During in vitro fertilization, human embryos are incubated without light, and these conditions do not ensure embryo survival. This study explored whether environmental conditions can influence the embryo viability rat...During in vitro fertilization, human embryos are incubated without light, and these conditions do not ensure embryo survival. This study explored whether environmental conditions can influence the embryo viability rates of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. In particular, the experiment tested what colors of visible light provide the best incubation conditions to ensure cricket embryo viability. The concept was to use house cricket embryos to represent human embryos. Cricket embryos were chosen as their eggs have soft outer membrane casings and resemble human embryos during the first few days after fertilization. During the experiment, the adult crickets laid their eggs into one of six soil-filled boxes called substrates. Each substrate was placed into one of six storage containers filled with adult crickets and lit with a different colored visible light (red, yellow, green, blue, white, or no light). After two days of breeding, the egg-filled substrates were removed from the adult crickets and placed in another storage container of the same color light. After incubation under heat-emitting lamps and under one of six light colors, nymphs were counted after hatching to determine embryo viability. After three trials, the red light provided the significantly highest viability rate, with yellow and no light being comparable seconds. The green, blue, and white lights showed significantly lower viability rates than no visible light. My results raise the speculation that exposing fertilized mammal eggs to visible light colors might have the same effects during the in vitro fertilization process.展开更多
Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana provide food for many migrating and staging birds that spend summer and fall on Great Salt Lake,Utah,USA.Artemia produce live young and cysts(hard-walled eggs);these cysts are commerci...Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana provide food for many migrating and staging birds that spend summer and fall on Great Salt Lake,Utah,USA.Artemia produce live young and cysts(hard-walled eggs);these cysts are commercially harvested on Great Salt Lake and support a large industry in Utah.It is unclear the impact that millions of hungry birds have on the Artemia population in the lake.To help assess that,this study evaluated cyst viability(percentage of cysts that contain an embryo)and hatchability(percent of cysts that hatch)from cysts that had passed through the digestive tract of eared grebes Podiceps nigricollis and cysts obtained directly from Great Salt Lake at the same site where each grebe was collected.Hatchability was significantly higher for cysts collected from the water column(19%)than from the stomach(0.3%)or intestines(3%)of eared grebes.Viability also was significantly different for cysts collected from the water column(29%),stomach(0.7%),and intestines(5%).These results indicate that eared grebes nutritionally benefit from eating cysts and that they may be an important food source for grebes in late fall after the adult population of Artemia dies off due to the water becoming too cold.Also,enough cysts survive their passage through the digestive system that grebes can vector hatchable cysts to other waterbodies.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting fabricates 3D functional tissues/organs by accurately depositing the bioink composed of the biological materials and living cells.Even though 3D bioprinting techniques have experienced...Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting fabricates 3D functional tissues/organs by accurately depositing the bioink composed of the biological materials and living cells.Even though 3D bioprinting techniques have experienced significant advancement over the past decades,it remains challenging for 3D bioprinting to artificially fabricate functional tissues/organs with high post-printing cell viability and functionality since cells endure various types of stress during the bioprinting process.Generally,cell viability which is affected by several factors including the stress and the environmental factors,such as pH and temperature,is mainly determined by the magnitude and duration of the stress imposed on the cells with poorer cell viability under a higher stress and a longer duration condition.The maintenance of high cell viability especially for those vulnerable cells,such as stem cells which are more sensitive to multiple stresses,is a key initial step to ensure the functionality of the artificial tissues/organs.In addition,maintaining the pluripotency of the cells such as proliferation and differentiation abilities is also essential for the 3D-bioprinted tissues/organs to be similar to native tissues/organs.This review discusses various pathways triggering cell damage and the major factors affecting cell viability during different bioprinting processes,summarizes the studies on cell viabilities and functionalities in different bioprinting processes,and presents several potential approaches to protect cells from injuries to ensure high cell viability and functionality.展开更多
Seed aging characteristics of rice was investigated in this study. Seeds of 34 japonica rice (O-ryza sativa subsp. japonica) varieties were held at 451 constant temperature. Changes in seed viability and seed vigor du...Seed aging characteristics of rice was investigated in this study. Seeds of 34 japonica rice (O-ryza sativa subsp. japonica) varieties were held at 451 constant temperature. Changes in seed viability and seed vigor during aging process were measured to study seed viability-losing characteristic and to determine warning index for seed viability loss. As a result, seed viability survival curves were obtained across different rice accessions at 45℃ constant temperature. The curves appeared to be contra-sigmoid survival curves. The loss of seed viability in the aging process consisted of two phases. The first phase took a long duration, in which the viability of vigorous seeds declined slowly. In the second phase, seed viability declined rapidly. It was obvious that seed viability declined inconsistently during storage. It also showed that seed germination was prolonged and the seedling was significantly weakened before the coming of the rapid declining phase of seed viability. These two parameters could be used to indicate seed quality during storage. The rate of compatibility of tests (RCT), coefficient of variation (CV), vigor of seedling, the day the seeds start to germinate could be used as warning indexes to indicate overall quality of a mass of accessions. These warning indexes could also be used in monitoring the viability of seeds stored in the seed genebank.展开更多
Objective To evaluate short time effects of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) and rtPA thrombolysis+PCI (rtPA+PCI) on myocardial viability and ventricular systolic synchrony in AMI patients.Methods Eig...Objective To evaluate short time effects of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) and rtPA thrombolysis+PCI (rtPA+PCI) on myocardial viability and ventricular systolic synchrony in AMI patients.Methods Eighty seven patients with first AMI were divided into two groups: group A ( n =42), pPCI group, the patients underwent PCI within 6h after onset of AMI; group B ( n =45), rtPA+PCI group, the patients underwent PCI after thrombolysis within 6h after onset of AMI; Myocardial viability was measured by 99m Tc MIBI SPECT. While, the parameters of cardiac function LVEF and ventricular systolic synchrony LVPS were measured by 99m Tc gated cardiac blood pool image on the first and the fourth weekend. Results (1) The peak CK MB was significantly lower in group A than that in group B( P <0.01 ). (2) Myocardial infarction area (MIA) was decreased and radioactivity counts in MIA was significantly increased in group A and B on the 4th weekend compared with that on the first weekend ( P <0.01 ), but there were no significant difference between group A and group B. (3) LVEF, LVPS were no significant difference between group A and group B.Conclusions (1)pPCI in acute myocardial infartion can limit infarct area, maintain ventricular systolic synchrony and improve ventricular function; (2) but, in those hospitals that there were no any condition for PCI, they should transfer the patients to central hospital for PCI after thrombolysis at the first time. It is beneficial to improve myocardial viability and ventricular systolic synchrony of AMI patients in short time.展开更多
AIM: To optimize the perfusates used for hypothermicmachine perfusion(HMP).METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to three groups(n = 12 per group) that received either saline, University of Wisconsin col...AIM: To optimize the perfusates used for hypothermicmachine perfusion(HMP).METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to three groups(n = 12 per group) that received either saline, University of Wisconsin coldstorage solution(UW) or histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution(HTK) as the perfusate. Each group was divided into two subgroups: static cold storage(SCS) and HMP(n = 6 per subgroup). The liver graft was retrieved according to the method described by Kamada. For the SCS group, the graft was directly placed into cold perfusate(0-4?℃) for 6 h after liver isolation while the portal vein of the graft was connected to the perfusion machine for the HMP group. Then the perfusates were collected at different time points for analysis of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine transaminase(ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) levels. Liver tissues were obtained for evaluation of histology, dry/wet weight(D/W) ratio, and malondialdehyde(MDA) and adenosine-triphosphate(ATP) levels. The portal vein pressure and velocity were monitored in real time in all HMP subgroups.RESULTS: Comparison of HMP and SCS: Regardless of the perfusate, HMP improved the architecture of donor graft in reducing the congestion around sinusoids and central vein and maintaining sinusoid lining in morphology; HMP improved liver function in terms of ALT, AST and LDH, especially during the 3-6 h period(SCS vs HMP using saline: ALT3, 225.00 ± 105.62 vs 49.50 ± 18.50, P = 0.047; LDH3, 1362.17 ± 563.30 vs 325.75 ± 147.43, P = 0.041; UW: LDH6, 2880.14 ± 948.46 vs 2135.00 ± 174.27, P = 0.049; HTK, AST6, 307.50 ± 52.95 vs 185.20 ± 20.46, P = 0.041); HMP decreased MDA level(saline, 2.79 ± 0.30 vs 1.09 ± 0.09, P = 0.008; UW, 3.01 ± 0.77 vs 1.23 ± 0.68, P = 0.005; HTK, 3.30 ± 0.52 vs 1.56 ± 0.22, P = 0.006). Comparison among HMP subgroups: HTK showed less portal vein resistance than UW and saline(vs saline, 3.41 ± 0.49 vs 5.00 ± 0.38, P < 0.001; vs UW, 3.41 ± 0.49 vs 4.52 ± 0.63, P = 0.007); UW reduced edema most efficiently(vs saline, 0.68 ± 0.02 vs 0.79 ± 0.05, P = 0.013), while HTK maintained ATP levels best(vs saline, 622.60 ± 29.11 vs 327.43 ± 44.66, P < 0.001; vs UW, 622.60 ± 29.11 vs 301.80 ± 37.68, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: HMP is superior to SCS in maintaining both architecture and function of liver grafts. Further, HTK was found to be the optimal perfusate for HMP.展开更多
AIM: To analyze the concentration-dependent effects of autologous serum (AS) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) on human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) viability, migration and proliferation. METHODS: AS was prepar...AIM: To analyze the concentration-dependent effects of autologous serum (AS) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) on human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) viability, migration and proliferation. METHODS: AS was prepared from 13 patients with non- healing epithelial defects Dulbecco's modified eagle medium/ Ham's F12 (DMEM/F12) with 5% FBS, 0.5% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), 10 ng/mL human epidermal growth factor, 1% insulin-transferrin-selenium, then were incubated in serum media: DMEM/F12 supplemented by 5%, 10%, 15% or 30% AS or FBS. HCEC viability was analyzed using cell proliferation kit XTI', migration using a wound healing assay, proliferation by the cell proliferation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) BrdU kit. Statistical analysis was performed using the generalized linear model, the values at 30% AS or 30% FBS were used as the baselines. RESULTS: HCEC viability was the highest at 30% AS or 15% FBS and the lowest at 10% AS or 30% FBS application. HCEC migration was the quickest through 30% AS or 30% FBS and the slowest through 5% AS or 5% FBS concentrations. Proliferation was the most increased through 15% AS or 5% FBS and the least increased through 30% AS or 30% FBS concentrations. HCEC viability at 10% and 15% AS was significantly worse (P=0.001, P=0.023) compared to baseline and significantly better at 15% FBS (P=0.003) concentrations. HCEC migration was significantly worse (P〈0.007) and HCEC proliferation significantly better (P〈0.001) in all concentration groups compared to baseline. CONCLUSION: For the best viability of HCEC 30% AS or 15% FBS, for HCEC migration 30% AS or 30% FBS, for proliferation 15% AS or 5% FBS should be used. Therefore, we suggest the use of 30% AS in clinical practice.展开更多
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential for cardiac repair following myocardial injury,but this approach is limited by their poor viability after transplantation.The present study was to investi...Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential for cardiac repair following myocardial injury,but this approach is limited by their poor viability after transplantation.The present study was to investigate whether trimetazidine (TMZ) could improve survival of MSCs in an ex vitro model of hypoxia,as well as survival,differentiation,and subsequent activities of transplanted MSCs in rat hearts with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MSCs at passage 3 were examined for their viability and apoptosis under a transmission electron microscope,and by using flow cytometry following culture in serumfree medium and exposure to hypoxia (5% CO2,95% N2) for 12 h with or without TMZ.Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each group),including groupⅠ(AMI control),groupⅡ (MSCs transplantation alone),and group Ⅲ (TMZ+MSCs).Rat MSCs (4×107) were injected into peri-infarct myocardium (MSCs group and TMZ+MSCs group) 30 min after coronary artery ligation.The rats in TMZ+MSCs group were additionally fed on TMZ (2.08 mg?kg-1?day-1) from day 3 before AMI to day 28 after AMI.Cardiac structure and function were assessed by echocardiography at 28th day after transplantation.Blood samples were collected before the start of TMZ therapy (baseline),and 24 and 48 h after AMI,and inflammatory cytokines (CRP,TNF-α) were measured.Then the sur-vival and differentiation of transplanted cells in vivo were detected by immunofluorescent staining.The cellular apoptosis in the peri-infarct region was detected by using TUNEL assay.Furthermore,apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2,Bax) within the post-infarcted myocardium were detected by using Western blotting.In hypoxic culture,the TMZ-treated MSCs displayed a two-fold decrease in apoptosis under serumfree medium and hypoxia environment.In vivo,cardiac infarct size was significantly reduced,and cardiac function significantly improved in MSCs and TMZ+MSCs groups as compared with those in the AMI control group.Combined treatment of TMZ with MSCs implantation demonstrated further decreased MSCs apoptosis,further increased MSCs viability,further decreased infarct size,and further improved cardiac function as compared with MSCs alone.The baseline levels of inflammatory cyto-kines (CRP,TNF-α) had no significant difference among the groups.In contrast,all parameters at 24 h were lower in TMZ+MSCs group than those in MSCs group.Furthermore,Western blotting indicated that the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated,while the proapoptotic protein Bax was down-regulated in the TMZ+MSCs group,compared with that in the MSCs group.It is suggested that implantation of MSCs combined with TMZ treatment is superior to MSCs monotherapy for MSCs viability and cardiac function recovery.展开更多
Effects of four different drying methods on the colour, texture, sensory quality, microstructure, bacterial viability and storage stability of probiotic-enriched apple snacks were assessed. The drying methods were air...Effects of four different drying methods on the colour, texture, sensory quality, microstructure, bacterial viability and storage stability of probiotic-enriched apple snacks were assessed. The drying methods were air drying (AD), freeze drying (FD), freeze drying followed by microwave vacuum drying (FD+MVD) and air drying followed by explosion puffing drying (AD+EPD). Overall, FD+MVD can be used as a suitable drying method for the development of probiotic enriched apple snacks in consideration of colour, texture, sensory quality, bacterial viability and storage stability. Probiotic bacteria in FD+MVD-dried samples remained above 1×106 CFU g 1 for 120 days at 25℃C. Interestingly, bacterial viability in FD+MVD-dried samples turned out to be significantly higher than FD-dried samples during storage for 120 days.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to use an air-liquid interface(ALI)exposure system to simulate the inhalation exposure of motorcycle exhaust particulates(MEPs)and then investigate the benchmark dose(BMD)of MEPs by evaluati...Objective This study aimed to use an air-liquid interface(ALI)exposure system to simulate the inhalation exposure of motorcycle exhaust particulates(MEPs)and then investigate the benchmark dose(BMD)of MEPs by evaluating cell relative viability(CRV)in lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells.Methods The MEPs dose was characterized by measuring the number concentration(NC),surface area concentration(SAC),and mass concentration(MC).BEAS-2B cells were exposed to MEPs at different concentrations via ALI and CRV was determined using Cell Counting Kit(CCK-8)assay.BMD software was applied to calculate BMD and the lower limit of benchmark dose(BMDL)according to Akaike Information Coefficient(AIC),with P-value based on Hill,Linear,Polynomial,and Power model.Results Our results reveal that BMD of NC and SAC were estimated by the best-fitting Hill model,while MC was estimated by Polynomial model.The BMDL for CRV following ALI exposure to MEPs were as follows:364.2#/cm^(3)for NC;0.662×10^(7)nm^(2)/cm^(3)for SAC;and 0.278μg/m^(3)for MC.Conclusion These results indicate that MEPs exposure via ALI system induces a dose-dependent decrease of CRV and provides the potential exposure threshold of MEPs in a lung cell model.展开更多
AIM: To transduce recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) gene adeno-associated virus(AAV) to in vitro cultured cat corneal endothelial cell (CEC) and observe the effect of the expressed PDGF-BB pr...AIM: To transduce recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) gene adeno-associated virus(AAV) to in vitro cultured cat corneal endothelial cell (CEC) and observe the effect of the expressed PDGF-BB protein on the viability of cat CEC. METHODS: Cat cornea endothelium was torn under microscope and rapidly cultivated in DMEM to form single layer CEC and the passage 2 endothelial cells were used in this study. The recombinant human PDGF-B gene AAV was constructed and transduced into cat CEC directly. Three groups were as following: blank control group, AAV control group and recombinant AAV group. At 24 hours, 48 hours, and 5 days after transduction, total RNA was extracted from the CEC by Trizol and the expression of PDGF-B gene was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Viability of the transduced CEC was detected at 48 hours after transduction by MTT assay. Cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. RESULTS: With the torn endothelium culture technique, we rapidly got single layer cat CEC. At 24 hours, 48 hours and 5 days after transduction, fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed there was no significant difference of the expressed PDGF-B gene mRNA between blank control group and AAV control group (P>0.05). In contrast, there were significant differences between two control groups and recombinant AAV group (P<0.05). MTT assay showed that in recombinant AAV group, the expressed PDGF-BB protein could promote the viability of cat CEC. Morphology observation showed at 48 hours after transduction, cells in CEC-AAV-PDGF-B group proliferated into bigger scales in regular triangle to hexagon shape with distinct boundary, while the number of cells was significantly less in the two control groups. CONCLUSION: The recombinant AAV-PDGF-B expresses biological active PDGF-BB protein in cat CEC, which promotes the viability and proliferation of cells.展开更多
Background:One of the most challenging tasks in wildlife conservation and management is clarifying which and how external and intrinsic factors influence wildlife demography and long-term viability.The wild population...Background:One of the most challenging tasks in wildlife conservation and management is clarifying which and how external and intrinsic factors influence wildlife demography and long-term viability.The wild population of the Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon)has recovered to approximately 4400,and several reintroduction programs have been carried out in China,Japan and Korea.Population viability analysis on this endangered species has been limited to the wild population,showing that the long-term population growth is restricted by the carrying capacity and inbreeding.However,gaps in knowledge of the viability of the reintroduced population and its drivers in the release environment impede the identification of the most effective population-level priorities for aiding in species recovery.Methods:The field monitoring data were collected from a reintroduced Crested Ibis population in Ningshan,China from 2007 to 2018.An individual-based VORTEX model(Version 10.3.5.0)was used to predict the future viability of the reintroduced population by incorporating adaptive patterns of ibis movement in relation to catastrophe frequency,mortality and sex ratio.Results:The reintroduced population in Ningshan County is unlikely to go extinct in the next 50 years.The popula-tion size was estimated to be 367,and the population genetic diversity was estimated to be 0.97.Sensitivity analysis showed that population size and extinction probability were dependent on the carrying capacity and sex ratio.The carrying capacity is the main factor accounting for the population size and genetic diversity,while the sex ratio is the primary factor responsible for the population growth trend.Conclusions:A viable population of the Crested Ibis can be established according to population viability analysis.Based on our results,conservation management should prioritize a balanced sex ratio,high-quality habitat and low mortality.展开更多
AIM To investigate viability assessment of segmental small bowel ischemia/reperfusion in a porcine model.METHODS In 15 pigs, five or six 30-cm segments of jejunum were simultaneously made ischemic by clamping the mese...AIM To investigate viability assessment of segmental small bowel ischemia/reperfusion in a porcine model.METHODS In 15 pigs, five or six 30-cm segments of jejunum were simultaneously made ischemic by clamping the mesenteric arteries and veins for 1 to 16 h. Reperfusion was initiated after different intervals of ischemia(1-8 h) and subsequently monitored for 5-15 h. The intestinal segments were regularly photographed and assessed visually and by palpation. Intraluminal lactate and glycerol concentrations were measured by microdialysis, and samples were collected for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The histological changes were described and graded.RESULTS Using light microscopy, the jejunum was considered as viable until 6 h of ischemia, while with transmission electron microscopy the ischemic muscularis propria was considered viable until 5 h of ischemia. However, following ≥ 1 h of reperfusion, only segments that had been ischemic for ≤ 3 h appeared viable, suggesting a possible upper limit for viability in the porcine mesenteric occlusion model. Although intraluminal microdialysis allowed us to closely monitor the onset and duration of ischemia and the onset of reperfusion, we were unable to find sufficient level of association between tissue viability and metabolic markers to conclude that microdialysis is clinically relevant for viability assessment. Evaluation of color and motility appears to be poor indicators of intestinal viability.CONCLUSION Three hours of total ischemia of the small bowel followed by reperfusion appears to be the upper limit for viability in this porcine mesenteric ischemia model.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of aspirin on neuroendocrine tumor(NET)cell growth and signaling in vitro.METHODS:Human pancreatic BON1,bronchopulmonary NCI-H727 and midgut GOT1 neuroendocrine tumor cells were treated w...AIM:To investigate the effect of aspirin on neuroendocrine tumor(NET)cell growth and signaling in vitro.METHODS:Human pancreatic BON1,bronchopulmonary NCI-H727 and midgut GOT1 neuroendocrine tumor cells were treated with different concentrations of aspirin(from 0.001 to 5 mmol/L),and the resulting effects on metabolic activity/cell proliferation were measured using cell proliferation assays and SYBR-DNAlabeling after 72,144 and 216 h of incubation.The effects of aspirin on the expression and phosphorylation of several critical proteins that are involved in the most common intracellular growth factor signaling pathways(especially Akt protein kinase B)and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)were determined by Western blot analyses.Propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry were used to evaluate changes in cell cycle distribution and apoptosis.Statistical analysis was performed using a 2-tailed Student’s t-test to evaluate the proliferation assays and cell cycle analyses.The results are expressed as the mean±SD of 3 or 4 independently performed experiments.Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.RESULTS:Treatment with aspirin suppressed the viability/proliferation of BON1,NCI-H727 and GOT1 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner.Significant effects were observed at starting doses of 0.5-1 mmol/L and peaked at 5 mmol/L.For instance,after treatment with 1 mmol/L aspirin for 144 h,the viability of pancreatic BON1 cells decreased to 66%±13%(P<0.05),the viability of bronchopulmonary NCI-H727 cells decreased to 53%±8%(P<0.01)and the viability of midgut GOT1 cells decreased to 89%±6%(P<0.01).These effects were associated with a decreased entry into the S phase,the induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and reduced expression of cyclindependent kinase 4 and cyclin D3.Aspirin suppressed mTOR downstream signaling,evidenced by the reduced phosphorylation of the mTOR substrates 4E binding protein 1,serine/threonine kinase P70S6K and S6 ribosomal protein and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase3 activity.We observed the(compensatory)activation of tuberous sclerosis 2,the serine/threonine specific protein kinase AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinases.CONCLUSION:Aspirin demonstrates promising anticancer properties for NETs in vitro.Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed.展开更多
Riboflavin-UVA photodynamic inactivation is a potential treatment altemative in therapy resistant infectious keratitis. The purpose of our study was to determine the impact of riboflavin-UVA photodynamic inactivation ...Riboflavin-UVA photodynamic inactivation is a potential treatment altemative in therapy resistant infectious keratitis. The purpose of our study was to determine the impact of riboflavin-UVA photodynamic inactivation on viability, apop- tosis and activation of human keratocytes in vitro. Primary human keratocytes were isolated from human corneal buttons and cultured in DMEM/Ham's F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Keratocytes underwent UVA light illumination (375 nm) for 4.10 minutes (2 J/cm2) during exposure to different concentrations of riboflavin. Twenty-four hours after treatment, cell viability was evaluated photometrically, whereas apoptosis, CD34 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression were assessed using flow cytometry. We did not detect significant changes in cell viability, apoptosis, CD34 and α-SMA expression in groups only treated with riboflavin or UVA light. In the group treated with riboflavin-UVA-photodynamic inactivation, viability of keratocytes decreased significantly at 0.1% riboflavin (P〈0.01) while the percentage of CD34 (P〈0.01 for both 0.05% and 0.1% riboflavin) and alpha-SMA positive keratocytes (P〈0.01 and P〈0.05 for 0.05% and 0.1% riboflavin, respectively) increased significantly compared to the controls. There was no significant change in the percentage of apoptotic keratocytes compared to controls at any of the used ribo- flavin concentrations (P=0.09 and P=0.13). We concluded that riboflavin-UVA-photodynamic-inactivation decreases viability of myofibroblastic transformation and multipotent haematopoietic stem cell transformation; however, it does not have an impact on apoptosis of human keratocytes in vitro.展开更多
Cryopreservation is the process of choice for long term preservation of cells and tissues. In this study, the effects of cryoprotective agents, dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), glycerol and 1,2 propanediol on the bovine art...Cryopreservation is the process of choice for long term preservation of cells and tissues. In this study, the effects of cryoprotective agents, dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), glycerol and 1,2 propanediol on the bovine articular chondrocyte viability were examined experimentally. The CPA was added at the concentrations of 0 6, 0 9, 1 2 and 1 5 mol/L and at 4 ℃ and 37 ℃ and removed at 37 ℃ in one step. CPA stepwise addition and removal at 0 6 and 1 2 mol/L and at 37 ℃ was also tested as an alternative protocol. Cell volume excursion during DMSO addition and removal was estimated and correlated well with cell survival rates. Solution makeup affects cell survival rate and a stepwise protocol can improve the cell survival rates significantly.展开更多
AIM:To explore the effect of miR-22 on viability,migration,invasion and apoptosis in retinoblastoma(RB)Y79 cells and to further detect the potential mechanism.METHODS:Plasmids were constructed to change the expres...AIM:To explore the effect of miR-22 on viability,migration,invasion and apoptosis in retinoblastoma(RB)Y79 cells and to further detect the potential mechanism.METHODS:Plasmids were constructed to change the expression level of miR-22 in Y79 cells. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was conducted to test the expression level of miR-22. After changing the expression of miR-22,the mRNA and protein levels of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1) were investigated using RT-PCR and Western blotting.The effect of miR-22 on viability was analyzed by using cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay and the effect on apoptosis was detected by the flow cytometry. Wound healing migration assay and Transwell invasion assay were used to detect the effects of miR-22 on cell motility.RESULTS:miR-22 inhibited viability,migration and invasion,while promoting apoptosis,in RB Y79 cells.The inhibition rate of miR-22 overexpression group at 12,24,48h was 11.71%±2.54%,21.36%±1.39% and 29.44%±1.15%,respectively.Cellular apoptosis was higher in miR-22 overexpression group(17.00%±0.39%) compared with negative control(4.38%±0.38%).miR-22 negatively mediated the expression of HMGB1.Furthermore,decreased展开更多
Salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stresses for crop production.The present study investigates the salinityinduced modulation in growth indicators,morphology and movement of stomata,photosynthetic pigments,act...Salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stresses for crop production.The present study investigates the salinityinduced modulation in growth indicators,morphology and movement of stomata,photosynthetic pigments,activity of carbonic anhydrase as well as nitrate reductase,and antioxidant systems in two varieties of chickpea(Pusa-BG5023,and Pusa-BGD72).On 20^(th) day of sowing,plants were treated with varying levels of NaCl(0,50,100,150 and 200 mM)followed by sampling on 45 days of sowing.Recorded observations on both the varieties reveal that salt stress leads to a significant decline in growth,dry biomass,leaf area,photosynthetic pigments,protein content,stomatal behavior,cell viability,activity of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase with the rise in the concentration of salt.However,quantitatively these changes were less in Pusa-BG5023 as compared to Pusa-BGD72.Furthermore,salinity-induced oxidative stress enhanced malondialdehyde content,superoxide radicals,foliar proline content,and the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and peroxidase.The variety Pusa-BGD72 was found more sensitive than Pusa-BG5023 to salt stress.Out of different graded concentrations(50,100,150 and 200 mM)of sodium chloride,50 mM was least toxic,and 200 mM was most damaging.The differential behavior of these two varieties measured in terms of stomatal behavior,cell viability,photosynthetic pigments,and antioxidant defense system can be used as prospective indicators for selection of chickpea plants for salt tolerance and sensitivity.展开更多
An argon atmospheric pressure plasma jet was employed to treat L929 murine fibroblasts cultured in vitro.Experimental results showed that,compared with the control cells,the treatment of fibroblasts with 15 s of plasm...An argon atmospheric pressure plasma jet was employed to treat L929 murine fibroblasts cultured in vitro.Experimental results showed that,compared with the control cells,the treatment of fibroblasts with 15 s of plasma led to a significant increase of cell viability and collagen synthesis,while the treatment of 25 s plasma resulted in a remarkable decrease.Exploration of related mechanisms suggested that cold plasma could up-regulate Cyclin D1 gene expression and down-regulate p27 gene expression at a low dose,while it could down-regulate Cyclin D1 expression and up-regulate p27 expression at a higher dose,thus altering the cell cycle progression,and then affecting cell viability and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts.展开更多
文摘During in vitro fertilization, human embryos are incubated without light, and these conditions do not ensure embryo survival. This study explored whether environmental conditions can influence the embryo viability rates of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. In particular, the experiment tested what colors of visible light provide the best incubation conditions to ensure cricket embryo viability. The concept was to use house cricket embryos to represent human embryos. Cricket embryos were chosen as their eggs have soft outer membrane casings and resemble human embryos during the first few days after fertilization. During the experiment, the adult crickets laid their eggs into one of six soil-filled boxes called substrates. Each substrate was placed into one of six storage containers filled with adult crickets and lit with a different colored visible light (red, yellow, green, blue, white, or no light). After two days of breeding, the egg-filled substrates were removed from the adult crickets and placed in another storage container of the same color light. After incubation under heat-emitting lamps and under one of six light colors, nymphs were counted after hatching to determine embryo viability. After three trials, the red light provided the significantly highest viability rate, with yellow and no light being comparable seconds. The green, blue, and white lights showed significantly lower viability rates than no visible light. My results raise the speculation that exposing fertilized mammal eggs to visible light colors might have the same effects during the in vitro fertilization process.
基金Supported by the Great Salt Lake Ecosystem Program of Utah Division of Wildlife Resources,Utah Agricultural Experiment Station(article No.9534)and Ecology Center of Utah State Universityapproved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Utah State University(10087)+2 种基金permitted by the state of Utah(1BAND10069,2COLL10039)the U.S.Bird Banding Lab(21175)and the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(MB693916-0).
文摘Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana provide food for many migrating and staging birds that spend summer and fall on Great Salt Lake,Utah,USA.Artemia produce live young and cysts(hard-walled eggs);these cysts are commercially harvested on Great Salt Lake and support a large industry in Utah.It is unclear the impact that millions of hungry birds have on the Artemia population in the lake.To help assess that,this study evaluated cyst viability(percentage of cysts that contain an embryo)and hatchability(percent of cysts that hatch)from cysts that had passed through the digestive tract of eared grebes Podiceps nigricollis and cysts obtained directly from Great Salt Lake at the same site where each grebe was collected.Hatchability was significantly higher for cysts collected from the water column(19%)than from the stomach(0.3%)or intestines(3%)of eared grebes.Viability also was significantly different for cysts collected from the water column(29%),stomach(0.7%),and intestines(5%).These results indicate that eared grebes nutritionally benefit from eating cysts and that they may be an important food source for grebes in late fall after the adult population of Artemia dies off due to the water becoming too cold.Also,enough cysts survive their passage through the digestive system that grebes can vector hatchable cysts to other waterbodies.
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting fabricates 3D functional tissues/organs by accurately depositing the bioink composed of the biological materials and living cells.Even though 3D bioprinting techniques have experienced significant advancement over the past decades,it remains challenging for 3D bioprinting to artificially fabricate functional tissues/organs with high post-printing cell viability and functionality since cells endure various types of stress during the bioprinting process.Generally,cell viability which is affected by several factors including the stress and the environmental factors,such as pH and temperature,is mainly determined by the magnitude and duration of the stress imposed on the cells with poorer cell viability under a higher stress and a longer duration condition.The maintenance of high cell viability especially for those vulnerable cells,such as stem cells which are more sensitive to multiple stresses,is a key initial step to ensure the functionality of the artificial tissues/organs.In addition,maintaining the pluripotency of the cells such as proliferation and differentiation abilities is also essential for the 3D-bioprinted tissues/organs to be similar to native tissues/organs.This review discusses various pathways triggering cell damage and the major factors affecting cell viability during different bioprinting processes,summarizes the studies on cell viabilities and functionalities in different bioprinting processes,and presents several potential approaches to protect cells from injuries to ensure high cell viability and functionality.
文摘Seed aging characteristics of rice was investigated in this study. Seeds of 34 japonica rice (O-ryza sativa subsp. japonica) varieties were held at 451 constant temperature. Changes in seed viability and seed vigor during aging process were measured to study seed viability-losing characteristic and to determine warning index for seed viability loss. As a result, seed viability survival curves were obtained across different rice accessions at 45℃ constant temperature. The curves appeared to be contra-sigmoid survival curves. The loss of seed viability in the aging process consisted of two phases. The first phase took a long duration, in which the viability of vigorous seeds declined slowly. In the second phase, seed viability declined rapidly. It was obvious that seed viability declined inconsistently during storage. It also showed that seed germination was prolonged and the seedling was significantly weakened before the coming of the rapid declining phase of seed viability. These two parameters could be used to indicate seed quality during storage. The rate of compatibility of tests (RCT), coefficient of variation (CV), vigor of seedling, the day the seeds start to germinate could be used as warning indexes to indicate overall quality of a mass of accessions. These warning indexes could also be used in monitoring the viability of seeds stored in the seed genebank.
文摘Objective To evaluate short time effects of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) and rtPA thrombolysis+PCI (rtPA+PCI) on myocardial viability and ventricular systolic synchrony in AMI patients.Methods Eighty seven patients with first AMI were divided into two groups: group A ( n =42), pPCI group, the patients underwent PCI within 6h after onset of AMI; group B ( n =45), rtPA+PCI group, the patients underwent PCI after thrombolysis within 6h after onset of AMI; Myocardial viability was measured by 99m Tc MIBI SPECT. While, the parameters of cardiac function LVEF and ventricular systolic synchrony LVPS were measured by 99m Tc gated cardiac blood pool image on the first and the fourth weekend. Results (1) The peak CK MB was significantly lower in group A than that in group B( P <0.01 ). (2) Myocardial infarction area (MIA) was decreased and radioactivity counts in MIA was significantly increased in group A and B on the 4th weekend compared with that on the first weekend ( P <0.01 ), but there were no significant difference between group A and group B. (3) LVEF, LVPS were no significant difference between group A and group B.Conclusions (1)pPCI in acute myocardial infartion can limit infarct area, maintain ventricular systolic synchrony and improve ventricular function; (2) but, in those hospitals that there were no any condition for PCI, they should transfer the patients to central hospital for PCI after thrombolysis at the first time. It is beneficial to improve myocardial viability and ventricular systolic synchrony of AMI patients in short time.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project,No.2012ZX10002-017Natural Science Foundation of China for Innovative Research Group,No.81121002+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81000137 and No.81470891The Qianjiang Talent Program of Zhejiang Province,China,No.2012R10045the Scientific Research Program for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Health,China,No.J20112008National High Technology Research and Development Program of China for Young Scientists(863 Program),No.2015AA020923Ministry of Education,Zhejiang Province,China,No.Y201328095
文摘AIM: To optimize the perfusates used for hypothermicmachine perfusion(HMP).METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to three groups(n = 12 per group) that received either saline, University of Wisconsin coldstorage solution(UW) or histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution(HTK) as the perfusate. Each group was divided into two subgroups: static cold storage(SCS) and HMP(n = 6 per subgroup). The liver graft was retrieved according to the method described by Kamada. For the SCS group, the graft was directly placed into cold perfusate(0-4?℃) for 6 h after liver isolation while the portal vein of the graft was connected to the perfusion machine for the HMP group. Then the perfusates were collected at different time points for analysis of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine transaminase(ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) levels. Liver tissues were obtained for evaluation of histology, dry/wet weight(D/W) ratio, and malondialdehyde(MDA) and adenosine-triphosphate(ATP) levels. The portal vein pressure and velocity were monitored in real time in all HMP subgroups.RESULTS: Comparison of HMP and SCS: Regardless of the perfusate, HMP improved the architecture of donor graft in reducing the congestion around sinusoids and central vein and maintaining sinusoid lining in morphology; HMP improved liver function in terms of ALT, AST and LDH, especially during the 3-6 h period(SCS vs HMP using saline: ALT3, 225.00 ± 105.62 vs 49.50 ± 18.50, P = 0.047; LDH3, 1362.17 ± 563.30 vs 325.75 ± 147.43, P = 0.041; UW: LDH6, 2880.14 ± 948.46 vs 2135.00 ± 174.27, P = 0.049; HTK, AST6, 307.50 ± 52.95 vs 185.20 ± 20.46, P = 0.041); HMP decreased MDA level(saline, 2.79 ± 0.30 vs 1.09 ± 0.09, P = 0.008; UW, 3.01 ± 0.77 vs 1.23 ± 0.68, P = 0.005; HTK, 3.30 ± 0.52 vs 1.56 ± 0.22, P = 0.006). Comparison among HMP subgroups: HTK showed less portal vein resistance than UW and saline(vs saline, 3.41 ± 0.49 vs 5.00 ± 0.38, P < 0.001; vs UW, 3.41 ± 0.49 vs 4.52 ± 0.63, P = 0.007); UW reduced edema most efficiently(vs saline, 0.68 ± 0.02 vs 0.79 ± 0.05, P = 0.013), while HTK maintained ATP levels best(vs saline, 622.60 ± 29.11 vs 327.43 ± 44.66, P < 0.001; vs UW, 622.60 ± 29.11 vs 301.80 ± 37.68, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: HMP is superior to SCS in maintaining both architecture and function of liver grafts. Further, HTK was found to be the optimal perfusate for HMP.
文摘AIM: To analyze the concentration-dependent effects of autologous serum (AS) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) on human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) viability, migration and proliferation. METHODS: AS was prepared from 13 patients with non- healing epithelial defects Dulbecco's modified eagle medium/ Ham's F12 (DMEM/F12) with 5% FBS, 0.5% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), 10 ng/mL human epidermal growth factor, 1% insulin-transferrin-selenium, then were incubated in serum media: DMEM/F12 supplemented by 5%, 10%, 15% or 30% AS or FBS. HCEC viability was analyzed using cell proliferation kit XTI', migration using a wound healing assay, proliferation by the cell proliferation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) BrdU kit. Statistical analysis was performed using the generalized linear model, the values at 30% AS or 30% FBS were used as the baselines. RESULTS: HCEC viability was the highest at 30% AS or 15% FBS and the lowest at 10% AS or 30% FBS application. HCEC migration was the quickest through 30% AS or 30% FBS and the slowest through 5% AS or 5% FBS concentrations. Proliferation was the most increased through 15% AS or 5% FBS and the least increased through 30% AS or 30% FBS concentrations. HCEC viability at 10% and 15% AS was significantly worse (P=0.001, P=0.023) compared to baseline and significantly better at 15% FBS (P=0.003) concentrations. HCEC migration was significantly worse (P〈0.007) and HCEC proliferation significantly better (P〈0.001) in all concentration groups compared to baseline. CONCLUSION: For the best viability of HCEC 30% AS or 15% FBS, for HCEC migration 30% AS or 30% FBS, for proliferation 15% AS or 5% FBS should be used. Therefore, we suggest the use of 30% AS in clinical practice.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30700314)Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau of Hubei province,China (No.20065004116-02)
文摘Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential for cardiac repair following myocardial injury,but this approach is limited by their poor viability after transplantation.The present study was to investigate whether trimetazidine (TMZ) could improve survival of MSCs in an ex vitro model of hypoxia,as well as survival,differentiation,and subsequent activities of transplanted MSCs in rat hearts with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MSCs at passage 3 were examined for their viability and apoptosis under a transmission electron microscope,and by using flow cytometry following culture in serumfree medium and exposure to hypoxia (5% CO2,95% N2) for 12 h with or without TMZ.Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each group),including groupⅠ(AMI control),groupⅡ (MSCs transplantation alone),and group Ⅲ (TMZ+MSCs).Rat MSCs (4×107) were injected into peri-infarct myocardium (MSCs group and TMZ+MSCs group) 30 min after coronary artery ligation.The rats in TMZ+MSCs group were additionally fed on TMZ (2.08 mg?kg-1?day-1) from day 3 before AMI to day 28 after AMI.Cardiac structure and function were assessed by echocardiography at 28th day after transplantation.Blood samples were collected before the start of TMZ therapy (baseline),and 24 and 48 h after AMI,and inflammatory cytokines (CRP,TNF-α) were measured.Then the sur-vival and differentiation of transplanted cells in vivo were detected by immunofluorescent staining.The cellular apoptosis in the peri-infarct region was detected by using TUNEL assay.Furthermore,apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2,Bax) within the post-infarcted myocardium were detected by using Western blotting.In hypoxic culture,the TMZ-treated MSCs displayed a two-fold decrease in apoptosis under serumfree medium and hypoxia environment.In vivo,cardiac infarct size was significantly reduced,and cardiac function significantly improved in MSCs and TMZ+MSCs groups as compared with those in the AMI control group.Combined treatment of TMZ with MSCs implantation demonstrated further decreased MSCs apoptosis,further increased MSCs viability,further decreased infarct size,and further improved cardiac function as compared with MSCs alone.The baseline levels of inflammatory cyto-kines (CRP,TNF-α) had no significant difference among the groups.In contrast,all parameters at 24 h were lower in TMZ+MSCs group than those in MSCs group.Furthermore,Western blotting indicated that the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated,while the proapoptotic protein Bax was down-regulated in the TMZ+MSCs group,compared with that in the MSCs group.It is suggested that implantation of MSCs combined with TMZ treatment is superior to MSCs monotherapy for MSCs viability and cardiac function recovery.
基金financially supported by the Key Projects in the Jiangsu Province Key Research & Development Program,China (BE 2016363)
文摘Effects of four different drying methods on the colour, texture, sensory quality, microstructure, bacterial viability and storage stability of probiotic-enriched apple snacks were assessed. The drying methods were air drying (AD), freeze drying (FD), freeze drying followed by microwave vacuum drying (FD+MVD) and air drying followed by explosion puffing drying (AD+EPD). Overall, FD+MVD can be used as a suitable drying method for the development of probiotic enriched apple snacks in consideration of colour, texture, sensory quality, bacterial viability and storage stability. Probiotic bacteria in FD+MVD-dried samples remained above 1×106 CFU g 1 for 120 days at 25℃C. Interestingly, bacterial viability in FD+MVD-dried samples turned out to be significantly higher than FD-dried samples during storage for 120 days.
基金supported by the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.81472955,82073596 and 91643203]。
文摘Objective This study aimed to use an air-liquid interface(ALI)exposure system to simulate the inhalation exposure of motorcycle exhaust particulates(MEPs)and then investigate the benchmark dose(BMD)of MEPs by evaluating cell relative viability(CRV)in lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells.Methods The MEPs dose was characterized by measuring the number concentration(NC),surface area concentration(SAC),and mass concentration(MC).BEAS-2B cells were exposed to MEPs at different concentrations via ALI and CRV was determined using Cell Counting Kit(CCK-8)assay.BMD software was applied to calculate BMD and the lower limit of benchmark dose(BMDL)according to Akaike Information Coefficient(AIC),with P-value based on Hill,Linear,Polynomial,and Power model.Results Our results reveal that BMD of NC and SAC were estimated by the best-fitting Hill model,while MC was estimated by Polynomial model.The BMDL for CRV following ALI exposure to MEPs were as follows:364.2#/cm^(3)for NC;0.662×10^(7)nm^(2)/cm^(3)for SAC;and 0.278μg/m^(3)for MC.Conclusion These results indicate that MEPs exposure via ALI system induces a dose-dependent decrease of CRV and provides the potential exposure threshold of MEPs in a lung cell model.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (No.ZR2010HQ041)
文摘AIM: To transduce recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) gene adeno-associated virus(AAV) to in vitro cultured cat corneal endothelial cell (CEC) and observe the effect of the expressed PDGF-BB protein on the viability of cat CEC. METHODS: Cat cornea endothelium was torn under microscope and rapidly cultivated in DMEM to form single layer CEC and the passage 2 endothelial cells were used in this study. The recombinant human PDGF-B gene AAV was constructed and transduced into cat CEC directly. Three groups were as following: blank control group, AAV control group and recombinant AAV group. At 24 hours, 48 hours, and 5 days after transduction, total RNA was extracted from the CEC by Trizol and the expression of PDGF-B gene was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Viability of the transduced CEC was detected at 48 hours after transduction by MTT assay. Cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. RESULTS: With the torn endothelium culture technique, we rapidly got single layer cat CEC. At 24 hours, 48 hours and 5 days after transduction, fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed there was no significant difference of the expressed PDGF-B gene mRNA between blank control group and AAV control group (P>0.05). In contrast, there were significant differences between two control groups and recombinant AAV group (P<0.05). MTT assay showed that in recombinant AAV group, the expressed PDGF-BB protein could promote the viability of cat CEC. Morphology observation showed at 48 hours after transduction, cells in CEC-AAV-PDGF-B group proliferated into bigger scales in regular triangle to hexagon shape with distinct boundary, while the number of cells was significantly less in the two control groups. CONCLUSION: The recombinant AAV-PDGF-B expresses biological active PDGF-BB protein in cat CEC, which promotes the viability and proliferation of cells.
基金The study was supported by Shaanxi Forestry Bureau and National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31872245 and 31572282).
文摘Background:One of the most challenging tasks in wildlife conservation and management is clarifying which and how external and intrinsic factors influence wildlife demography and long-term viability.The wild population of the Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon)has recovered to approximately 4400,and several reintroduction programs have been carried out in China,Japan and Korea.Population viability analysis on this endangered species has been limited to the wild population,showing that the long-term population growth is restricted by the carrying capacity and inbreeding.However,gaps in knowledge of the viability of the reintroduced population and its drivers in the release environment impede the identification of the most effective population-level priorities for aiding in species recovery.Methods:The field monitoring data were collected from a reintroduced Crested Ibis population in Ningshan,China from 2007 to 2018.An individual-based VORTEX model(Version 10.3.5.0)was used to predict the future viability of the reintroduced population by incorporating adaptive patterns of ibis movement in relation to catastrophe frequency,mortality and sex ratio.Results:The reintroduced population in Ningshan County is unlikely to go extinct in the next 50 years.The popula-tion size was estimated to be 367,and the population genetic diversity was estimated to be 0.97.Sensitivity analysis showed that population size and extinction probability were dependent on the carrying capacity and sex ratio.The carrying capacity is the main factor accounting for the population size and genetic diversity,while the sex ratio is the primary factor responsible for the population growth trend.Conclusions:A viable population of the Crested Ibis can be established according to population viability analysis.Based on our results,conservation management should prioritize a balanced sex ratio,high-quality habitat and low mortality.
基金Supported by the Norwegian Research Council through the Integrisc project number 219819Sensocure AS,Langmyra 11,3185 Skoppum,Norway
文摘AIM To investigate viability assessment of segmental small bowel ischemia/reperfusion in a porcine model.METHODS In 15 pigs, five or six 30-cm segments of jejunum were simultaneously made ischemic by clamping the mesenteric arteries and veins for 1 to 16 h. Reperfusion was initiated after different intervals of ischemia(1-8 h) and subsequently monitored for 5-15 h. The intestinal segments were regularly photographed and assessed visually and by palpation. Intraluminal lactate and glycerol concentrations were measured by microdialysis, and samples were collected for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The histological changes were described and graded.RESULTS Using light microscopy, the jejunum was considered as viable until 6 h of ischemia, while with transmission electron microscopy the ischemic muscularis propria was considered viable until 5 h of ischemia. However, following ≥ 1 h of reperfusion, only segments that had been ischemic for ≤ 3 h appeared viable, suggesting a possible upper limit for viability in the porcine mesenteric occlusion model. Although intraluminal microdialysis allowed us to closely monitor the onset and duration of ischemia and the onset of reperfusion, we were unable to find sufficient level of association between tissue viability and metabolic markers to conclude that microdialysis is clinically relevant for viability assessment. Evaluation of color and motility appears to be poor indicators of intestinal viability.CONCLUSION Three hours of total ischemia of the small bowel followed by reperfusion appears to be the upper limit for viability in this porcine mesenteric ischemia model.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of aspirin on neuroendocrine tumor(NET)cell growth and signaling in vitro.METHODS:Human pancreatic BON1,bronchopulmonary NCI-H727 and midgut GOT1 neuroendocrine tumor cells were treated with different concentrations of aspirin(from 0.001 to 5 mmol/L),and the resulting effects on metabolic activity/cell proliferation were measured using cell proliferation assays and SYBR-DNAlabeling after 72,144 and 216 h of incubation.The effects of aspirin on the expression and phosphorylation of several critical proteins that are involved in the most common intracellular growth factor signaling pathways(especially Akt protein kinase B)and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)were determined by Western blot analyses.Propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry were used to evaluate changes in cell cycle distribution and apoptosis.Statistical analysis was performed using a 2-tailed Student’s t-test to evaluate the proliferation assays and cell cycle analyses.The results are expressed as the mean±SD of 3 or 4 independently performed experiments.Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.RESULTS:Treatment with aspirin suppressed the viability/proliferation of BON1,NCI-H727 and GOT1 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner.Significant effects were observed at starting doses of 0.5-1 mmol/L and peaked at 5 mmol/L.For instance,after treatment with 1 mmol/L aspirin for 144 h,the viability of pancreatic BON1 cells decreased to 66%±13%(P<0.05),the viability of bronchopulmonary NCI-H727 cells decreased to 53%±8%(P<0.01)and the viability of midgut GOT1 cells decreased to 89%±6%(P<0.01).These effects were associated with a decreased entry into the S phase,the induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and reduced expression of cyclindependent kinase 4 and cyclin D3.Aspirin suppressed mTOR downstream signaling,evidenced by the reduced phosphorylation of the mTOR substrates 4E binding protein 1,serine/threonine kinase P70S6K and S6 ribosomal protein and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase3 activity.We observed the(compensatory)activation of tuberous sclerosis 2,the serine/threonine specific protein kinase AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinases.CONCLUSION:Aspirin demonstrates promising anticancer properties for NETs in vitro.Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed.
基金supports of the China Scholarship Council(CSC)for the author's study(J Wang and X Song)the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for supporting the work of Dr.N.Szentmary at the Department of Ophthalmology of Saarland University,Homburg/Saar,Germanysupported by"Zentrales Innovationsprogram Mittelstand(ZIM)"of the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology(Project number:KF2152004MD0)
文摘Riboflavin-UVA photodynamic inactivation is a potential treatment altemative in therapy resistant infectious keratitis. The purpose of our study was to determine the impact of riboflavin-UVA photodynamic inactivation on viability, apop- tosis and activation of human keratocytes in vitro. Primary human keratocytes were isolated from human corneal buttons and cultured in DMEM/Ham's F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Keratocytes underwent UVA light illumination (375 nm) for 4.10 minutes (2 J/cm2) during exposure to different concentrations of riboflavin. Twenty-four hours after treatment, cell viability was evaluated photometrically, whereas apoptosis, CD34 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression were assessed using flow cytometry. We did not detect significant changes in cell viability, apoptosis, CD34 and α-SMA expression in groups only treated with riboflavin or UVA light. In the group treated with riboflavin-UVA-photodynamic inactivation, viability of keratocytes decreased significantly at 0.1% riboflavin (P〈0.01) while the percentage of CD34 (P〈0.01 for both 0.05% and 0.1% riboflavin) and alpha-SMA positive keratocytes (P〈0.01 and P〈0.05 for 0.05% and 0.1% riboflavin, respectively) increased significantly compared to the controls. There was no significant change in the percentage of apoptotic keratocytes compared to controls at any of the used ribo- flavin concentrations (P=0.09 and P=0.13). We concluded that riboflavin-UVA-photodynamic-inactivation decreases viability of myofibroblastic transformation and multipotent haematopoietic stem cell transformation; however, it does not have an impact on apoptosis of human keratocytes in vitro.
文摘Cryopreservation is the process of choice for long term preservation of cells and tissues. In this study, the effects of cryoprotective agents, dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO), glycerol and 1,2 propanediol on the bovine articular chondrocyte viability were examined experimentally. The CPA was added at the concentrations of 0 6, 0 9, 1 2 and 1 5 mol/L and at 4 ℃ and 37 ℃ and removed at 37 ℃ in one step. CPA stepwise addition and removal at 0 6 and 1 2 mol/L and at 37 ℃ was also tested as an alternative protocol. Cell volume excursion during DMSO addition and removal was estimated and correlated well with cell survival rates. Solution makeup affects cell survival rate and a stepwise protocol can improve the cell survival rates significantly.
基金Supported by the Key Project of Anhui Provincial Excellent Young Talent Support Program(No.gxyqZD2017033)the Grant of Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University(No.2014BKJ047)the Project of Anhui Provincial Young Wanjiang Scholars Support Program(No.9101041203)
文摘AIM:To explore the effect of miR-22 on viability,migration,invasion and apoptosis in retinoblastoma(RB)Y79 cells and to further detect the potential mechanism.METHODS:Plasmids were constructed to change the expression level of miR-22 in Y79 cells. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was conducted to test the expression level of miR-22. After changing the expression of miR-22,the mRNA and protein levels of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1) were investigated using RT-PCR and Western blotting.The effect of miR-22 on viability was analyzed by using cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay and the effect on apoptosis was detected by the flow cytometry. Wound healing migration assay and Transwell invasion assay were used to detect the effects of miR-22 on cell motility.RESULTS:miR-22 inhibited viability,migration and invasion,while promoting apoptosis,in RB Y79 cells.The inhibition rate of miR-22 overexpression group at 12,24,48h was 11.71%±2.54%,21.36%±1.39% and 29.44%±1.15%,respectively.Cellular apoptosis was higher in miR-22 overexpression group(17.00%±0.39%) compared with negative control(4.38%±0.38%).miR-22 negatively mediated the expression of HMGB1.Furthermore,decreased
文摘Salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stresses for crop production.The present study investigates the salinityinduced modulation in growth indicators,morphology and movement of stomata,photosynthetic pigments,activity of carbonic anhydrase as well as nitrate reductase,and antioxidant systems in two varieties of chickpea(Pusa-BG5023,and Pusa-BGD72).On 20^(th) day of sowing,plants were treated with varying levels of NaCl(0,50,100,150 and 200 mM)followed by sampling on 45 days of sowing.Recorded observations on both the varieties reveal that salt stress leads to a significant decline in growth,dry biomass,leaf area,photosynthetic pigments,protein content,stomatal behavior,cell viability,activity of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase with the rise in the concentration of salt.However,quantitatively these changes were less in Pusa-BG5023 as compared to Pusa-BGD72.Furthermore,salinity-induced oxidative stress enhanced malondialdehyde content,superoxide radicals,foliar proline content,and the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and peroxidase.The variety Pusa-BGD72 was found more sensitive than Pusa-BG5023 to salt stress.Out of different graded concentrations(50,100,150 and 200 mM)of sodium chloride,50 mM was least toxic,and 200 mM was most damaging.The differential behavior of these two varieties measured in terms of stomatal behavior,cell viability,photosynthetic pigments,and antioxidant defense system can be used as prospective indicators for selection of chickpea plants for salt tolerance and sensitivity.
基金supported partly by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81372076,51307133 and 51221005)China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(No.51125029)+1 种基金the Sci-Tech Project of Shaanxi Province of China(No.2010K16-04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.xkjc2013004)
文摘An argon atmospheric pressure plasma jet was employed to treat L929 murine fibroblasts cultured in vitro.Experimental results showed that,compared with the control cells,the treatment of fibroblasts with 15 s of plasma led to a significant increase of cell viability and collagen synthesis,while the treatment of 25 s plasma resulted in a remarkable decrease.Exploration of related mechanisms suggested that cold plasma could up-regulate Cyclin D1 gene expression and down-regulate p27 gene expression at a low dose,while it could down-regulate Cyclin D1 expression and up-regulate p27 expression at a higher dose,thus altering the cell cycle progression,and then affecting cell viability and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts.