Pb^(+2)、Cd^(+2)、Hg^(+2)对蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)乳酸脱氢酶的影响

Ｐｂ＋２、Ｃｄ＋２、Ｈｇ＋２浓度分别小于５．００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、２．００ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时，蚕豆（ＶｉｃｉａｆａｂａＬ．）乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）的活性高于对照组；当处理剂量分别升高超过上述剂量时，ＬＤＨ活性显著地降低。分析不同污染处理条件下的ＬＤＨ同工酶，发现其５种同工酶在不同金属以及同一金属的不同剂量处理条件下，有差异表达的特性。其中ＬＤＨ２在小剂量重金属作用下被诱导表达；ＬＤＨ４对金属离子反应比较敏感，ＬＤＨ３和ＬＤＨ５对金属具有较好的抗逆性。由于各同工酶生理功能的差异性，从而认为重金属作用下ＬＤＨ的适应性变化，只是一种生理功能的补偿，降低了植物对物质和能量的利用效率，显示出“适应代价”。本文还讨论了重金属对植物生理过程的影响方式和机理。

蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)对不同水分胁迫的光合适应性研究

以重庆市的蚕豆当家品种之一的大白豆为材料 ,通过人工水分胁迫处理 ,发现随干旱程度的增加 ,蚕豆叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量和叶绿素总量降低 ,Hill反应活力下降 ,净光合速率下降 ,同化产物的积累减少 ,最终表现为植株生物量的降低 .水分胁迫下植株净光合速率下降 ,光饱和点降低 ,光补偿点提高 ,CO2 补偿点提高 ,光呼吸增大 ,生长减弱 ,这是导致生物量积累减少的主要原因 .

Identification of Faba Bean(Vicia faba L.)Germplasm Resources in Hubei Province and Evaluation on Their Main Agronomic Traits

Through field observation and lab analysis, 13 agronomic traits, including plant height and effective branching number per plant, etc., of 207 faba bean （Vicia faba L.） germplasms saved in Crop Middle-term Genebank of Hubei Province were evaluated, moreover, the identification on the disease resistance and the quality was carried out on parts of germplasm resources. The results showed that the faba beangermplasm resources in Hubei Province were abundant, the variation range of agronomic traits like the growth period, plant height and 100-bean weight, etc., was great, and the range of choice was wide. In the aspect of quality, there were 9 germplasms withthe content of crude protein higher than 30%, and the variation range of amylose content in total starch was large, which provided excellent sources of parents for breedinq hi.qh-quality faba bean varieties in Hubei Province.

Effect of Localized Scorch on the Transport and Distribution of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid in Vicia faba

Exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) has been showed to be able to induce stomatal closure in Vicia faba L. in previous investigations. The transport and distribution of 3H-JA affected by localized scorch on V. faba seedling were studied with radioisotope technique. The results showed that 3H-JA could be transported up or down at the rate of 4-5 cm·min -1 following feeding into root or shoot tip. The transport of 3H-JA in shoot reached a relative stable rate at 30 min after being fed through root. Wounding by scorch in the youngest leaf caused an increase in the transport of 3H-JA from root to shoot and enhanced the distribution of 3H-JA in the wounded leaf. However, distribution of 3H-JA in unwounded leaves increased after 5 h being fed through the youngest leaf. It was noticed that wounding improved accumulation of 3H-JA in abaxial epidermis. Consistent results were obtained: wounding prevented transport of 3H-JA out from the youngest leaf to root; These observations suggest that JA plays an important role as a defense signal and might be involved in the regulation of the stomatal movement in response to wounding stress.

Identification of Plasma Membrane Aquaporin in Guard Cells of Vicia faba and Its Role in Stomatal Movement

Water channels or aquaporins are the main pathways of water transport. Both the existence and function of aquaporins in die guard cells of Vicia faba L. were investigated both by using RD28 cDNA and RD28 antibody as probes, and by controlling stomatal movement as a parameter combined with antibody and inhibitor of aquaporins respectively. The results revealed that RD28 mRNA, encoding a plasma membrane aquaporin, expressed in ale mesophyll cells and vascular tissues of V. faba, especially in guard cells. And the location of RD28-like proteins was mainly on plasma membrane of guard cells. The addition of 25 mumol/L HgCl2, an aquaporin blocker, and antibody of RD28 as well, greatly suppressed the stomatal opening or guardcell protoplast swelling induced by fusicoccin and light, and closing induced by abscisic acid. However, 5 mmol/L, beta-mercaptoethanol, a reverse reagent of aquaporin blocker, reversed the inhibitory effect of HgCl2 Pretreatment oil stomatal opening ( i.e., HgCl2 was removed after HgCl2 pretreatment for 10 min). The results suggest that the aquaporins in V. faba are associated with stomatal movement.

Cd^(2+)、Al^(3+)对蚕豆(Vicia faba)DNA合成及修复的影响

利用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ 掺入方法，研究了不同浓度单金属离子Ｃｄ２＋ 、Ａｌ３＋ 对蚕豆ＤＮＡ 合成、ＤＮＡ 修复（以ＵＤＳ为指标）的影响。结果表明：在低浓度Ｃｄ２＋ 、Ａｌ３＋ （Ｃｄ２＋ 浓度＜ ２０ｍ ｇ／ｌ，Ａｌ３＋ 浓度＜ １００ｍ ｇ／ｌ）处理后，蚕豆ＤＮＡ 合成加快，并且不同程度地诱导了ＵＤＳ的发生；但在高于此浓度的Ｃｄ２＋ 、Ａｌ３＋ 作用下，蚕豆ＤＮＡ合成受抑制，浓度越高，抑制作用越强；并且几乎不表现出ＵＤＳ效应。这一结果说明Ｃｄ２＋ 、Ａｌ３＋ 对蚕豆的遗传物质ＤＮＡ有损伤作用。在一定受损范围内，蚕豆自身有ＤＮＡ损伤修复能力，超过这个限度，ＤＮＡ损伤不能被修复。Ｃｄ２＋ 、Ａｌ３＋ 对ＤＮＡ 合成和修复的影响是高等植物金属中毒的机制之一。

水分胁迫对蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)叶片水分状况的影响

两个蚕豆品种经水分胁迫 ,蚕豆叶片的含水量、叶片相对含水量 ( RWC)降低 ,水分饱和亏缺 ( WSD)明显增大 ,主要是自由水含量减少而致 .香珠豆的气孔调节能力强 ,RWC、自由水下降幅度小 ,保水能力强 ,抗旱性强 .

盐胁迫对蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)叶绿素a和b含量的影响

用不同的盐浓度对蚕豆 (ViciafabaL .)处理的实验表明 :叶绿素含量随盐浓度的增大而有所降低 ,而叶绿素a/b则无明显变化。当NaCl浓度升至 1%时 ,叶绿素的含量在处理后的第三天呈现“增 -降”现象 ,在 1 5 %NaCl浓度下 ,“增 -降”尤为显著。这种叶绿素含量的变化势必影响到以叶片叶绿素含量比来判断植物抗盐性大小。

蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)叶片对土壤干旱胁迫的适应机理

蚕豆在不同土壤干旱条件下的盆栽试验结果表明 ,蚕豆对土壤干旱胁迫有一定的适应能力 .这种适应能力主要通过三种调节过程实现 ,即通过叶片水分饱和亏缺的反馈控制实现的气孔运动的调节 ;通过K+、游离脯氨酸和可溶性总糖积累实现的渗透调节 ;

水分胁迫对蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)生长的影响

在轻度水分胁迫下,蚕豆的株高、根长、鲜干重、叶面积、根瘤的数量与重量、开花数、结果数都明显下降,根冠比则上升。水分胁迫严重影响蚕豆的生长。

影响蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)叶片蒸腾速率的几个因子

利用 LI- 1 6 0 0稳态气孔计测定了蚕豆叶片蒸腾速率的日变化以及水分胁迫下蒸腾速率的变化 ,探讨了环境因子对蚕豆叶片蒸腾速率的影响 .结果表明 ,光量子通量密度是影响蒸腾速率的主要气象因子 ,土壤含水量影响叶片相对含水量 。

水分胁迫对蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)光合作用及产量的影响

以重庆市的蚕豆当家品种香珠豆为材料 ,通过人工水分胁迫处理 ,发现随土壤干旱程度的增加 ,蚕豆叶片的净光合速率下降 ,光饱和点降低 ,光补偿点提高 ,CO2 补偿点提高 ,光呼吸增大 ;生长减弱 ,同化产物的积累减少 ,最终表现为植株的株高、根长、鲜干重、叶面积、根瘤的数量与重量、开花数、结荚数都明显下降 ,根冠比则上升 .

Comparative Analysis on the Quality Components in Vicia faba L. of Different Genotypes

With 12 Vicia faba L. varieties of different genotypes as the research ma- terials, the contents of 9 kinds of quality factors of protein, fat, free amino acid as well as beneficial mineral elements were analyzed with the aim to provide the nec- essary theoretical basis for the selection of new varieties of high quality faba beans. The results showed that in the faba beans of different genotypes, the protein content ranged from 27.9% to 31.2%, fat content of 1.2-1.4%, tannin content of 4 700-5 280 mg/kg, iron content of 47.45-67.15 mgJkg, calcium content of 571.30-1 397.22 mg/kg, zinc content of 47.34-66.10 mg/kg, potassium content of 1.09-1.38%, and selenium content ranged from 0.031 mg/kg to 0.064 mg/kg. There were significant differences in the contents of different free amino acids between different genotypes, and the total free amino acid content was between 1.062% and 0.915%.

Existence of Extracellular Calmodulin in the Lower Epidermis of the Leaves of Vicia faba and Its Role in Regulating Stomatal Movements

As a possible peptide primary messenger, extracellular calmodulin (CaM) may regulate processes such as cell proliferation, pollen germination and expression of some genes. Stomata open or close quickly in response to environmental stimuli. CaM was found to be extracellular both in guard cells of broad bean leaves and in epidermal cells by immuno-electron microscopy and immuno-fluorescence microscopy techniques. Exogenous purified CaM enhanced stomatal closure and inhibited stomatal opening with an optimal concentration of 10(-8) mol/L; CaM antagonist W7-agarose and anti-CaM serum, which were membrane-impermeable macromolecules, inhibited stomatal closure and promoted stomatal opening. All these data showed that endogenous extracellular CaM. of guard cells did promote stomatal closure and inhibit stomatal opening, and could he active only outside the cells. Therefore under natural conditions, the endogenous extracellular CaM of guard cells might regulate stomatal movements as a primary messenger together with other signal molecules, and might be an important linkage between environmental stimuli and cell responses.

Hydrogen Sulfide May Function Downstream of Nitric Oxide in Ethylene-Induced Stomatal Closure in Vicia faba L.

Pharmacological, laser scanning confocal microscopic （LSCM）, and spectrophotographic approaches were used to study the roles of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） and nitric oxide （NO） in signaling transduction of stomatal movement in response to ethylene in Viciafaba L. Ethylene treatment resulted in the dose-dependent stomatal closure under light, and this effect was blocked by the inhibitors of H2S biosynthesis in V. faba L. Additionally, ethylene induces H2S generation and increases L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase （pyridoxalphosphate-dependent enzyme） activity in leaves of V. faba L. Inhibitors of H2S biosynthesis have no effect on the ethylene-induced stomatal closure, NO accumulation, and nitrate reductase （NR） activity in guard cells or leaves of II. faba L. Moreover, the ethylene-induced increase of H2S levels and L-/D- cysteine desulfhydrase activity declined when NO generation was inhibited. Therefore, we conclude that H2S and NO probably are involved in the signal transduction pathway of ethylene-induced stomatal closure. H2S may represent a novel component downstream of NO in the ethylene-induced stomatal movement in V. faba L.

蚕豆(Viciafaba L.)叶片蒸腾速率的因子分析

利用LI 16 0 0稳态气孔计测定了蚕豆叶片蒸腾速率的日变化 ,以及水分胁迫下蒸腾速率的变化 ,探讨了环境因子对蚕豆叶片蒸腾速率的影响 .结果表明 ,光量子通量密度是影响蒸腾速率的主要气象因子 ,土壤含水量影响叶片相对含水量 ,并通过气孔扩散阻力来影响蒸腾速率 .

Study on the Genetic and Physiological Toxicity of Wastewater from a Pharmaceutical Factory Using Root Tip Micronucleus Technology of Vicia faba

ObjectiveThe aim was to assess genetic and physiological toxicity of wastewater from a pharmaceutical factory using root tip micronucleus technology of Vicia faba. MethodThe pollution of wastewater from a pharmaceutical factory was detected by using root tip micronucleus technology of Vicia faba, and the genetic and physiological toxicity of the wastewater to Vicia faba was assessed. ResultNon-processed wastewater had an extremely high level of biological toxicity; the cells were unable to live with the wastewater at a high concentration; the cells were able to grow with the wastewater at a low concentration, though the micronucleus ratio was extremely high. The processed wastewater had no significant impact on cell growth, but the micronucleus ratio was extremely high, showing that the processed water also had a high pollution index. ConclusionThe research could provide scientific references for the national treatment of wastewater from a pharmaceutical factory.

Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) evaluation and regional analysis of Chinese faba bean(Vicia faba L.)

To analyze the nutritional composition of faba bean(Vicia faba L.) seed, estimation models were developed for protein, starch, oil, and total polyphenol using near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS). Two hundred and forty-four samples from twelve producing regions were measured in both milled powder and intact seed forms. Partial least squares(PLS) regression was applied for model development. The model based on ground seed powder was generally superior to that based on the intact seed. The optimal seed powder-based models for protein, starch, and total polyphenol had coefficients of correlation(r2) of 0.97, 0.93 and 0.89, respectively. The relationship between nutrient contents and twelve producing areas was determined by two-step cluster analysis. Three distinct groupings were obtained with region-constituent features, i.e., Group 1 of high oil, Group 2 of high protein, and Group 3 of high starch as well as total polyphenol. The clustering accuracy was 79.5%. Moreover, the nutrition contents were affected by seeding date, longitude, latitude, and altitude of plant location. Cluster analysis revealed that the differences in the seed were strongly influenced by geographical factors.

Effect of Varieties and Fungicide Rate on Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae) Disease of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) at Tach Gayint District in South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Faba bean is suffered with many biotic and abiotic factors. Chocolate spot disease, caused by Botrytis fabae is one of the biotic factors limiting yields of this crop resulting in yield losses up to 68% in Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted during 2020/2021 cropping season at Tach Gayint district, Ethiopia to determine the integration of faba bean varieties and fungicide rates on reducing chocolate spot disease. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments, viz. three faba bean varieties and four rate of Mancozeb fungicide in factorial arrangement. The experiment was laid out as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data was collected and analyzed. Results indicated that, disease incidence was reached at maximum percentage in all treatments on the last dates of assessment. But treatments were significantly difference in severity level. The least disease severity was recorded from varieties treated by 3.5 kg/ha of Mancozeb 80% WP with mean values Walki (12.7%), and (18.1% and 20.8%) on Gora and local variety respectively at the final dates of disease assessment. Similarly, the reduced AUDPC was also recorded from varieties treated by 3.5 kg/ha of Mancozeb 80% WP with mean values Walki (371.8% unit/day) and (539% and 686.4% days) on varieties Gora, and Local respectively. Whereas the maximum disease severity and AUDPC were obtained from unsprayed plots. Based on the results obtained, variety Walki treated with Mancozeb 80% WP at rate of 2.5 kg/ha and 3.5 kg/ha were effective to reduce the effect of chocolate spot disease for the study area.

Correlation Analysis and Principal Component Analysis of Eight Agronomic Traits of Autumn Broad Beans (Vicia faba L.)

[Objectives] This study was conducted to give play to the yield-increasing potential of new broad bean varieties. [Methods] The correlation analysis and principal component analysis of eight main agronomic traits of 15 autumn-sown broad bean varieties in 2017-2018 were carried out. [Results] There were extremely complicated correlations between the agronomic traits. Among the various agronomic traits, the number of pods per plant showed a significant negative correlation from the number of seeds per pod(P<0.05), and significant negative correlations with pod length and 100-grain weight(P<0.01). The number of seeds per pod was significantly positively correlated with pod length(P<0.01). The 100-grain weight of broad beans was significantly positively correlated with the pod length(P<0.01), and was significantly negatively correlated with the number of pods per plant(P<0.01). Three principal components were established by principal component analysis, and the contribution rate of the first principal component was the highest, which was 40.18%. The contribution rates of the second principal component and the third principal component to the total variance were 24.08% and 13.55%, respectively. The score equations of the principal components were derived. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical reference for the application and promotion of new varieties of autumn broad beans.