目的回顾分析应用第2版前列腺影像报告和数据系统(Prostate image reporting and data system,PI-RADS)在基层医院中诊断前列腺癌的价值。方法回顾性收集自2016年2月至今在我院行MR前列腺检查并有明确病理结果的20例病例,以病理结果为...目的回顾分析应用第2版前列腺影像报告和数据系统(Prostate image reporting and data system,PI-RADS)在基层医院中诊断前列腺癌的价值。方法回顾性收集自2016年2月至今在我院行MR前列腺检查并有明确病理结果的20例病例,以病理结果为金标准,评价应用PI-RADS version 2诊断前列腺癌的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果 20例患者经病理学证实的前列腺癌为3例,其余为前列腺增生。应用PIRADS version 2诊断前列腺癌的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为100%、75%、75%和100%。结论应用PIRADS version 2对前列腺癌的诊断效能很高,值得在基层医院中推广。展开更多
Background：Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System （PI-RADS） is a globally acceptable standardization for multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging （mp-MRI） in prostate cancer （PCa） diagnosis.The American C...Background：Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System （PI-RADS） is a globally acceptable standardization for multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging （mp-MRI） in prostate cancer （PCa） diagnosis.The American College of Radiology revised the PI-RADS to address the limitations of version 1 in December 2014.This study aimed to determine whether the PI-RADS version 2 （PI-RADS v2） scoring system improves the diagnostic accuracy of mp-MRI of the prostate compared with PI-RADS v1.Methods：This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board.A total of 401 consecutive patients,with clinically suspicious Pca undergoing 3.0 T mp-MRI （T2-weighted imaging ＋ diffusion-weighted imaging ＋ DCE） before transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy between June 2013 and July 2015,were included in the study.All patients were scored using the 5-point PI-RADS scoring system based on either PI-RADS v1 or v2.Receiver operating characteristics were calculated for statistical analysis.Sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic accuracy were compared using McNemar＇s test.Results：Pca was present in 150 of 401 （37.41%） patients.When we pooled data from both peripheral zone （PZ） and transition zone （TZ）,the areas under the curve were 0.889 for PI-RADS v1 and 0.942 for v2 （P =0.0001）.Maximal accuracy was achieved with a score threshold of 4.At this threshold,in the PZ,similar sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy were achieved with v 1 and v2 （all P 〉 0.05）.In the TZ,sensitivity was higher for v2 than for v1 （96.36% vs.76.36%,P =0.003）,specificity was similar for v2 and v1 （90.24% vs.84.15%,P =0.227）,and accuracy was higher for v2 than for v1 （92.70% vs.81.02%,P =0.002）.Conclusions：Both v1 and v2 showed good diagnostic performance for the detection of Pca.However,in the TZ,the performance was better with v2 than with v1.展开更多
Background： One of the main aims of the updated Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2 （PI-RADS v2） is to diminish variation in the interpretation and reporting of prostate imaging, especially among r...Background： One of the main aims of the updated Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2 （PI-RADS v2） is to diminish variation in the interpretation and reporting of prostate imaging, especially among readers with varied experience levels. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze diagnostic consistency and accuracy for prostate disease among six radiologists with different experience levels from a single center and to evaluate the diagnostic pcrformance of PI-RADS v2 scores in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer （PCa）. Methods： From December 2014 to March 2016, 84 PCa patients and 99 benign prostatic shyperplasia patients who underwent 3.0T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging before biopsy were included in our study. All patients received evaluation according to the PI-RADS v2 scale （1 5 scores） from six blinded readers （with 6 months and 2, 3, 4, 5, or 17 years of experience, respectively, the last reader was a reviewer/contributor for the PI-RADS v2）. The correlation among the readers＇ scores and the Gleason score （GS） was determined with the Kendall test. lntra-/inter-observer agreement was evaluated using K statistics, while receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the scores. Results： Based on the PI-RADS v2, the median k score and standard error among all possible pairs of readers were 0.506 and 0.043, respectively： the average correlation between the six readers＇ scores and the GS was positive, exhibiting weak-to-moderate strength （r = 0.391, P = 0.006）. The AUC values of the six radiologists were 0.883, 0.924, 0.927, 0.932, 0.929, and 0.947, respectively. Conclusion： The inter-reader agreement for the PI-RADS v2 among the six readers with different experience is weak to moderate. Different experience levels affect the interpretation of MRI images.展开更多
Introduction: This study aimed to develop valid and reliable scale with the intention of measure Coping Self-efficacy (CSES) of Iranian type 2 diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: Validity and reliability of Irani...Introduction: This study aimed to develop valid and reliable scale with the intention of measure Coping Self-efficacy (CSES) of Iranian type 2 diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: Validity and reliability of Iranian version of Coping Self-efficacy Scale (CSES) were measured by a cross-sectional study. Content validity, reliability and cultural equivalency were appraised through qualitative and quantitative study on 260 participants who have type 2 diabetes. Results: Reliability and validity of the scale and its four subscales, such as “stop unpleasant emotions and thoughts” (a = 0.92) “used problem-focused coping” (a = 0.71), Self-efficacy on diabetes problem solving (a = 0.74) and “get support from friends and family” (a = 0.67) were approved explicitly by a psychometric analysis;these show that the scale was slightly valid and reliable on the study setting. An intraclass correlation coefficient was satisfactory (p < 0.001). Criterion validity between total scale and metabolic control Index (HbA1c) of type 2 diabetic patients was significant (p < 0.001) and showed indirect correlation with the domains of the scale. Conclusion: Study findings supported the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of new Coping Self-efficacy-24 for measuring Coping Selfefficacy among Iranian type 2 diabetic patients. Based on our finding, we would like to recommend appropriate interventions in the future.展开更多
Shanghai free trade area from 28.78 square kilometers expanded to 120.72 square kilometers, the space has expanded to 4 times the original. But in the second, it is more important to achieve the functional area. New s...Shanghai free trade area from 28.78 square kilometers expanded to 120.72 square kilometers, the space has expanded to 4 times the original. But in the second, it is more important to achieve the functional area. New self trade test area covers the Lujiazui financial and Trade Zone, Jinqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone, Zhangiiang High Tech Park and comprehensive free trade zone, the state-level development zone has formed a respective unique function and mature operation mode, expanding area, the area co reform, the development of dislocation. In the special regulatory region, actively learn from international practice, to further intensify reform efforts, especially to explore the construction of offshore financing to adapt to the development of offshore trade environment, to become the highest degree of openness in the region. ＂The expansion of the Shanghai free trade zone will help to test the innovation of different industrial types in a wider range.＂展开更多
以褐菖鲉（Sebastiscus marmoratus）细胞色素P4501A四种生物标志物，即鳃丝EROD活性、肝EROD活性、肝CYP1 A mRNA和肝CYP1 A蛋白为指标，在泉州湾海域选择6个站位（包括1个对照站位），开展了为期两周的野外监测实验，研究了上述生物...以褐菖鲉（Sebastiscus marmoratus）细胞色素P4501A四种生物标志物，即鳃丝EROD活性、肝EROD活性、肝CYP1 A mRNA和肝CYP1 A蛋白为指标，在泉州湾海域选择6个站位（包括1个对照站位），开展了为期两周的野外监测实验，研究了上述生物标志物的变化特征以及它们同表层海水中石油类含量和沉积物物中16种优先监控的PAHs含量之间的相关性，并利用新一代综合生物标志物响应指数法（IBRv2）对监测站位石油类和PAHs污染效应进行了评价．结果显示，不同站位的上述四种生物标志物变化趋势基本一致；生物标志物的变化与相应站位表层水中石油类含量及沉积物中PAHs总含量相吻合；IBRv2分析结果表明，各监测站位IBRv2指数介于1.5-4.2之间，其中2号站环境污染压力最大，4号站最小．在复杂的海洋污染条件下，采用CYP1 A多种生物标志物监测技术能够更加全面反映石油类等污染及其生物效应状况．展开更多
目的:评价中文版神经精神病学评定表2.1(Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry Version 2.1,SCAN2.1)在精神科应用的信度和效度。方法:选取门诊及住院的各类精神障碍患者100例,选取与精神障碍组在性别、年龄及教育程...目的:评价中文版神经精神病学评定表2.1(Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry Version 2.1,SCAN2.1)在精神科应用的信度和效度。方法:选取门诊及住院的各类精神障碍患者100例,选取与精神障碍组在性别、年龄及教育程度相匹配的正常对照100例作为对照。由6名研究人员对8例病例同时进行评定以检验研究者信度;选取另外10例病例由1名研究人员1周后进行重测,以检验重测信度。精神科医生对200例入组者根据国际疾病和相关健康问题统计分类第十版(ICD-10)做出的临床诊断作为"金标准",6名研究者对200例被试用SCAN2.1中的精神现状检查第十版(PSE-10)部分进行访谈,得出诊断结果与"金标准"进行比较,评估中文版SCAN2.1的效度;结果:SCAN2.1中文版研究人员之间信度和重测信度kappa值分别为0.76和0.74。校标效度中,灵敏度95.0%,特异度100%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值95.2%,kappa值0.95。对精神分裂症病诊断的灵敏度88.5%、特异度100%、阳性预测值100%、阴性预测值98.9%、kappa值0.89;对心境障碍病的灵敏度100%、特异度100%、阳性预测值100%、阴性预测值100%、Kappa值1.0,对神经症、应激相关及躯体形式障碍病种的灵敏度92.3%、特异度100%、阳性预测值100%、阴性预测值98.9%、kappa值0.95。结论:神经精神病学评定表2.1中文版有较高的信度和效度,可在国内临床中应用。展开更多
SiB2(simple biosphere model Version 2)是用来模拟生态系统通量较为理想的国外模型,为了探讨其在我国黄河灌区的适用性及利用遥感数据驱动模型的可行性,并用其来研究该地区农田能量收支情况,以位山灌区为研究试点,利用位山实验站1a左...SiB2(simple biosphere model Version 2)是用来模拟生态系统通量较为理想的国外模型,为了探讨其在我国黄河灌区的适用性及利用遥感数据驱动模型的可行性,并用其来研究该地区农田能量收支情况,以位山灌区为研究试点,利用位山实验站1a左右的观测数据对模型进行了验证分析,模拟结果表明:SiB2模型能够较好地模拟位山试验站农田的能量通量、CO2通量及地表温度,净辐射、潜热通量、感热通量、CO2通量与地表温度的模拟值与观测值吻合较好,线性相关系数R分别为0.988,0.714,0.607,0.677与0.933,其中净辐射模拟效果最好,感热通量偏差较大。另外,利用遥感MODIS LAI数据驱动SiB2模型表明,除净辐射外,模拟效果很差,因此在站点尺度遥感LAI(叶面积指数,leaf area index)产品不适合驱动SiB2模型。展开更多
Considering wireless sensor network characteristics,this paper uses network simulator,version2(NS-2)algorithm to improve Ad hoc on-demand distance vector(AODV)routing algorithm,so that it can be applied to wireless se...Considering wireless sensor network characteristics,this paper uses network simulator,version2(NS-2)algorithm to improve Ad hoc on-demand distance vector(AODV)routing algorithm,so that it can be applied to wireless sensor networks.After studying AODV routing protocol,a new algorithm called Must is brought up.This paper introduces the background and algorithm theory of Must,and discusses the details about how to implement Must algorithm.At last,using network simulator(NS-2),the performance of Must is evaluated and compared with that of AODV.Simulation results show that the network using Must algorithm has perfect performance.展开更多
文摘目的回顾分析应用第2版前列腺影像报告和数据系统(Prostate image reporting and data system,PI-RADS)在基层医院中诊断前列腺癌的价值。方法回顾性收集自2016年2月至今在我院行MR前列腺检查并有明确病理结果的20例病例,以病理结果为金标准,评价应用PI-RADS version 2诊断前列腺癌的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果 20例患者经病理学证实的前列腺癌为3例,其余为前列腺增生。应用PIRADS version 2诊断前列腺癌的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为100%、75%、75%和100%。结论应用PIRADS version 2对前列腺癌的诊断效能很高,值得在基层医院中推广。
基金This study was supported by a grant of National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81171307）.
文摘Background：Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System （PI-RADS） is a globally acceptable standardization for multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging （mp-MRI） in prostate cancer （PCa） diagnosis.The American College of Radiology revised the PI-RADS to address the limitations of version 1 in December 2014.This study aimed to determine whether the PI-RADS version 2 （PI-RADS v2） scoring system improves the diagnostic accuracy of mp-MRI of the prostate compared with PI-RADS v1.Methods：This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board.A total of 401 consecutive patients,with clinically suspicious Pca undergoing 3.0 T mp-MRI （T2-weighted imaging ＋ diffusion-weighted imaging ＋ DCE） before transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy between June 2013 and July 2015,were included in the study.All patients were scored using the 5-point PI-RADS scoring system based on either PI-RADS v1 or v2.Receiver operating characteristics were calculated for statistical analysis.Sensitivity,specificity,and diagnostic accuracy were compared using McNemar＇s test.Results：Pca was present in 150 of 401 （37.41%） patients.When we pooled data from both peripheral zone （PZ） and transition zone （TZ）,the areas under the curve were 0.889 for PI-RADS v1 and 0.942 for v2 （P =0.0001）.Maximal accuracy was achieved with a score threshold of 4.At this threshold,in the PZ,similar sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy were achieved with v 1 and v2 （all P 〉 0.05）.In the TZ,sensitivity was higher for v2 than for v1 （96.36% vs.76.36%,P =0.003）,specificity was similar for v2 and v1 （90.24% vs.84.15%,P =0.227）,and accuracy was higher for v2 than for v1 （92.70% vs.81.02%,P =0.002）.Conclusions：Both v1 and v2 showed good diagnostic performance for the detection of Pca.However,in the TZ,the performance was better with v2 than with v1.
文摘Background： One of the main aims of the updated Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2 （PI-RADS v2） is to diminish variation in the interpretation and reporting of prostate imaging, especially among readers with varied experience levels. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze diagnostic consistency and accuracy for prostate disease among six radiologists with different experience levels from a single center and to evaluate the diagnostic pcrformance of PI-RADS v2 scores in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer （PCa）. Methods： From December 2014 to March 2016, 84 PCa patients and 99 benign prostatic shyperplasia patients who underwent 3.0T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging before biopsy were included in our study. All patients received evaluation according to the PI-RADS v2 scale （1 5 scores） from six blinded readers （with 6 months and 2, 3, 4, 5, or 17 years of experience, respectively, the last reader was a reviewer/contributor for the PI-RADS v2）. The correlation among the readers＇ scores and the Gleason score （GS） was determined with the Kendall test. lntra-/inter-observer agreement was evaluated using K statistics, while receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the scores. Results： Based on the PI-RADS v2, the median k score and standard error among all possible pairs of readers were 0.506 and 0.043, respectively： the average correlation between the six readers＇ scores and the GS was positive, exhibiting weak-to-moderate strength （r = 0.391, P = 0.006）. The AUC values of the six radiologists were 0.883, 0.924, 0.927, 0.932, 0.929, and 0.947, respectively. Conclusion： The inter-reader agreement for the PI-RADS v2 among the six readers with different experience is weak to moderate. Different experience levels affect the interpretation of MRI images.
文摘Introduction: This study aimed to develop valid and reliable scale with the intention of measure Coping Self-efficacy (CSES) of Iranian type 2 diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: Validity and reliability of Iranian version of Coping Self-efficacy Scale (CSES) were measured by a cross-sectional study. Content validity, reliability and cultural equivalency were appraised through qualitative and quantitative study on 260 participants who have type 2 diabetes. Results: Reliability and validity of the scale and its four subscales, such as “stop unpleasant emotions and thoughts” (a = 0.92) “used problem-focused coping” (a = 0.71), Self-efficacy on diabetes problem solving (a = 0.74) and “get support from friends and family” (a = 0.67) were approved explicitly by a psychometric analysis;these show that the scale was slightly valid and reliable on the study setting. An intraclass correlation coefficient was satisfactory (p < 0.001). Criterion validity between total scale and metabolic control Index (HbA1c) of type 2 diabetic patients was significant (p < 0.001) and showed indirect correlation with the domains of the scale. Conclusion: Study findings supported the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of new Coping Self-efficacy-24 for measuring Coping Selfefficacy among Iranian type 2 diabetic patients. Based on our finding, we would like to recommend appropriate interventions in the future.
文摘Shanghai free trade area from 28.78 square kilometers expanded to 120.72 square kilometers, the space has expanded to 4 times the original. But in the second, it is more important to achieve the functional area. New self trade test area covers the Lujiazui financial and Trade Zone, Jinqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone, Zhangiiang High Tech Park and comprehensive free trade zone, the state-level development zone has formed a respective unique function and mature operation mode, expanding area, the area co reform, the development of dislocation. In the special regulatory region, actively learn from international practice, to further intensify reform efforts, especially to explore the construction of offshore financing to adapt to the development of offshore trade environment, to become the highest degree of openness in the region. ＂The expansion of the Shanghai free trade zone will help to test the innovation of different industrial types in a wider range.＂
文摘目的:评价中文版神经精神病学评定表2.1(Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry Version 2.1,SCAN2.1)在精神科应用的信度和效度。方法:选取门诊及住院的各类精神障碍患者100例,选取与精神障碍组在性别、年龄及教育程度相匹配的正常对照100例作为对照。由6名研究人员对8例病例同时进行评定以检验研究者信度;选取另外10例病例由1名研究人员1周后进行重测,以检验重测信度。精神科医生对200例入组者根据国际疾病和相关健康问题统计分类第十版(ICD-10)做出的临床诊断作为"金标准",6名研究者对200例被试用SCAN2.1中的精神现状检查第十版(PSE-10)部分进行访谈,得出诊断结果与"金标准"进行比较,评估中文版SCAN2.1的效度;结果:SCAN2.1中文版研究人员之间信度和重测信度kappa值分别为0.76和0.74。校标效度中,灵敏度95.0%,特异度100%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值95.2%,kappa值0.95。对精神分裂症病诊断的灵敏度88.5%、特异度100%、阳性预测值100%、阴性预测值98.9%、kappa值0.89;对心境障碍病的灵敏度100%、特异度100%、阳性预测值100%、阴性预测值100%、Kappa值1.0,对神经症、应激相关及躯体形式障碍病种的灵敏度92.3%、特异度100%、阳性预测值100%、阴性预测值98.9%、kappa值0.95。结论:神经精神病学评定表2.1中文版有较高的信度和效度,可在国内临床中应用。
文摘SiB2(simple biosphere model Version 2)是用来模拟生态系统通量较为理想的国外模型,为了探讨其在我国黄河灌区的适用性及利用遥感数据驱动模型的可行性,并用其来研究该地区农田能量收支情况,以位山灌区为研究试点,利用位山实验站1a左右的观测数据对模型进行了验证分析,模拟结果表明:SiB2模型能够较好地模拟位山试验站农田的能量通量、CO2通量及地表温度,净辐射、潜热通量、感热通量、CO2通量与地表温度的模拟值与观测值吻合较好,线性相关系数R分别为0.988,0.714,0.607,0.677与0.933,其中净辐射模拟效果最好,感热通量偏差较大。另外,利用遥感MODIS LAI数据驱动SiB2模型表明,除净辐射外,模拟效果很差,因此在站点尺度遥感LAI(叶面积指数,leaf area index)产品不适合驱动SiB2模型。
文摘目的基于第二版前列腺影像报告数据系统(PI-RAVS V2)对比双参数磁共振成像(BP-MRI)和多参数磁共振成像(MP-MRI)对前列腺癌(PCa)的诊断价值。方法选取2015年3月至2017年12月南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院收治的66例未经治疗临床怀疑PCa的患者进行MRI检查,包括T2加权成像(T2WI)、扩散加权成像(DWI)及动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI),均经前列腺活检确定病理结果。两名放射科医师基于PI-RADS V2对BP-MRI及MP-MRI方案的诊断性能进行评估。结果病理证实27例PCa,其中23例位于外周带,4例位于移行带。BP-MRI检测PCa的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90.6%(25/27)、97.7%(38/39)、92.4%(61/66)、95.8%(23/24)、94.7%(36/38),MP-MRI为87.2%(23/27)、95.3%(36/39)、93.9%(62/66)、89.3%(25/28)、90.5%(34/43)。结论与常规MP-MRI方案相比,3.0 T BP-MRI方案具有相似的诊断精度,检查时间较短且无需使用对比剂。
文摘Considering wireless sensor network characteristics,this paper uses network simulator,version2(NS-2)algorithm to improve Ad hoc on-demand distance vector(AODV)routing algorithm,so that it can be applied to wireless sensor networks.After studying AODV routing protocol,a new algorithm called Must is brought up.This paper introduces the background and algorithm theory of Must,and discusses the details about how to implement Must algorithm.At last,using network simulator(NS-2),the performance of Must is evaluated and compared with that of AODV.Simulation results show that the network using Must algorithm has perfect performance.
