The desert plant Hedysarum scoparium uses leaflets and rachises as its photosynthetic organs. The abundance of leaflets was lower under unfavorable environmental conditions and higher with improved water conditions. T...The desert plant Hedysarum scoparium uses leaflets and rachises as its photosynthetic organs. The abundance of leaflets was lower under unfavorable environmental conditions and higher with improved water conditions. To examine the characteristics associated with the adaptation of H. scoparium to its environment, we selected plants with both compound leaves and rachis without leaflets to study the anatomical structures and gas exchange characteristics of the two organs. The results show that the water storage tissues in rachises were more developed compared with the leaflets. The diurnal courses of the net photosynthetic rate for the rachis and the leaflet were both in a bimodal pattern. Meanwhile, both two peak values of the rachis were significantly higher than those of the leaflet. The daily average transpiration rate was significantly higher in the rachis than in the leaflet in order to lower the temperature of the rachises. It was concluded that under desert drought conditions, the leaflets of H. scoparium were partially or completely degraded to reduce the transpiration area as an adaptive response to water deficit, and only the rachises were retained as photosynthetic organ. The rachises were found to be better suited to a desert habitat than the leaflets.展开更多
A mutant with abnormal hull was first discovered from a twin-seedling strain W2555 in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The mutant had sparse branches and decreased number of florets from the base to the peak. Frequently, the...A mutant with abnormal hull was first discovered from a twin-seedling strain W2555 in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The mutant had sparse branches and decreased number of florets from the base to the peak. Frequently, the florets at the top of the panicle did not develop completely. The underdeveloped florets often showed slender and white in their life cycle. Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant traits were controlled by a single recessive gene （temporarily designated as ah）. ah gene controlled the development of inflorescence meristem and the flower organ. The florets of mutant showed degenerated lemma and palea. Stamens and lodicules were homeoticly transformed into pistils and palea/lemma-like structures, respectively. It seemed that ah mutant phenotypes of the homeotic conversions in lodicules and stamens were very similar to that of the B loss-of-function spwl gene reported previously in rice.展开更多
Anatomical, histochemical and phytochemical methods were used to investigate the structure, localization and dynamic changes of total saponin and senegenin of vegetative organs in Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Histochemi...Anatomical, histochemical and phytochemical methods were used to investigate the structure, localization and dynamic changes of total saponin and senegenin of vegetative organs in Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Histochemical localization results showed that saponin accumulated mainly in parenchyma cells of vegetative organs. The phytochemical results also showed that the saponin accumulated in the vegetative organs of P. tenuifolia, with higher content in roots and lower content in the aerial parts that included stems and leaves. The saponin content and dry weight of the vegetative organs of P. tenuifolia had dynamic variance at the developmental stages and all reached the highest level in the post-fruit period. Hence, the roots and aerial parts should be gathered in August to make full use of the plant. As the root is the main medicinal organ of P. tenuifolia, the content of total saponin and senegenin of different aged and different parts of the root were determined. The content of total saponin and senegenin exhibited a sustained decreasing trend with increasing root age; therefore, the annual roots had high quality. The content of total saponin and senegenin in different parts of the root showed obvious variation. The content in the ＂skin areas＂ was much higher than that of xylem. The results offer a theoretical basis for determining the appropriate harvesting stage and a reasonable harvest of P. tenuifolia.展开更多
以铁皮石斛的茎尖为外植体,诱导产生原球茎,进一步培养形成幼苗.结果表明:原球茎诱导以1/2 M S+6-BA 0.3 m g.L-1+KT 0.1 m g.L-1+LH 1.0 g.L-1为最优,而生根培养以M S+NAA 0.05 m g.L-1+KT0.1 m g.L-1+叶酸2.0 m g.L-1+L a稀土10 m g....以铁皮石斛的茎尖为外植体,诱导产生原球茎,进一步培养形成幼苗.结果表明:原球茎诱导以1/2 M S+6-BA 0.3 m g.L-1+KT 0.1 m g.L-1+LH 1.0 g.L-1为最优,而生根培养以M S+NAA 0.05 m g.L-1+KT0.1 m g.L-1+叶酸2.0 m g.L-1+L a稀土10 m g.L-1为佳.对铁皮石斛试管苗营养器官及原球茎的解剖学研究表明,根由复表皮、皮层和维管柱组成,皮层发达,初生木质部五原型,中央具髓;茎由表皮、基本组织和散生维管束构成;叶为等面叶,在上下表皮处分布有厚壁组织;原球茎是由顶端分生组织后面的薄壁细胞脱分化形成胚性细胞经球状胚发育而来.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natu-ral Sciences Foundation of China (40771005 30870382)+1 种基金the CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Action Plan for West Development Project (KZCX2-XB2-04-01KZCX2-XB2-09-03)
文摘The desert plant Hedysarum scoparium uses leaflets and rachises as its photosynthetic organs. The abundance of leaflets was lower under unfavorable environmental conditions and higher with improved water conditions. To examine the characteristics associated with the adaptation of H. scoparium to its environment, we selected plants with both compound leaves and rachis without leaflets to study the anatomical structures and gas exchange characteristics of the two organs. The results show that the water storage tissues in rachises were more developed compared with the leaflets. The diurnal courses of the net photosynthetic rate for the rachis and the leaflet were both in a bimodal pattern. Meanwhile, both two peak values of the rachis were significantly higher than those of the leaflet. The daily average transpiration rate was significantly higher in the rachis than in the leaflet in order to lower the temperature of the rachises. It was concluded that under desert drought conditions, the leaflets of H. scoparium were partially or completely degraded to reduce the transpiration area as an adaptive response to water deficit, and only the rachises were retained as photosynthetic organ. The rachises were found to be better suited to a desert habitat than the leaflets.
基金This work was supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRTO453).
文摘A mutant with abnormal hull was first discovered from a twin-seedling strain W2555 in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The mutant had sparse branches and decreased number of florets from the base to the peak. Frequently, the florets at the top of the panicle did not develop completely. The underdeveloped florets often showed slender and white in their life cycle. Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant traits were controlled by a single recessive gene （temporarily designated as ah）. ah gene controlled the development of inflorescence meristem and the flower organ. The florets of mutant showed degenerated lemma and palea. Stamens and lodicules were homeoticly transformed into pistils and palea/lemma-like structures, respectively. It seemed that ah mutant phenotypes of the homeotic conversions in lodicules and stamens were very similar to that of the B loss-of-function spwl gene reported previously in rice.
基金Funded Projects of Independent Innovation of NorthwestUniversity Postgraduates (07YZZ25)the Shaanxi Provincial NaturalScience Foundation (SJ08-ZT02)
文摘Anatomical, histochemical and phytochemical methods were used to investigate the structure, localization and dynamic changes of total saponin and senegenin of vegetative organs in Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Histochemical localization results showed that saponin accumulated mainly in parenchyma cells of vegetative organs. The phytochemical results also showed that the saponin accumulated in the vegetative organs of P. tenuifolia, with higher content in roots and lower content in the aerial parts that included stems and leaves. The saponin content and dry weight of the vegetative organs of P. tenuifolia had dynamic variance at the developmental stages and all reached the highest level in the post-fruit period. Hence, the roots and aerial parts should be gathered in August to make full use of the plant. As the root is the main medicinal organ of P. tenuifolia, the content of total saponin and senegenin of different aged and different parts of the root were determined. The content of total saponin and senegenin exhibited a sustained decreasing trend with increasing root age; therefore, the annual roots had high quality. The content of total saponin and senegenin in different parts of the root showed obvious variation. The content in the ＂skin areas＂ was much higher than that of xylem. The results offer a theoretical basis for determining the appropriate harvesting stage and a reasonable harvest of P. tenuifolia.
文摘以铁皮石斛的茎尖为外植体,诱导产生原球茎,进一步培养形成幼苗.结果表明:原球茎诱导以1/2 M S+6-BA 0.3 m g.L-1+KT 0.1 m g.L-1+LH 1.0 g.L-1为最优,而生根培养以M S+NAA 0.05 m g.L-1+KT0.1 m g.L-1+叶酸2.0 m g.L-1+L a稀土10 m g.L-1为佳.对铁皮石斛试管苗营养器官及原球茎的解剖学研究表明,根由复表皮、皮层和维管柱组成,皮层发达,初生木质部五原型,中央具髓;茎由表皮、基本组织和散生维管束构成;叶为等面叶,在上下表皮处分布有厚壁组织;原球茎是由顶端分生组织后面的薄壁细胞脱分化形成胚性细胞经球状胚发育而来.
