Evaluation of Right Ventricular Volume and Systolic Function by Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography

The optimal plane for measurement of the right ventricular (RV) volumes by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was determined and the feasibility and accuracy of RT3DE in studying RV systolic function was assessed. RV “Full volume” images were acquired by RT3DE in 22 healthy subjects. RV end-diastolic volumes (RVEDV) and end-systolic volumes (RVESV) were outlined using apical biplane, 4-plane, 8-plane, 16-plane offline separately. RVSV and RVEF were calculated. Meanwhile tricuspid annual systolic excursion (TASE) was measured by M-mode echo. LVSV was outlined by 2-D echo according to the biplane Simpson's rule. The results showed: (1) There was a good correlation between RVSV measured from series planes and LVSV from 2-D echo (r=0.73; r=0.69; r=0.63; r=0.66, P<0.25—0.0025); (2) There were significant differences between RVEDV in biplane and those in 4-, 8-, 16-plane (P<0.001). There was also difference between RV volume in 4-plane and that in 8-plane (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between RV volume in 8-plane and that in 16-plane (P>0.05); (3) Inter-observers and intro-observers variability analysis showed that there were close agreements and relations for RV volumes (r=0.986, P<0.001; r=0.93, P<0.001); (4) There was a significantly positive correlation of TASE to RVSV and RVEF from RT3DE (r=0.83; r=0.90). So RV volume measures with RT3DE are rapid, accurate and reproducible. In view of RV's complex shape, apical 8-plane method is better in clinical use. It may allow early detection of RV systolic function.

Quantitative Assessment of Right Ventricular Systolic Function by the Analysis of Right Ventricular Contrast Time-intensity Curve

Summary: To study reliability and reliable indices of quantitative assessment of right ventricular systolic function by time-intensity curve (TIC) with right ventricular contrast, 5 % sonicated human albumin was injected intravenously at a does of 0.08 ml/kg into 10 dogs at baseline status and cardiac insufficiency. Apical four-chamber view was observed for washin and washout of contrast agent from right ventricle. The parameters of TIC were obtained by curve fitting. The differences of parameters were analyzed in different states of cardiac functions. Among the parameters derived from TIC, the time constant (k) was decreased significantly with decline of cardiac function (P<0.001). But half-time of decent of peak intensity (HT) and mean-transit-time (MTT) of washout were increased significantly (P<0.001). The k was strongly related to cardiac output of right ventricle (CO) and ejection fraction (EF) of left ventricle and fractional shortening (FS) of left ventricle. Right ventricular systolic function could be assessed reliably by the parameters derived from TIC with right ventricular contrast echocardiography. The k, HT and MTT are reliable indices for quantitative assessment of right ventricular systolic function.

Usefulness of myocardial performance index for assessing right ventricular function after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect

Objective Assessment of right ventricular function in patients with atrial septal defect(ASD)is difficult.The Doppler myocardial performance index(MPI)may provide a method of assessing function in these patients.The purposes of this study were to evaluate the right ventricular function and its changes in patients with ASD after transcatheter closure of ASD.Methods MPI,defined as the sum of isovolumic relaxation time and isovolumic contraction time derived by ejection time,was measured from tricuspid inflow and right ventricular outflow;Doppler velocity profiles recorded during routine echocardiography.Twenty nine patients(13 men,16 women;mean age 25.28±12.69,range 6 to 57 years)were diagnosed to secundum ASD[the stretched diameters of ASD were from 9 To 36(24.91±7.98)mm],and had a successfully placed Amplatzer septal occluder(ASO)(the sizes of ASO were from 11 to 40 mm);there were 81 sex-matched,age-matched healthy people(control group 41men,40 women;mean age 29.02±14.22,range 4 to 45 years).MPI was measured again on 3 days and 1 month after closure of ASD.Change in the study group was assessed and compared to the control subjects with structurally normal hearts.A complete 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed in all study groups.Results 1)The isovolumic relaxation and isovolumic contraction times[respectively(77.59±14.39)ms vs(60.93±12.94)ms,P<0.0001;(28.28±10.88)ms vs(23.64±9.01)ms,P=0.027]were prolonged,and ejection time[(260.65±21.86)ms vs(271.85±21.92)ms,P=0.033]was shortened in patients with ASD compared with that in control subjects,resulting in a marked increase in the MPI(0.40±0.07 vs 0.31±0.05,P<0.0001)from normal values;2)by Pearson's correlations,the MPI had no correlation with heart rate and blood pressure in control subjects and patients with ASD,but it correlated positively with age in patients with ASD;3)by Pearson's correlations,the MPI correlated positively with the diameter of ASD and pulmonary artery pressure;4)after transcatheter closure of ASD,the MPI decreased markedly.Conclusions 1)MPI is a conceptually new,simple,and reproducible Doppler index in patients with ASD;2)MPI is free from the effect of age,heart rate and blood pressure;(3)MPI appears to be relatively dependent on changes in the diameter of ASD and pulmonary artery pressure;4)the right ventricular function was improved after transcatheter closure of ASD.

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Global Longitudinal Function in Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot by Two-dimensional Ultrasound Speckle Tracking Imaging

Quantification of right ventricular(RV)volume and function remains a challenge because of RV complex geometry by conventional echocardiography.The purpose of this study was to assess RV global longitudinal function in patients with tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)by 2-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging(STI).Thirty-eight patients with TOF were enrolled in this study and divided into child group(n=25)and adult group(n=13)according to age.Thirty-eight age-and sex-matched normal subjects were selected as c...

Correlation between ductus venosus spectrum and right ventricular diastolic function in isolated single-umbilical-artery foetus and normal foetus in third trimester

BACKGROUND Single umbilical artery(SUA)is the most common umbilical cord malformation in prenatal diagnosis.The presence of an SUA can cause blood circulation disorder in the foetus and functional changes of the foetal heart,affecting foetal circulation.The right ventricular diastolic functions in foetuses with isolated SUA and in normal foetuses in the third trimester were evaluated using the spectral Doppler of blood flow in the foetal ductus venosus(DV).AIM To evaluate the right ventricular diastolic functions in foetuses with isolated SUA and in normal foetuses in the third trimester.METHODS Colour Doppler was used to measure the spectrum of foetal DV and tricuspid orifice in 34 foetuses with isolated SUA aged 28-39 wk and in age-matched healthy controls.The DV flow velocities and velocity ratios were measured.The early passive/late active(E/A)ratio at the tricuspid orifice and tissue Doppler Tei index of the foetal right ventricular in the two groups were also measured.RESULTS During the third trimester,the isolated SUA group showed a lower‘a’-wave peak velocity in the DV than the control group(P<0.05).The correlations between the velocity ratios and E/A ratio at the tricuspid orifice in the two groups were analysed,and the correlation between the ventricular late diastolic velocity/ventricular diastolic peak flow velocity and E/A ratios was the best(R^2of the isolated SUA group:0.520;R2 of the control group:0.358).The correlations between the velocity ratios and tissue Doppler Tei index of foetal right ventricular in the two groups were analysed,and the correlation between the pulsatility index for veins(PIV)and tissue Doppler Tei index ratios was the best(R2 of the isolated SUA group:0.865;R2 of the control group:0.627).CONCLUSION In the isolated SUA group,the atrial systolic peak velocity‘a’decreased,and this finding might be related to the changes in foetal cardiac functions.The ratio of ventricular late diastolic velocity to ventricular diastolic peak flow velocity was closely related to the E/A ratio at the tricuspid valve and can be used to identify changes in the right ventricular diastolic functions of isolated SUA and healthy foetuses.PIV was closely related to the tissue Doppler Tei index of the foetal right ventricular and can be used to identify the right ventricular overall functions of isolated SUA and healthy foetuses.

Effect of arotinolol on right ventricular function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

Objective Dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) is generally considered to be accompanied by both left and right ventricular dysfunction,but most studies only analyze the left ventricular function. In this study,we evaluated the effect of arotinolol on right ventricular function in patients with DCM. Methods Right ventricular ejection fraction(RVEF) and right ventricular diameter(RVD) were measured by two-dimensional echocardiography(2-DE) in 33 DCM patients;RVEF measured by first-pass radionuclide angiography(FPRA) was compared with that by 2-DE. Results The treatment with arotinolol for one year resulted in a reduction in the right ventricular diameter(baseline,23.0 ± 8.3 mm vs after one-year treatment,20.7 ± 5.4 mm;P=0.004 ) and an associated increase in ejection fraction(baseline,36.9 ± 10.3% vs after one-year treatment,45.8 ± 9.6%;P < 0.001 ) ;there is a high correlation between the 2-DE method and radionuclide ventriculographic method. The correlation coefficient is 0.933(P<0.001) . Conclusion Arotinolol therapy could not only improve left ventricular function,but also improve right ventricular function in DCM patients.

QUANTIFICATION OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT USING ULTRASOUND- BASED STRAIN RATE IMAGING

Objective To study the validation of ultrasound-based strain rate imaging in the quantitative assessment of right ventricular （RV） function in atrial septal defect （ASD）. Methods Tissue Doppler images （TDI） of RV longitudinal and short axes were recorded from the apical 4-chamber view and the subcostal short-axis view in 18 normal controls, 28 children with ASD and 14 children after Amplazter closure of ASD respectively. Peak systolic velocities （ V）, peak systolic strain rates （SR）, peak systolic strains （S） at the basal segment, middle segment of RV lateral wall and the basal septum from the longitudinal axis, the middle segment of RV free waU from the short axis were quantitatively measured using QLAB^TM tissue velocity quantification software system respectively. Peak dp/ dt from the RV isovolumic contraction determined during the right cardiac catheterization in 28 ASD patients was used as the gold standard of RV contractility. Peak systolic indices were compared against max dp/dt by linear correlation, Results Peak systolic indices at the basal and middle segments of RV lateral wall from the longitudiual axis increased significantly in 28 ASD patients. Peak systolic indices at the basal septum also increased in patient group, but not significantly. Significant decreases in peak systolic indices at the basal and middle segments of RV lateral wall were observed after the Amplatzer closure in 14 ASD patients. There was no significant difference at the middle segment of RV free wall from the short axis between patient group and normal control. A strong correlation was found between max dp/dt and peak systolic indices at the basal and middle segments of RV lateral wal l （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Ultrasound-based strain rate imaging can assess quantitatively RVfunction in CHD. Peak systolic strains determined at the basal and middle segments of RV lateral wall are strong noninvasive indices of RV contractility.

Evaluation of right ventricular volume and systolic function in normal fetuses using intelligent spatiotemporal image correlation

BACKGROUND Heart defects are the most common congenital malformations in fetuses.Fetal cardiac structure and function abnormalities lead to changes in ventricular volume.As ventricular volume is an important index for evaluating fetal cardiovascular development,an effective and reliable method for measuring fetal ventricular volume and cardiac function is necessary for accurate ultrasonic diagnosis and effective clinical treatment.The new intelligent spatiotemporal image correlation(iSTIC)technology acquires high-resolution volumetric images.In this study,the iSTIC technique was used to measure right ventricular volume and to evaluate right ventricular systolic function to provide a more accurate and convenient evaluation of fetal heart function.AIM To investigate the value of iSTIC in evaluating right ventricular volume and systolic function in normal fetuses.METHODS Between October 2014 and September 2015,a total of 123 pregnant women received prenatal ultrasound examinations in our hospital.iSTIC technology was used to acquire the entire fetal cardiac volume with off-line analysis using QLAB software.Cardiac systolic and diastolic phases were defined by opening of the atrioventricular valve and the subsequent closure of the atrioventricular valve.The volumetric data of the two phases were measured by manual tracking and summation of multiple slices and recording of the right ventricular end-systolic volume and the right ventricular end-diastolic volume.The data were used to calculate the right stroke volume,the right cardiac output,and the right ejection fraction.The correlations of changes between the above-mentioned indices and gestational age were analyzed.The right ventricular volumes of 30 randomly selected cases were measured twice by the same sonographer,and the intraobserver agreement measurements were calculated.RESULTS Among the 123 normal fetuses,the mean right ventricular end-diastolic volume increased from 0.99±0.34 mL at 22 wk gestation to 3.69±0.36 mL at 35+6 wk gestation.The mean right ventricular end-systolic volume increased from 0.43±0.18 mL at 22 wk gestation to 1.36±0.22 mL at 35+6 wk gestation.The mean right stroke volume increased from 0.62±0.29 mL at 22 wk gestation to 2.33±0.18 mL at 35+6 wk gestation.The mean right cardiac output increased from 92.23±40.67 mL/min at 22 wk gestation to 335.83±32.75 mL/min at 35+6 wk gestation.Right ventricular end-diastolic volume,right ventricular end-systolic volume,right stroke volume,and right cardiac output all increased with gestational age and the correlations were linear(P<0.01).Right ejection fraction had no apparent correlation with gestational age(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Fetal right ventricular volume can be quantitatively measured using iSTIC technology with relative ease and high repeatability.iSTIC technology is expected to provide a new method for clinical evaluation of fetal cardiac function.

应用二维斑点追踪技术评估阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者右心室功能

目的 :应用二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STI)技术评价阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者右心室收缩功能的改变。方法:纳入经多导睡眠监测确诊OSAS患者49例为OSA组,根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)进行分度,轻度12例,中度9例,重度28例,同期选择年龄、性别相匹配无打鼾史的健康志愿者40例为对照组。应用常规超声心动图和2D-STI技术测量所有受试者的超声心动图参数,比较两组参数的差异。结果:与对照组相比,OSA组右房容积指数(RAVI)显著增大(P=0.04),三尖瓣口舒张晚期血流峰值速度(A-tv)显著升高(P=0.025),三尖瓣口舒张早期血流峰值速度/三尖瓣口舒张晚期血流峰值速度(E/A)减低(P=0.047),组织多普勒(TDI)三尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(Ea)显著减低(P=0.014)。OSA组右心室整体纵向应变(RV-GLS)(P=0.036)和右心室游离壁纵向应变(RV-FWLS)(P=0.039)显著减低。轻中度组与重度组比较,重度组RV-GLS(P=0.002)、RV-FWLS(P=0.030)显著减低,重度组RVFW基底段纵向应变(P=0.033)、心尖段纵向应变(P=0.028)显著减低,两组RVFW中间段纵向应变差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:OSAS患者右心室舒张和收缩功能均出现异常改变,2D-STI可早期发现OSAS患者右心室收缩功能的改变,且随着病情严重程度的增加,收缩功能呈减低趋势,右心室纵向应变可作为临床重要的参数,为临床治疗和预后提供有价值的信息。

右心声学造影定量分析技术评价肺心病患者右心室收缩功能对预后的预测效能

目的探讨右心声学造影定量分析技术评价肺源性心脏病(简称“肺心病”)患者右心室收缩功能对预后的预测效能。方法前瞻性选取2020年4月至2022年12月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的113例肺心病患者,根据治疗后6个月内是否发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)分为预后不良组30例和预后良好组83例。比较两组患者的临床资料及右心室收缩功能指标[右心室收缩末期容积(RVESV)、右室舒张末容积(RVEDV)、右室每搏量(RVSV)、右室射血分数(RVEF)]、右心声学造影定量参数[时间常数(K)、三尖瓣环收缩期峰值速度(Vs)、峰值强度减半时间(HT)、平均通过时间(MTT)],采用Pearson相关系数分析各定量参数与右心室收缩功能指标的相关性,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价各参数单独及联合应用对预后的预测效能。结果预后不良组患者的RVESV、RVEDV分别为(58.35±8.42)mL、(84.56±13.97)mL,明显高于预后良好组的(43.77±6.17)mL、(64.50±10.48)mL,RVSV、RVEF分别为(20.61±3.80)mL、(40.48±5.22)%,明显低于预后良好组的(25.87±5.29)mL、(48.10±6.35)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);预后不良组患者的K、Vs分别为(0.23±0.07)、(3.19±1.06)cm/s,明显低于预后良好组患者的(0.41±0.13)、(4.86±1.61)cm/s,HT、MTT分别为(42.77±10.21)s、(72.15±18.93)s,明显长于预后良好组患者的(25.52±7.33)s、(48.07±10.67)s,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Pearson相关系数分析结果显示,K、Vs与RVESV、RVEDV呈负相关(r=-0.625、-0.618,-0.651、-0.642),与RVSV、RVEF呈正相关(r=0.639、0.707,0.650、0.619),HT、MTT与RVESV、RVEDV呈正相关(r=0.636、0.665,0.704、0.629),与RVSV、RVEF呈负相关(r=-0.628、-0.641,-0.652、-0.701)(P<0.05);ROC分析结果显示,K、Vs、HT、MTT预测肺心病患者预后的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.843、0.750、0.767、0.838,敏感度分别为80.00%、83.33%、73.33%、80.00%,特异度分别为77.11%、60.24%、75.90%、81.93%,联合预测预后的AUC为0.945,敏感度为90.00%,特异度为86.75%;K、Vs低值的肺心病患者预后不良风险分别是高值患者的6.512倍、4.741倍,HT、MTT高值的肺心病患者预后不良风险分别是低值患者的4.648倍、7.590倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右心声学造影定量参数K、Vs、HT、MTT与肺心病患者右心室收缩功能及预后有关,可作为临床评估预后情况的有效检查方式之一。

希氏束起搏与右心室心尖部起搏对房室传导阻滞患者心脏结构学参数与功能学参数影响的临床研究

目的:探究希氏束起搏(HBP)与右心室心尖部起搏(RVAP)对房室传导阻滞(AVB)患者心脏结构学参数与功能学参数的影响。方法:选取收治的104例AVB患者为研究对象,随机分为HBP组和RVAP组各52例,HBP组行HBP治疗,RVAP组行RVAP治疗,比较两组术前、术后心脏结构学参数、心脏起搏参数、心率和血流动力学参数[心率(HR)、每搏输出量(SV)、心脏指数(CI)和左室射血分数(LVEF)]及QRS时限变化情况。结果:两组手术前后心脏结构学参数左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、室间隔厚度(IVS)、左室后壁厚度(LVPW)比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);术中、术后1个月、术后6个月心脏起搏阈值、R波幅度、电极阻抗比较无统计学差异(均P>0.05);术前、术后1个月,两组HR、SV、CI、LVEF、QRS时限比较无统计学差异(均P>0.05);术后6个月,HBP组HR、SV、CI、LVEF显著高于RVAP组(均P<0.05),RVAP组QRS波时限显著低于HBP组(P<0.05);结论:HBP对AVB患者的电-机械同步性优于RVAP,近期心脏血流动力学及心功能稳定性良好。

右心室改良心肌做功指数评估产科抗磷脂综合征累及胎儿右心室功能

目的观察右心室改良心肌做功指数(RV-Mod-MPI)评价产科抗磷脂综合征(OAPS)累及胎儿右心室功能的价值。方法前瞻性纳入45例OAPS孕妇(OAPS组)及60名健康孕妇(对照组),应用脉冲波多普勒(PW)分别采集胎儿三尖瓣、肺动脉瓣血流图像,获取其RV-Mod-MPI;记录晚孕期孕妇及新生儿资料并进行组间比较,绘制受试者工作特征曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),评估以胎儿RV-Mod-MPI预测OAPS组不良妊娠结局的效能。结果相比对照组,OAPS组胎儿RV-Mod-MPI较高,新生儿出生体质量及出生后1 min Apgar评分较低,而不良妊娠结局发生率较高(P均<0.05)。以胎儿RV-Mod-MPI预测OAPS组不良妊娠结局的AUC为0.726。结论胎儿RV-Mod-MPI可用于评价OAPS累及胎儿右心室功能并预测不良妊娠结局。

二维斑点追踪技术评价代谢综合征患者右室收缩功能及其与心外膜脂肪厚度的关系

目的应用二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STI)评价代谢综合征(MS)患者右室收缩功能,探讨其与心外膜脂肪厚度(EAT)的关系。方法选取65例MS患者(MS组)及同期健康体检者35例(对照组),收集各代谢因素包括年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、腰围身高比(WtHR)、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖(Glu)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC);应用常规超声心动图获取右室流出道近端内径(RVOT prox)、右室基底部内径(RV-B)、右室中部内径(RV-M)、右室长径(RV-L)、三尖瓣前叶瓣环收缩期位移(TAPSE)、三尖瓣环收缩期运动速度(S’)、三尖瓣口舒张早期与晚期峰值流速比值(E/A)、三尖瓣口舒张早期峰值流速与三尖瓣环舒张早期运动峰值速度比值(E/e’)、EAT、右室面积变化率(FAC);2D-STI技术获取右室整体纵向应变(RVGLS)、右室游离壁应变(RVFWS),比较两组上述参数的差异;分析RVFWS与各代谢因素之间的相关性。应用多元线性回归分析RVFWS的独立影响因素;采用Bootstrap自助抽样法分析临床指标是否介导EAT与RVFWS之间的关联。结果两组心率及各代谢因素比较显示,与对照组比较,MS组BMI、收缩压、舒张压、WtHR、Glu、TG、LDL-C、TC均增高,HDL-C减低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);两组年龄、性别、心率比较差异均无统计学意义。两组超声心动图参数比较显示,与对照组比较,MS组E/e’、EAT均增高,TAPSE、RVGLS、RVFWS均减低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);其余超声心动图参数比较差异均无统计学意义。MS组RVFWS与EAT、年龄、收缩压、舒张压、BMI、WtHR、Glu、TG、LDL-C、TC均呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关(均P<0.05);EAT、收缩压、Glu、TG、HDL-C均为RVFWS的独立影响因素(均P<0.05);EAT对RVFWS有直接影响,且收缩压、Glu、TG、HDL-C部分介导EAT对RVFWS的影响。结论2D-STI能敏感、准确地评价MS患者早期右室收缩功能。EAT为RVFWS的独立影响因素,可通过循环代谢部分介导其对右室功能产生影响。

对比机械通气重症肺炎及普通肺炎患者右心功能及右心室-肺动脉耦联的斑点追踪超声评价

目的 对比机械通气重症肺炎及普通肺炎患者的右心功能超声指标及右心室-肺动脉耦联指标的二维斑点追踪成像(2D-STI)评估价值。方法 选取66例肺炎患者,根据重症肺炎临床标准分为重症肺炎组25例和普通肺炎组41例,另纳入20例健康人为对照组进行超声心动图检查。于心尖四腔心切面获取右心室中段内径(RVD)、三尖瓣环收缩期位移(TAPSE)、三尖瓣环收缩期峰速度(S’)、三尖瓣反流峰值流速(TRV);经剑突下获取下腔静脉(IVC)长轴内径(IVCD)并计算呼吸变异率(IVCV)并估测右房压(RAP),并计算肺动脉收缩压(PASP)。右心室-肺动脉耦联指标以三尖瓣环收缩期位移(tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, TAPSE)和肺动脉收缩压(pulmonary artery systolic pressure, PASP)的比值(TAPSE/PASP)表示。应用二维斑点追踪成像(two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging, 2D-STI)技术获取右心室游离壁整体应变(RVLSfw),基底段应变(RVLSbas)、中段应变(RVLSmid)、心尖段应变(RVLSapi)。将RVLSfw纳入右心室-肺动脉耦联中获取新指标RVLSfw/PASP,比较组间差异并做相关性分析。结果 重症肺炎组RVD、IVCD、TRV、PASP均高于普通肺炎组和对照组,IVCV、TAPSE均低于普通肺炎组和对照组(P<0.05),重症肺炎组S’低于普通肺炎组(P<0.05);普通肺炎组RVD、IVCD高于对照组(P<0.05)。2D-STI指标:重症肺炎组RVLSfw、RVLSbas和RVLSapi均低于普通肺炎组和对照组(P<0.05),普通肺炎组和对照组之间该指标无统计学意义(P>0.05);右心室-肺动脉耦联指标:重症肺炎组TAPSE/PASP、S’/PASP和RVLSfw/PASP均低于普通肺炎组和对照组,普通肺炎组和对照组之间该指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相关性分析显示:RVLSfw/PASP和TAPSE/PASP呈强相关(r=0.927,P<0.05)。结论 2D-STI指标和右心室-肺动脉耦联均对接受机械通气的重症肺炎患者的右心功能评估有一定价值,RVLSfw/PASP可作为评估右心室-肺动脉耦联的可靠指标。

左束支区域起搏与右心室间隔起搏技术对老年患者左心室收缩同步性、心功能的影响

目的探讨左束支区域起搏与右心室间隔起搏技术对老年患者左心室收缩同步性、心功能的影响。方法回顾性选取2022年2月至2023年3月期间于郴州市第一人民医院心血管内科接受永久性心脏起搏器植入术治疗的80例老年患者的临床资料,根据心脏起搏电极植入部位分为两组,即对照组、观察组各40例。对照组患者于右心室间隔处植入心脏起搏器,观察组患者于左束支区域植入心脏起搏器。分别于患者心脏起搏器植入术后1个月、术后6个月、术后12个月观察各指标变化,包括左心室收缩同步性参数[左心室收缩期纵向应变达峰时间标准差(time to peak longitudinal strain standard deviation,Tls-SD)、最大差值(time to peak longitudinal strain maximum difference,Tls-dif),左心室收缩期径向应变达峰时间标准差(time to peak radial strain standard deviation,Trs-SD)、最大差值(time to peak radial strain maximum difference,Trs-dif),左心室收缩期环向应变达峰时间标准差(time to peak circumferential strain standard deviation,Tcs-SD)、最大差值(time to peak circumferential strain maximum difference,Tcs-dif)]以及心功能指标[左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、心排血量(cardiac output,CO)、心脏指数(cardiac index,CI)]、心腔大小[右心房内径(right atrial inner diameter,RAD)、左心房内径(left atrial diameter,LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESD)]、氨基末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)浓度等。于术后12个月测定起搏参数(感知、阈值、阻抗、心室起搏比例),并统计心脏起搏器植入术后12个月内心力衰竭再入院、死亡等不良事件发生情况。结果术后各时间点观察组心功能指标LVEF、CO、CI略高于对照组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后各时间点观察组心腔大小指标RAD、LAD、LVEDD、LVESD低于对照组,尤其是术后12个月[RAD:(36.63±2.22)mm vs.(40.13±1.61)mm,LAD:(31.09±1.14)mm vs.(38.32±1.08)mm,LVEDD:(49.76±3.22)mm vs.(54.63±3.14)mm,LVESD:(40.64±2.11)mm vs.(48.11±3.24)mm,P<0.05]。术后各时间点观察组左心室收缩同步性指标LSDI、Tls-SD、Tls-dif、Trs-SD、Trs-dif、Tcs-SD、Tcs-dif均低于对照组,尤其是术后12个月[LSDI:4.86%±0.83%vs.9.49%±0.48%,Tls-SD:(14.42±1.78)ms vs.(25.00±1.43)ms,Tls-dif:(50.92±4.53)ms vs.(90.17±8.41)ms,Trs-SD:(50.37±4.33)ms vs.(69.44±6.52)ms,Trs-dif:(141.03±15.64)ms vs.(179.04±18.42)ms,Tcs-SD:(37.85±3.41)ms vs.(48.10±4.62)ms,Tcs-dif:(130.09±14.53)ms vs.(158.09±18.57)ms,P<0.05]。术后各时间点观察组NT-proBNP浓度略低于对照组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组起搏程控参数起搏感知、阻抗比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组起搏阈值低于对照组[(0.66±0.10)V vs.(0.75±0.12)V,P<0.05];两组起搏程控参数起搏感知、阻抗、阈值均处于正常范围。观察组心室起搏比例低于对照组(43.23%±4.53%vs.73.43%±6.56%,P<0.05)。术后12个月观察组心力衰竭再入院发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(5.00%vs.22.50%,P<0.05)。结论左束支区域起搏技术在改善永久性心脏起搏器植入患者左心室收缩同步性、心功能方面优于右心室间隔起搏技术,术后12个月不良事件发生率较低,更有利于保护心功能,起搏参数稳定,属于一种有效且安全的起搏技术。

二维斑点追踪超声心动图技术对法布雷病患者右心室功能及应变特征的评估

目的:利用二维斑点追踪超声心动图技术评估法布雷病患者的右心室功能及应变特征。方法:回顾性收集2014年8月至2023年6月在北京大学第一医院经病理或基因检查证实的法布雷病患者57例(法布雷病组)和性别、年龄(±2岁)相匹配的健康对照者57例(正常对照组),比较两组临床基线资料、常规超声心动图参数及二维斑点追踪超声心动图技术测量的右心室应变参数。另将法布雷病组根据左心室质量指数(LVMI)大小分为左心室肥厚(LVH)亚组(n=22,男性LVMI≥115 g/m^(2),女性LVMI≥95 g/m^(2))和无LVH亚组(n=35,男性LVMI<115 g/m^(2),女性LVMI<95 g/m^(2)),比较两亚组的右心室应变特征,并分析右心室应变特征与LVH的关系。结果:(1)与正常对照组比,法布雷病组心率慢、B型利钠肽水平高、估算肾小球滤过率低,左心室后壁厚度(LVPWd)、室间隔厚度(IVSd)、右心室游离壁厚度(RVWT)增加,LVMI升高(P均<0.05)。(2)与无LVH亚组比,LVH亚组年龄大、收缩压高、估算肾小球滤过率低、B型利钠肽水平高,LVMI升高,RVWT增加(P均<0.05)。(3)与正常对照组比,法布雷病组的左心室整体长轴应变(LVGLS)、右心室整体长轴应变(RVGLS)、右心室游离壁应变(RVFWS)及右心室游离壁基底段应变(bal-RVFWS)、中间段应变(mid-RVFWS)和心尖部应变(api-RVFWS)均下降(P均<0.05)。右心室应变差值(ΔRV)在法布雷病组和正常对照组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)与无LVH亚组比,LVH亚组的LVGLS、RVGLS均降低,ΔRV升高(P均<0.05),RVFWS、bal-RVFWS、mid-RVFWS和api-RVFWS在两亚组间的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论:法布雷病患者的右心室整体和节段应变均已受到损害,其中伴LVH的患者RVGLS减低而RVFWS相对保留。

埃布斯坦畸形患者右心功能参数:超声心动图与MRI评估结果的相关性

目的分析超声心动图与心脏MRI所获埃布斯坦畸形(EA)患者右心功能参数的相关性。方法回顾性分析经手术证实的32例EA患者的经胸超声心动图及心脏MRI资料,观察超声心动图所获心腔大小、右心功能及应变参数与MRI所测功能右心室(fRV)射血分数(EF)的相关性。结果MRI所测32例EA的fRV-EF为(23.20±7.61)%。超声心动图所获32例EA右心功能参数中,fRV面积变化分数(fRV-FAC)(r=0.347,P=0.015)与MRI fRV-EF呈低度、fRV整体纵向应变(GLS)(r=0.801,P<0.001)与MRI fRV-EF呈高度正相关,房化右心室(aRV)面积/fRV面积与MRI fRV-EF呈高度负相关(r=-0.730,P=0.007),aRV面积/左心室面积(r=-0.450,P=0.042)及右心室前后径(r=-0.650,P=0.022)与MRI fRV-EF均呈中度负相关,左心室偏心指数(r=-0.347,P=0.049)、扩展格拉斯哥预后评分(r=-0.336,P=0.024)均与MRI fRV-EF呈低度负相关。结论超声心动图与MRI所获EA患者右心功能参数存在相关性;其中,fRV GLS及aRV面积/fRV面积均与MRI fRV-EF呈高度正相关,对于评估EA患者右心功能具有重要价值。

先天性心脏病术后右心功能影像学评估研究进展

右心功能恢复是维持心脏病术后患者循环稳定的关键,也是复杂先天性心脏病二期手术时期的重要参考因素。但右心室的复杂几何形态和室壁运动对右心功能的无创评估造成一定困难。心脏磁共振(CMR)是常用影像学方法中的“金标准”,复杂先天性心脏病术后需定期做CMR检查。CMR新技术的应用主要包括4D flow血流动力学测量、定量成像和示踪技术,根据心肌损伤程度评估右心室功能。超声心动图是应用最广的一线影像学检查,适用于所有先天性心脏病术后心功能评估,超声斑点追踪技术的发展已更加成熟。心脏计算机断层扫描评估血管和累及肺部病变具有突出优势,常作为CMR的替代方案。人工智能在图像处理技术的发展大幅度提升了影像学检查的诊断和预测价值。本文对CMR、超声心动图和心脏计算机断层扫描的特点和评估先天性心脏病术后右心功能的研究进展进行综述。