with Vector Differential Form of Motion Method

Effective Hamiltonians in periodically driven systems have received widespread attention for realization of novel quantum phases, non-equilibrium phase transition, and Majorana mode. Recently, the study of effective Hamiltonian using various methods has gained great interest. We consider a vector differential equation of motion to derive the effective Hamiltonian for any periodically driven two-level system, and the dynamics of the spin vector are an evolution under the Bloch sphere. Here, we investigate the properties of this equation and show that a sudden change of the effective Hamiltonian is expected. Furthermore, we present several exact relations, whose expressions are independent of the different starting points. Moreover, we deduce the effective Hamiltonian from the high-frequency limit, which approximately equals the results in previous studies. Our results show that the vector differential equation of motion is not affected by a convergence problem, and thus, can be used to numerically investigate the effective models in any periodic modulating system. Finally, we anticipate that the proposed method can be applied to experimental platforms that require time-periodic modulation, such as ultracold atoms and optical lattices.

Two properties of sequence of vector measures on effect algebras

Let （L, ,0, 1） be an effect algebra and let X be a Banach space. A function ： L→ X is called a vector measure if μ（a b） =μ（a） ＋ μ（b） whenever a⊥b in L. The function μ is said to be 8-bounded if limn→∞μ（an） = 0 in X for any orthogonal sequence （an）n∈N in L. In this paper, we introduce two properties of sequence of s-bounded vector measures and give some results on these properties.

Application of Auto-regressive Linear Model in Understanding the Effect of Climate on Malaria Vectors Dynamics in the Three Gorges Reservoir

It is important to understand the dynamics of malaria vectors in implementing malaria control strategies. Six villages were selected from different sections in the Three Gorges Reservoir fc,r exploring the relationship between the climatic ｜：actors and its malaria vector density from 1997 to 2007 using the auto-regressive linear model regressi^n method. The result indicated that both temperature and precipitation were better modeled as quadratic rather than linearly related to the density of Anopheles sinensis.

Construction of Cox7a2 fluorescent vector and its effect on cytochrome C oxidase activity in mouse Sertoli cell line TM4

Objective To construct Cox7a2 fluorescent vector and study its effect on cytochrome C oxidase ( COX) activity in mouse Sertoli cell line TM4. Methods The coding region of CoxTa2 was amplified from mouse Sertoli cell line TM4 by RT-PCR. PCR product was

Bio-Electromagnetics without Fields: The Effect of the Vector Potential

Numerous considerations deal with specialties of bioelectromagnetic effects, including the force-free and field-free interactions. The fact that bioelectromagnetic phenomena consist of effects without mechanical forces and even without measurable fields looks impossible in the simple considerations. However, the stochastic fluctuations cause surprising results, with scientifically proven bioelectromagnetism in field-free conditions. In the first steps, we show the scalar and vector potentials’ specialties instead of electric and magnetic fields defined by the well-known Maxwellian equations. The vanishing of the fields is connected to the potentials’ stochastic fluctuations, the noises control the “zero-ground”. The result shows a possibility of a wave that has no attenuation during its transmission through the material. In this meaning, the result is similar to the consequences of the scalar-wave (SW) considerations. The structural changes follow a particular noise spectrum (called pink-noise or 1/f noise), which keeps the entropy constant in a broad range of scaling magnification.

Spin Supercurrent in Phenomena of Quantum Non-Locality (Quantum Correlations, Magnetic Vector Potential) and in Near-Field Antenna Effect

It is shown that such phenomena as quantum correlations (interaction of space-separated quantum entities), the action of magnetic vector potential on quantum entities in the absence of magnetic field, and near-field antenna effect (the existence of superluminally propagating electromagnetic fields) may be explained by action of spin supercurrents. In case of quantum correlations between quantum entities, spin supercurrent emerges between virtual particles pairs (virtual photons) created by those quantum entities. The explanation of magnetic vector potential and near-field antenna effect is based on contemporary principle of quantum mechanics: the physical vacuum is not an empty space but the ground state of the field consisting of quantum harmonic oscillators (QHOs) characterized by zero-point energy. Using the properties of the oscillators and spin supercurrent, it is proved that magnetic vector potential is proportional to the moment causing the orientation of spin of QHO along the direction of magnetic field. The near-field antenna effect is supposed to take place as a result of action of spin supercurrent causing secondary electromagnetic oscillations. In this way, the electromagnetic field may spread at the speed of spin supercurrent. As spin supercurrent is an inertia free process, its speed may be greater than that of light, which does not contradict postulates of special relativity that sets limits to the speed of inertial systems only.

Pressure and velocity cross-spectrum of normal modes in low-frequency acoustic vector field of shallow water and its application

The pressure and horizontal particle velocity combined descriptions in the very low frequency acoustic field of shallow wa- ter integrated with the concept of effective depth of Pekeris wave- guide is proposed, especially the active component of the pressure and horizontal particle velocity cross-spectrum, also called ho- rizontal complex cross acoustic intensity, when only two normal modes are trapped in the waveguide. Both the approximate theo- retic analysis and the numerical results show that the sign of the horizontal complex cross acoustic intensity active component is independent of the range when vertically deployed receiving dual sensors are placed in appropriate depths, the sum of which is equal to the waveguide effective depth, so it can be used to tell whether the sound source is near the surface or underwater; while the range rate is expected to be measured by utilizing the sign distribution characteristic of the reactive component. The further robustness analysis of the depth classification algorithm shows that the existence of shear waves in semi infinite basement and the change of acoustic velocity profiles have few effects on the application of this method, and the seabed attenuation will limit the detection range, but the algorithm still has a good robustness in the valid detection range.

Beam divergence effects on high power optical parametric oscillation

The beam divergence effects of the input pump laser on a high power nanosecond optical parametric oscillator （OPO） have been numerically simulated. The OPO conversion efficiency is affected due to the angular deviation of real laser beams from ideal phase matching conditions. Our theoretical model is based on the decomposition of the Gaussian beam and assumes each component has a single deviation angle and thus a particular wave vector mismatch. We take into account the variable intensity profile in the spatial and temporal domains of the Gaussian beam, the pump depletion effects for large-signal processes as well as the oscillatory effects of the three waves. Two nonlinear crystals β-BaB2O4 （BBO） and LiB305 （LBO） have been investigated in detail. The results indicate that the degree of beam divergence strongly influences the maximum pump intensity, optimum crystal length and OPO conversion efficiency. The impact of beam divergence is much more severe in the case of critical phase-matching for BBO than in the case of non-critical phase-matching for LBO. The results provide a way to choose the optimum parameters for a high power ns OPO such as the nonlinear material, the crystal length and the pump intensity, etc. Good agreement is obtained with our experimental results.

Propagating adaptive-weighted vector median filter for motion-field smoothing

In the field of predictive video coding and format conversion, there is an increasing attention towards estimation of the true inter-frame motion. The restoration of motion vector field computed by 3-D RS is addressed and a propagating adaptive-weighted vector median (PAWVM) post-filter is proposed. This approach decomposes blocks to make a better estimation on object borders and propagates good vectors in the scanning direction. Furthermore, a hard-thresholding method is introduced into calculating vector weights to improve the propagating. By exploiting both the spatial correlation of the vector field and the matching error of candidate vectors, PAWVM makes a good balance between the smoothness of vector field and the prediction error, and the output vector field is more valid to reflect the true motion.

Nd:YAP激光联合Vector系统治疗重度牙周炎疗效观察

目的:探讨Nd:YAP激光联合Vector系统治疗重度牙周炎的疗效。方法:纳入2017年5月-2018年4月广州中医药大学深圳医院口腔科就诊的30例重度牙周炎患者为研究对象。采用分口对照设计,按照随机原则,一侧(实验组)应用Nd:YAP激光联合Vector系统治疗,另一侧(对照组)为Vector系统治疗。比较两组治疗前后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分,基线、治疗后2个月、4个月、6个月的探诊深度(PD)、牙龈出血指数(BI)以及附着丧失(AL)水平。结果:实验组患者的VAS评分为(1.66±0.74)分,显著低于对照组的(3.56±0.95)分(P<0.05)。实验组和对照组基线时PLI、PD、BI和CAL差异均无统计学意义。治疗后8周、4个月、6个月时,两组PD、BI和CAL与基线比较均有明显下降,且实验组较对照组整体改善效果更优(均P<0.05)。结论:Nd:YAP激光联合Vector系统治疗慢性牙周炎是一种安全、有效的牙周微创非手术治疗方法,可作为对疼痛敏感的牙周炎患者的替代治疗方法,同时也是牙周炎患者的一种可以长期使用的维护治疗方法。

Empirical research on the international spillover effects of U.S. monetary policy and their impacts

Empirical research has shown that there were international spillover effects from the U.S. monetary policy to output level, net exports and price levels of each country, and the impact on prices in each country was of synchronous effect. The structural impulse response analysis showed that U.S. monetary policy could improve U.S. income and payment without damaging U.S. economic growth, but the shocks negatively affected the economic growth in the rest of the world. Hence, it's important to pay close attention to the moral risks of U.S. monetary policy to evade the global shocks caused by the "benefit-itself-at-the-expense-of-others" polices of the American government. Besides these findings, U.S. monetary policy shocks strongly affect China's trade surplus fluctuations. Based on this, we propose that the approaches of balancing China's current account could be explored efficiently from the perspective of monetary policy.

Vector牙周治疗仪治疗慢性牙周炎的疗效及主观评价

目的：探讨 Vector 牙周治疗仪治疗慢性牙周炎的疗效及对其进行主观评价。方法选取2013年5月～2014年3月本院就诊的为慢性牙周炎的患者75例，所有患者随机分为观察组（38例）和对照组（37例）。观察治疗完成时与治疗后24h VAS 评分，术前及术后3个月的 PLI 及 PD 及治疗1颗牙时间等指标。结果观察组的 VAS 评分治疗完成时与治疗后24h 得分均显著低于对照组（P ＜0.05）。两组患者治疗后3个月， PLI、PD 指标与治疗前比较，皆出现明显下降，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。观察组的 PLI 得分明显低于对照组（P ＜0.05）。而术后3个月，两组患者的 PD 差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。两组患者治疗一颗牙时间比较，观察组时间明显比对照组短，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论 Vector 牙周治疗仪治疗慢性牙周炎临床疗效显著，可减轻痛疼程度。

Monitoring models for base flow effect and daily variation of dam seepage elements considering time lag effect

Affected by external environmental factors and evolution of dam performance, dam seepage behavior shows nonlinear time-varying characteristics. In this study, to predict and evaluate the long-term development trend and short-term fluctuation of the dam seepage behavior, two monitoring models were developed, one for the base flow effect and one for daily variation of dam seepage elements. In the first model, to avoid the influence of the time lag effect on the evaluation of seepage variation with the time effect component of seepage elements, the base values of the seepage element and the reservoir water level were extracted using the wavelet multi-resolution analysis method, and the time effect component was separated by the established base flow effect monitoring model. For the development of the daily variation monitoring model for dam seepage elements, all the previous factors, of which the measured time series prior to the dam seepage element monitoring time may have certain influence on the monitored results, were considered. Those factors that were positively correlated with the analyzed seepage element were initially considered to be the support vector machine(SVM) model input factors, and then the SVM kernel function-based sensitivity analysis was performed to optimize the input factor set and establish the optimized daily variation SVM model. The efficiency and rationality of the two models were verified by case studies of the water level of two piezometric tubes buried under the slope of a concrete gravity dam.Sensitivity analysis of the optimized SVM model shows that the influences of the daily variation of the upstream reservoir water level and rainfall on the daily variation of piezometric tube water level are processes subject to normal distribution.

Vector治疗仪和传统刮治术治疗中重度慢性牙周炎的对比研究

目的对比Vector超声治疗仪和传统刮治术治疗慢性牙周炎的临床疗效。方法将75例中重度慢性牙周炎患者随机分为两组,分别采用传统刮治术(对照组37例)和Vector超声治疗仪(观察组38例)进行治疗;对比不同时期菌斑指数(PLI)、螺旋体百分比(S%)、牙周探诊深度(PPD)及探诊出血指数(BOP),并比较基础和牙周支持治疗的牙科畏惧量表(DFS)与疼痛评分(VAS)。结果治疗后,两组的PLI、S%、PPD、BOP均显著降低(P<0.05);传统刮治术和Vector超声治疗仪对患者各项指标的影响显著不同(P<0.05),且与治疗时间不存在交互作用(P>0.05)。基础治疗前,两组的DFS评分无统计学差异(P>0.05);牙周支持治疗前,观察组DFS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);基础治疗后和牙周支持治疗后,观察组的VAS评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论Vector超声治疗仪治疗中重度慢性牙周炎疼痛反应小,治疗效果明显优于传统刮治术。

Gene therapy strategies for treating brain tumors: Retroviruses are still good candidates for therapeutic vectors

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. In the past few decades, many efforts have been made to improve the prognosis of GBM, however, with limited success. Many gene therapy strategies for GBM have been developed and a few have progressed to clinical trials. Retroviral vectors have superior features for gene therapy in brain cancers, including tumor specificity, immunogenicity, and longer half-life. Early gene therapy trials in GBM patients based on transplantation of retrovirus-producing cells into the brain failed to prove efficacious. Adenoviral vectors, which can be prepared as high-titer virus solutions and undergo efficient transduction in tumor cells, failed in clinical trials, likely due to immunogenicity and instability of gene expression. Alternative therapeutics such as oncolytic viruses that specifically target and destroy cancer cells are currently under investigation. In addition to novel vectors, retroviral vectors are still attractive candidates for use in gene therapy against brain tumors. Since yields of properly-packaged viral particles from virus-producing cells have been very limited so far, gene therapy by direct injection of hightiter retroviral vectors into the patients’ brains was not possible. To overcome these disadvantages, a packaging cell line that yields high-titer retroviral solutions was established by our group, enabling the direct injection of massive retroviral vector stocks directly into the brain. Mouse glioma models were effectively cured with a combination of a suicide gene/ prodrug system and a highly-concentrated retrovirus solution. Preclinical assessments, including that of replication-competent retroviruses and tumorigenicity of the combination method, have confirmed the safety of the highly-concentrated retrovirus solution. Addi tional studies are needed to address the clinical utility of such combination gene therapies. Taken together, these data suggest that retroviral vectors are still good candidates for development in gene therapy applications.

Theoretical study of stereodynamics for the reaction O(3P) ＋D2 (v=0, j=0) →OD＋D and isotope effect

Quasi-classical trajectory （QCT） calculations have been performed to study the product polarization behaviours in the reaction O（3p） ＋ D2 （v = 0, j = 0） → OD ＋ D. By running trajectories on the 3A′ and 3A″potential energy surfaces （PESs）, vector correlations such as the distributions of the polarization-dependent differential cross sections （PDDCSs）, the angular distributions of P（θr） and P（Фr） are presented. Isotope effect is discussed in this work by a comprehensive comparison with the reaction O（3p） ＋ H2 （v = 0, j = 0） → H ＋ H. Common characteristics as well as differences are discussed in product alignment and orientation for the two reactions. The isotope mass effect differs on the two potential energy surfaces： the isotope mass effect has stronger influence on P（θr） and PDDCSs of the 3A′ PES while the opposite on P（Фr） of the 3A′ potential energy surface.

The collision energy effect on the stereodynamics of the Ca + HCl→CaCl + H reaction

The stereodynamics of the reaction of Ca ＋ HCl are calculated at three different collision energies based on the potential energy surface [Verbockhaven G et al. 2005 J. Chem. Phys. 122 204307] using quasi-classical trajectory theory. The polarization-dependent differential cross sections （PDDCSs） （2π/σ ）（dσ 00 /dω t ）, （2π/σ ）（dσ 20 /dωt ）, （2π/σ ）（dσ 22＋ /dωt ）, （2π/σ ）（dσ 21 /dω t ） and the distributions of P（θ r ）, P（φr ）, and P（θr ,φr ） are calculated. The results indicate that the rotational polarization of the CaCl product presents different characteristics for the different collision energies, and the effects of the collision energy on the vector potential, including the alignment, orientation, and PDDCSs, are not obvious.

On the Massless Vector Fields in a Rindler Space

We study the quantum theory of the mass-less vector fields on the Rindler space. We evaluate the Bogoliubov coefficients by means of a new technique based upon the use of light-front coordinates and Mellin transform. We briefly comment about the ensuing Unruh effect and its consequences.