Age- and direction-related adaptations of lumbar vertebral trabecular bone with respect to apparent stiffness and tissue level stress distribution

The objective of this study was to study the age-related adaptation of lumbar vertebral trabecular bone at the apparent level, as well as the tissue level in three orthogonal directions. Ninety trabecular specimens were obtained from six normal L4 vertebral bodies of six male cadavers in two age groups, three aged 62 years and three aged 69 years, and were scanned using a high-resolution micro-computed tomography （micro-CT） system, then converted to micro- finite element models to do micro-finite element analyses. The relationship between apparent stiffness and bone volume fraction, and the tissue level yon Mises stress distribution for each trabecular specimen when compressed separately in the longitudinal direction, medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions （transverse directions） were derived and compared between two age groups. The results showed that at the apparent level, trabecular bones from 69-year group had stiffer bone structure relative to their volume fractions in all three directions, and in both age groups, changes in bone volume fraction could explain more variations in apparent stiffness in the longitudinal direction than the transverse directions; at the tissue level, aging had little effect on the tissue von Mises stress distributions for the compressions in all the three directions. The novelty of the present study was that it provided quantitative assessments on the age and direction- related adaptation of Chinese male lumbar vertebral trabecular bone from two different levels： stiffness at the apparent level and stress distribution at the tissue level. It may help to understand the failure mechanisms and fracture risks of vertebral body associated with aging and direction for the prevention of fracture risks in elder individuals.

Cemented vertebra and adjacent vertebra refractured in a chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder patient: A case report

BACKGROUND Although percutaneous vertebral augmentation(PVA)is a commonly used procedure for treating vertebral compression fracture(VCF),the risk of vertebral refracture should be considered.Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder(CKD-MBD)is a systemic disease of mineral and bone metabolism.It is associated with an increased risk of fracture.Few studies have reported the use of PVA in patients with CKD-MBD.We herein report a rare case wherein the cemented vertebra and the adjacent vertebra refractured simultaneously in a CKD-MBD patient after PVA.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old man suffered from low back pain after taking a fall about 3 wk ago.According to physical examination,imaging and laboratory findings,diagnoses of T12 VCF,CKD-MBD,and chronic kidney disease stage 5 were established.He then received percutaneous vertebroplasty at T12 vertebra.Fourteen weeks later,he presented with T12 and L1 vertebral refractures caused by lumbar sprain.Once again,he was given PVA which was optimized for the refractured vertebrae.Although the short-term postoperative effect was satisfactory,he reported chronic low back pain again at the 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION It is necessary that patients with CKD-MBD who have received PVA are aware of the adverse effects of CKD-MBD.It may increase the risk of vertebral refracture.Furthermore,the PVA surgical technique needs to be optimized according to the condition of the patient.The medium-and long-term effects of PVA remain uncertain in patients with CKD-MBD.

Vertebral Bone Drilling (Puncture) Attenuates the Acute Pain Due to Vertebral Compression Fractures

Purpose: The Investigational Vertebroplasty Efficacy and Safety Trial (INVEST), a randomized blinded controlled study of Vertebroplasty, demonstrated similar improvements in pain between blinded Vertebroplasty and sham-Vertebroplasty groups. The result from the RCT study suggested that the observed efficacy of the Vertebroplasty procedure, instead of representing the cement-mediated reduction in pain, may relate to the vertebral bone drilling per se. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of pain relief of vertebral bone drilling at the site of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the acute phase. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients with painful osteoporotic compression fractures underwent the vertebral bone drilling. We assessed primary outcome measures in the NRS pain score and RDQ score at day 0 and 3 following the drilling. Comparisons were made by using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The mean baseline NRS and RDQ score, and the mean NRS and RDQ score at day 3 were 7.3 ± 1.2, 15.7 ± 4.2, 4.6 ± 1.4, 7.3 ± 2.2, respectively. Among the patients, we detected significant improvements in NRS pain score and RDQ score at day 3 following the drilling compared with day 0 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Vertebral bone drilling at the site of painful vertebral compression fractures alleviated the intractable pain due to osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

Factors influencing further vertebral height loss following percutaneous vertebroplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures:A 1-year follow-up study

BACKGROUND Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs)contribute to back pain and functional limitations in older individuals,with percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)emerging as a minimally invasive treatment.However,further height loss post-PVP prompts investigation into contributing factors.AIM To investigate the factors associated with further height loss following PVP with cement augmentation in OVCF patients.METHODS A total of 200 OVCF patients who underwent successful PVP between January 2021 and December 2022 were included in this study.“Further height loss”during 1 year of follow-up in OVCF patients with bone edema was defined as a vertical height loss of≥4 mm.The study population was divided into two groups for analysis:The“No Further Height Loss group(n=179)”and the“Further Height Loss group(n=21).”RESULTS In comparing two distinct groups of patients,significant differences existed in bone mineral density(BMD),vertebral compression degree,prevalence of intravertebral cleft(IVF),type of bone cement used,and cement distribution patterns.Results from binary univariate regression analysis revealed that lower BMD,the presence of IVF,cleft distribution of bone cement,and higher vertebral compression degree were all significantly associated with further height loss.Notably,the use of mineralized collagen modified-poly(methyl methacrylate)bone cement was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of further height loss.In multivariate regression analysis,lower BMD and the presence of IVF remained significantly associated with further height loss.CONCLUSION Further height loss following PVP in OVCF patients is influenced by a complex interplay of factors,especially lower BMD and the presence of IVF.These findings underscore the importance of assessing and managing these factors when addressing height loss following PVP in OVCF patients.

Vertebral Bone Drilling (Puncture) Attenuates the Intractable Pain Due to Vertebral Fractures without Collapse

Purpose: Osteoporotic vertebral fractures with no sign of vertebral collapse on initial radiographs, which is so-called occult vertebral fractures (VFs), exist. Occult VFs have a high rate of missed diagnosis, and the treatment of these fractures has rarely been discussed in the literature. We evaluated the effects of vertebral bone drilling for the pain due to occults VFs. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients with painful osteoporotic occult VFs underwent the vertebral bone drilling. We evaluated the clinical outcome by comparing numerical rating scale (NRS) and activity of daily life (ADL) values between before and after the vertebral bone drilling. Comparisons were made by using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The mean baseline NRS and ADL score, and the mean NRS and ALD score after the bone drilling were 8.4 ± 0.8, 2.2 ± 0.6, 2.4 ± 1.0, 4.6 ± 0.5, respectively. Among the patients, we detected significant improvements in NRS pain score and ADL score after the drilling compared with baseline score (p < 0.0002). Conclusion: Vertebral bone drilling at the site of painful vertebral compression fractures alleviated the intractable pain due to osteoporotic occult VFs.

Exploration and Discussion on the Clinical Therapeutic Effects of the Application of Cross-Injury Vertebral Fixation and Via-Injury Vertebrae Fixation in the Treatment of Bone Tumor with Thoracolumbar Spine Fracture

Objective:To explore and discuss the clinical therapeutic effects of the application of cross-injury vertebral fixation and via-injury vertebrae fixation in the treatment of bone tumor with thoracolumbar spine fracture.Methods:A total of 58 patients with bone tumors and thoracolumbar spine fractures admitted to our hospital from February to February 2019 were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 29 cases in each group.The patients in the control group received cross-injury vertebral fixation treatment,while the patients in the observation group were treated with via-injury vertebral fixation.The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared.Results:The operation time and hospitalization time of the observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the postoperative drainage volume of the intraoperative blood loss was significantly less than that of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in postoperative pain and spinal JOA scores between the two groups(P>0.05);there was no significant difference in the compression ratio of the injured vertebrae and the kyphosis Cobb angle between the two groups(P>0.05),after the operation,the two groups of patients were significantly reduced,and the compression ratio of the injured vertebrae and kyphosis Cobb angle of the observation group were more obvious(P<0.05);the vertebral height loss and Cobb angle loss in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the treatment of bone tumor with thoracolumbar spine fracture,compared with cross-injury vertebral fixation,via-injury vertebral fixation has a more significant clinical effect and is more suitable for clinical application and promotion.

Methods of predicting vertebral body fractures of the lumbar spine

Lumbar vertebral body(VB) fractures are increasingly common in an ageing population that is at greater risk of osteoporosis and metastasis. This review aims to identify different models, as alternatives to bone mineral density(BMD), which may be applied in order to predict VB failure load and fracture risk. The most representative models are those that take account of normal spinal kinetics and assess the contribution of the cortical shell to vertebral strength. Overall, predictive models for VB fracture risk should encompass a range of important parameters including BMD, geometric measures and patient-specific factors. As interventions like vertebroplasty increase in popularity for VB fracture treatment and prevention, such models are likely to play a significant role in the clinical decision-making process. More biomechanical research is required, however, to reduce the risks of post-operative adjacent VB fractures.

Minimally Invasive Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: Technical Report and Mid-Term Outcomes

Background: Traditional open instrumentation may cause surgical complications due to fragile bones and induce medical comorbidities in senile patients. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are palliative augmentation procedures that have been associated with increased risks of cement leakage, adjacent fractures and non-union. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe a novel approach for the union of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with minimally invasive open reduction and internal fixation. Patients and Methods: Seven consecutive patients with intractable back pain without neurological deficits due to osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were treated using minimally invasive fixation with intra-vertebral expandable pillars and artificial bone substitute. The clinical symptoms and image findings were recorded. Results: All of the patients reported relief of back pain, and the height of the vertebral bodies was well restored. X-ray findings obtained 2 to 4 years after the procedures showed fracture healing and favorable formation of the callus confirmed in the anterior longitudinal ligament. Conclusion: This mini-open procedure with intravertebral devices is an effective and reliable technique for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and may avoid complications related to traditional open spinal instrumentation procedures and augmentation with bone cement.

Quantitative Evaluation of Fat Composition in Lumbar Vertebral Body and Paraspinal Muscle by Proton Density Fat Fraction with MRI

Purpose: Bone marrow and muscle adiposity have been considered to correlate with osteoporosis and Sarcopenia. Proton Density Fat Fraction (PDFF) can be measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The purpose of the present study was to measure PDFF in the lumbar spine, paraspinal muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue. Methods: Participants were comprised of 30 patients (18 males, 12 females;age range, 14 - 87 years) who underwent MRI due to low back symptoms. PDFFs for the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4), paraspinal muscle, and subcutaneous fat were measured. Results: PDFFs of the vertebral body and subcutaneous fat were significantly higher than that of paraspinal muscle (p < 0.001). PDFF was significantly higher for subcutaneous fat than for the vertebral body (p < 0.001). Although no significant differences in PDFF of the vertebral body, paraspinal muscle, and subcutaneous fat between females and males, PDFFs of the vertebral body and paraspinal muscle were significantly higher in older subjects (>63 years) than in younger subjects (Conclusions: PDFF of the vertebral body was significantly higher than that of paraspinal muscle. PDFFs of the vertebral body and paraspinal muscle were significantly lower in younger subjects than in older subjects.

Optimization Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Vertebral Metastases

The article is describing results after analysis of research conducted in Osh Interregional Oncology Center under the Ministry of Health in the Kyrgyz Republic. X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging analyses were made for optimization diagnosis determination in patients with breast cancer vertebral metastases. According to the obtained data, the frequency of vertebral metastases in breast cancer was observed as well as the timing of their detection depending on the detection of the primary tumor. In addition, the necessity for early screening of vertebral metastases was explained.

“FISH VERTEBRA” about 3 Sickle Cell Patients Followed at Laquintinie Hospital, Douala

Vertebral involvement in particular is common in sickle cell patients. We report 3 cases of “fish vertebra” fractures in sickle cell patients aged 16, 18, and 24 years old respectively at Laquintinie Hospital, Douala. When the vertebral fractures were diagnosed, the 3 patients had back pain and kyphosis deformities of the dorsal spine. Treatment with an infusion of biphosphonates (zoledronic acid at a dose of 0.5 mg·per·kg) was offered to all three patients. Two out of three patients received treatment with biphosphonates with a successful outcome. Profound vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased bone remodeling and a history of fractures. In sickle cell anemia, vertebral fractures may also result from bone fragility, which is often overlooked as aseptic osteonecrosis and osteomyelitis, which are very often suspected.

骨质疏松性脊柱椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体成形后骨水泥外漏原因及治疗策略

背景:随着人口老龄化的加剧,骨质疏松症的发病率逐年上升,而骨质疏松性脊柱椎体压缩骨折作为其中的一种常见并发症,给患者带来了极大的痛苦和不便。经皮椎体成形术作为一种有效的治疗方法,在临床上得到了广泛应用。然而,骨水泥外漏作为该手术的一个潜在风险,一直是研究者们关注的重点。目的:探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体成形后骨水泥外漏的原因及处理策略。方法:选择2017年3月至2021年2月于北京市平谷区医院骨科行经皮椎体成形治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者100例为研究对象,根据术后12个月随访结果分为骨水泥外漏组(n=27)和无骨水泥外漏组(n=73)。Cox比例风险回归分析筛选术后骨水泥外漏的影响因素,用以构建术后骨水泥外漏风险预测列线图模型,并对模型进行评价。行骨水泥外漏治疗后,观察术前、术后3 d、术后12个月时,27例患者的目测类比评分、Oswesry功能障碍指数。结果与结论:①27例骨水泥外漏患者中,24例均为椎间盘终板内渗漏,无明显症状及不适,无需特殊处理;1例发生肺栓塞,请呼吸科协助处理得以好转;2例有症状,行经皮椎间孔镜下骨水泥取出术;②CT值、骨折严重程度、骨水泥黏度、皮质断裂、骨水泥注入量是术后发生骨水泥外漏的独立影响因素(P<0.05);③列线图模型的校准度、区分度均较好,且具有很好的临床实用性;④对于27例术后骨水泥外漏患者,术后3 d、术后12个月时,目测类比评分均显著低于术前,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);术后12个月的Oswesry功能障碍指数显著低于术后3 d,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);⑤结果表明,骨水泥注入量、骨水泥黏度、皮质断裂、CT值、骨折严重程度是经皮椎体成形术后发生骨水泥外漏的危险因素。

单侧经皮椎体成形骨水泥分布对椎体压缩性骨折修复疗效的影响

背景:虽然研究表明,骨水泥的对称分布可以减少术后椎体再次骨折并有助于改善预后,但是进行经皮椎体成形过程中获得更好的骨水泥分布仍然是外科医生面临的一个重要课题。目的:探讨骨水泥分布对单侧经皮椎体成形术后疗效的影响,以提供有效的预防和治疗措施,防止术后椎体再次骨折。方法:选择2018年1月至2022年12月在新疆医科大学第六附属医院行单侧经皮椎体成形治疗的193例患者,根据术后骨水泥分布分为Ⅰ组(骨水泥不接触上端和远端端板,n=59)、Ⅱ组(骨水泥只接触上端板或只接触下端板,n=80)和Ⅲ组(骨水泥同时接触上端和远端端板,n=54)。对比3组患者的基本资料,手术相关指标包括手术时间、总住院费用、术后住院时间、骨水泥注射量、腰痛目测类比评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数、术后椎体高度恢复率、椎体局部后凸角、损伤椎体及邻近椎体再骨折发生率等,记录所有患者的随访结果。结果与结论:(1)Ⅲ组患者术后1年腰痛目测类比评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数明显低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,差异有显著性意义(P <0.05);(2)Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组损伤椎体再次骨折发生率、总椎体骨折发生率高于Ⅲ组,差异均有显著性意义(P <0.05);(3)3组患者其余指标,包括骨水泥渗漏、腰痛术后1周、术后1个月和末次Oswestry功能障碍指数及目测类比评分、术后椎体高度恢复率、椎体局部凸角、手术时间、总住院费用及术后住院时间等指标均无显著性差异(P> 0.05);(4)提示与骨水泥不接触上端和远端端板组和骨水泥只接触上端板或只接触下端板组相比,骨水泥同时接触上端和远端端板组患者可获得更好的长期预后,而且骨水泥同时接触上端和远端端板能够明显降低损伤椎体及总椎体骨折发生率,医生术中应充分掌握骨水泥的弥散情况,并制定有针对性的预防和治疗策略,从而有助于减少未来再发生骨折的风险。

超高龄椎体压缩骨折患者经皮椎体后凸成形术后脊柱局部后凸的矫正效果

背景:经皮椎体后凸成形是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的常用术式,然而,目前尚无研究证实经皮椎体后凸成形手术能否有效矫正超高龄(年龄≥80岁)骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者的脊柱局部后凸。目的:探究经皮椎体后凸成形对超高龄骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者脊柱局部后凸的矫正效果。方法:选择2016年3月至2022年8月于北京大学人民医院脊柱外科接受经皮椎体后凸成形治疗的单节段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者为研究队列,收集患者住院及门诊随访资料,按照年龄将患者分为高龄组(60-79岁,n=126)、超高龄组(≥80岁,n=52)。根据性别、体质量指数、基础疾病(高血压、糖尿病、心血管疾病)、骨折节段、有无术前椎体内裂隙征,采用倾向性评分匹配对两组患者进行1:2匹配,比较两组患者的腰椎CT值、骨水泥注入量、手术前后椎体高度、术前椎体塌陷率、手术前后Cobb角、Cobb角恢复率、术后骨水泥距椎体前缘距离、骨水泥矢状位填充位置、骨水泥接触上下椎板、骨水泥距椎板距离、骨水泥分布评分、骨水泥渗漏、椎体再骨折情况。结果与结论:①倾向性评分匹配后,共115例患者完成匹配,其中高龄组71例、超高龄组44例,两组患者的性别、体质量指数、高血压比率、糖尿病比率、心血管疾病比率、骨折节段、术前椎体内裂隙征比率基线资料比较均无显著性意义(P>0.05),超高龄组术后Cobb角低于高龄组(P<0.05),两组患者的腰椎CT值、骨水泥注入量、手术前后椎体高度、术前椎体塌陷率、术前Cobb角、Cobb角恢复率、术后骨水泥距椎体前缘距离、骨水泥矢状位填充位置、骨水泥接触上下椎板、骨水泥距椎板距离、骨水泥分布评分、骨水泥渗漏比率、椎体再骨折比率比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。②结果表明,经皮椎体后凸成形能够有效矫正超高龄骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者的脊柱局部后凸。

双侧经皮椎体强化术中不同骨水泥填充量及分布形态的有限元分析

背景:采用双侧经皮椎体强化治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中,作者发现当骨水泥注射总量达4 mL及以上时会在X射线片上呈现不同的分布形态,然而关于骨水泥分布形态对骨折椎体生物力学特性的影响鲜有报道。目的:利用有限元法进一步探讨骨水泥填充量及分布形态对骨折椎体生物力学的影响。方法:建立L_1-L_3骨质疏松有限元模型,在L_2节段模拟椎体压缩骨折,在骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折模型上分别模拟4 mL及6 mL骨水泥注入量及双侧部分融合(FH型)、完全融合(FO型)、对称分离(SA型)、非对称分离(SN型)4种骨水泥分布形态,共获得9组模型。在相同边界条件下进行三维有限元求解,比较L_2骨折椎体的应力及位移。结果与结论:(1)9组模型的最大应力均集中于L_2骨折区域,各骨水泥填充骨折模型的L_2最大应力和最大位移均小于无骨水泥填充骨折模型,说明骨水泥填充治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折有效;(2)与4 mL骨水泥填充相比,6 mL骨水泥填充在提高骨折椎体稳定性的同时可显著降低骨折椎体应力,增强椎体强度;(3)在相同运动状态下,FH型组骨折椎体应力均为最小,其次为SA型组,该两组接近,FO型组骨折椎体应力最大,在侧弯动作中尤为明显,可能与骨水泥团块形状导致侧方应力集中有关;FH型组骨折椎体位移最小,FO型组骨折椎体位移最大;(4)结果显示,增加骨水泥注入剂量可以降低骨折椎体应力,提高稳定性,但会增加渗漏风险;双侧对称弥散分布骨水泥(FH型、SA型)在恢复椎体强度及稳定性上均优于完全融合、非对称分离骨水泥,因此,临床上行双侧经皮椎体强化治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折时,首先保证双侧对称弥散分布,优先推荐双侧部分融合型分布,可获得合适的应力刺激及较好的稳定性。

经“O”点穿刺与传统单侧入路治疗L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性压缩性骨折

背景:单侧穿刺入路经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折优于双侧穿刺入路,由于L_(5)特殊解剖形态和位置特殊,传统单侧穿刺入路治疗L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折适用性差,因此提出“O”点穿刺入路来解决该问题。目的:比较经横突基底部-椎弓根后上部-关节突外侧交点(“O”点)入路与传统单侧入路经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折的疗效差异。方法:回顾性分析西南医科大学附属医院2020年1月至2022年12月收治的54例L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折行经“O”点入路或传统经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗的患者,根据手术方式分为2组,“O”点入路组(A组)29例,传统入路组(B组)25例。术前在X射线正位片测量A组“O”点与髂棘位置及穿刺角度;比较两组术前与术后第2天、末次随访的局部Cobb角、椎体前缘、中部高度及骨水泥分布情况;术前、术后第2天及末次随访采用疼痛目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数评估患者疼痛缓解情况与日常生活能力,记录手术相关并发症。结果与结论:①A组手术时间、术中透视次数均少于B组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);两组术中出血量及骨水泥注射量差异无显著性意义;②两组患者术后第2天及末次随访疼痛目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数较术前明显降低,且A组降低比B组更明显(P<0.05);③“O”点位于双侧髂棘最高点连线之下平均距离1.23 cm;“O”点到髂棘平均横向距离2.89 cm;④两组患者末次随访Cobb角较术前明显改善(P<0.05),但两组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);⑤术后骨水泥分布,A组分布良好占97%(28/29),B组分布良好占88%(22/25),A组明显优于B组(P<0.05);⑥提示经“O”点穿刺入路与传统入路经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗L_(5)椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折疗效满意,但“O”点穿刺入路经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形治疗骨水泥分布更满意,还可避免高髂棘对L_(5)椎体穿刺入路的影响。

全脊柱MRI评估骨质疏松患者椎体骨折的分布特点及临床意义

背景:骨质疏松性椎体骨折是骨质疏松患者最常见的并发症。脊柱MRI作为一种新的成像技术,在诊断骨质疏松性椎体骨折方面的灵敏度远高于X射线平片。但全脊柱MRI费用高,扫描时间长。因此,对于骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者,是否都需要进行全脊柱MRI扫描以及哪些患者需要行全脊柱MRI,目前临床上尚无统一定论。目的:通过观察骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者的全脊柱MRI影像学资料,分析椎体骨折的分布特点,并探讨其临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2018年8月至2022年9月在西南医科大学附属医院骨科就诊并被诊断为骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者的病历资料和MRI图像,根据纳入和排除标准将903例患者纳入研究。收集患者一般资料(年龄、性别、体质量指数)、病史特点(病程时间、脊柱外伤手术史、叩击痛区域、疼痛评分等);通过全脊柱MRI图像分析其椎体骨折特点。首先根据患者椎体骨折数量将患者分为单椎体骨折组(n=484)和多椎体骨折组(n=419),并分析两组间的差异。然后再根据骨折椎体间的最远间隔数是否≥5将多椎体骨折组再分为2个亚组,其中A组(骨折椎体最远间隔数<5)306例,B组(骨折椎体最远间隔数≥5)113例,分析2个亚组间的差异。结果与结论:①903例患者中,骨折椎体≥2个的患者有419例(46.4%);发生胸腰椎区域骨折的患者有654例(72.4%),在胸椎区域加腰椎区域和整个胸椎到腰椎区域同时发生骨折的患者有54例(6%);B组患者中96.5%的患者均存在多区域的叩击痛;②单椎体骨折组和多椎体骨折组相比,两组患者在骨密度、病史时间是否≥1个月、低能量损伤史、查体脊柱轴向叩击痛区域分布及数量比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);年龄、性别、体质量指数、是否伴基础疾病、疼痛目测类比评分、是否伴老年胸腰椎骨折史、是否伴胸腰椎手术史与骨折椎体数量无统计学意义(P>0.05);③A组与B组进行比较,两组患者骨密度、叩击痛区域分布及数量、低能量损伤病史相比差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);两组患者在年龄、性别、是否伴陈旧性骨折病史、目测类比评分、体质量指数、病史时间是否≥1个月、是否伴基础疾病史、是否伴胸腰椎手术史等方面相比差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);④提示对于有多次低能量创伤史、病史时间大于1个月伴多重叩诊痛、骨密度较低的患者,应警惕多发椎体骨折、跳跃骨折的发生,建议这些患者进行全脊柱MRI检查。

经皮椎体成形联合椎弓根强化治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体骨折的有限元分析

背景:椎弓根内骨水泥灌注联合椎体成形已被用于治疗Kummell病和椎弓根溶骨性转移瘤等疾病,但该手术方式对相邻椎体及椎间盘的影响尚不明确。目的:应用三维有限元模型探讨经皮椎体成形联合椎弓根强化术治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体骨折对邻近节段椎体以及椎间盘相关生物力学的影响。方法:选择1位已完成经皮椎体成形联合椎弓根强化术的重度骨质疏松性椎体骨折(L1)女性患者,并提取其术前及术后的CT文件,研究范围为T_(12)-L_(2)(包括伤椎、邻近椎体和椎间盘)。通过Mimics、SolidWorks和Geomagic等软件分别建立了术前、术后三维脊柱功能单元的有限元模型。在T_(12)上终板垂直方向加载500 N力矩和10 N·m旋转力矩,模拟前屈、后伸、侧屈和旋转等运动方位,分析手术前后相邻节段椎体终板和椎间盘的应力变化情况。结果与结论:①成功建立了术前和术后脊柱功能单元的三维有限元模型;②通过计算得出,在模拟载荷下,术后T_(12)下终板应力分布更均匀且最大应力值减小,与术前相比无显著差异(P>0.05);术后L_(2)上终板应力分布更均匀且最大应力与术前无显著差异(P>0.05);同样,术后T_(12)/L_(1)、L_(1)/L_(2)椎间盘应力分布也更均匀且最大应力值均显著减小(P<0.05);③因此,经皮椎体成形联合椎弓根强化能够有效改善术后相邻椎体终板和椎间盘的应力分布,并能够减小应力,最终降低术后再骨折风险以及显著延缓椎间盘退变。

经皮弯角椎体骨水泥注射成形治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体上1/3压缩骨折

背景:经皮弯角椎体成形具有创伤小、骨水泥弥散分布均匀等优点,但用于治疗椎体上1/3压缩性骨折是否安全有效还有待进一步研究。目的:探究经皮弯角椎体骨水泥注射成形治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎上1/3压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年6月中国人民解放军火箭军特色医学中心骨科收治的66例骨质疏松性椎体上1/3压缩骨折患者的病历资料,其中32例采用经皮弯角椎体成形治疗(观察组),34例采用“双侧垂直错位穿刺法”经皮椎体成形治疗(对照组)。对比分析两组患者术前、术后第1天及末次随访时疼痛目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数、伤椎前缘高度及伤椎Cobb角,并统计分析两组患者手术时间、骨水泥渗漏率、骨水泥注射量及骨水泥弥散分布评分。结果与结论:①两组患者手术均顺利完成,且均未发生骨水泥过敏、骨水泥栓塞、神经损伤、硬膜外血肿等并发症;②两组患者术后第1天、末次随访时疼痛目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数以及伤椎前缘高度、Cobb角均优于术前,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),但两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05);且两组患者末次随访时Oswestry功能障碍指数优于术后第1天(P<0.05);③观察组手术时间、骨水泥渗漏率均少于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);④两组间骨水泥注射量及骨水泥弥散分布评分相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);⑤结果表明,经皮弯角椎体骨水泥注射成形治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体上1/3压缩性骨折能有效缓解疼痛、维持椎体高度,且能减少手术时间及骨水泥渗漏率。

椎体骨皮质强化差异对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折生物力学的影响

背景:骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折经皮椎体成形过程中骨水泥在椎体内的骨皮质强化区域对脊柱生物力学及临床疗效有重要影响,但以往研究大多局限于二维层面。目的:采用有限元分析法探讨经皮椎体成形过程中骨水泥在椎体三维层面内骨皮质强化差异对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折椎体、邻近椎间盘及终板生物力学分布的影响,以评估其效果。方法:建立T12椎体骨质疏松性压缩性骨折行经皮椎体成形治疗的有限元模型,从横断面、矢状面、冠状面对骨水泥有无皮质强化情况进行分组分析,研究不同体位变化下,骨皮质强化对T12椎体松质骨、皮质骨、T11/T12椎间盘、T12/L1椎间盘、T11下终板、L1上终板生物力学的影响。结果与结论:(1)在垂直压缩力作用下,经皮椎体成形过程中有或无骨水泥皮质强化在不同体位变化下除伤椎皮质骨以外结构应力变化均不明显;(2)伤椎皮质骨Von Mises应力值在人体前屈、左/右侧弯和左/右轴向旋转时差异显著,同一平面内骨皮质完全强化组较无骨皮质强化组最大Von Mises应力值明显变小,随着骨皮质强化越广泛Von Mises应力值整体呈下降趋势;(3)提示行经皮椎体成形治疗时,横断面内骨水泥应尽量广泛对称水平分布于椎体骨皮质边缘,矢状面内骨水泥应广泛纵向分布且靠近上下终板及前后壁,冠状面内骨水泥应广泛分布于中线两侧同时对称接触上下终板及侧壁,可有效避免伤椎再骨折风险且不增加邻椎骨折、残留盘源性疼痛风险。