Is Peer Victimization Associated with Higher Online Trolling among Adolescents?The Mediation of Hostile Attribution Bias and the Moderation of Trait Mindfulness

Background:In recent years,online trolling has garnered significant attention due to its detrimental effects on mental health and social well-being.The current study examined the influence of peer victimization on adolescent online trolling behavior,proposing that hostile attribution bias mediated this relationship and that trait mindfulness moderated both the direct and indirect effects.Methods:A total of 833 Chinese adolescents completed the measurements of peer victimization,hostile attribution bias,trait mindfulness,and online trolling.Moderated mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between these variables.Results:After controlling for gender and residential address,the study found a significant positive correlation between peer victimization and online trolling,with hostile attribution bias serving as a mediator.In addition,trait mindfulness moderated the direct relationship between peer victimization and online trolling.Specifically,the effect of peer victimization on online trolling was attenuated when adolescents had high levels of trait mindfulness.The results of the study emphasized the joint role of peer and personal factors in adolescents’online trolling behavior and provide certain strategies for intervening in adolescents’online trolling behavior.Conclusion:The results of the study suggest that strategies focusing on peer support and mindfulness training can have a positive impact on reducing online trolling behavior,promoting adolescents’mental health,and their long-term development.

Narratives of Traumatic Memory and Relocation of Victims in The Lotus and the Storm

Since the 1990s,an increasing number of 1.5 generation Vietnamese-American writers who were raised and educated in America have emerged.Their writings have explored the devastating effects of the Vietnam War on immigrants,offering American literature an alternative angle on the conflict.Lan Cao,a Vietnamese-American,is the author of The Lotus and the Storm which set in war-torn Vietnam.The novel’s main characters go through the excruciating anguish of losing families and displacement.Meanwhile,they suffered from everlasting trauma although they immigrated to the United States.This essay examines the novel’s ongoing war trauma and post-war memories,illustrates the post-traumatic syndrome brought on by the Vietnam War in the Vietnamese people as a whole,and investigates how practitioners heal the trauma.

Overview of a Cycle of Predicament： A Comparative Study Between Shylock and Heathcliff Cyclic Process of Victimization

This paper attempts to explore how Shylock in William Shakespeare＇s The Merchant of Venice （1995） and Heathcliff in Emily Bronte＇s Wuthering Heights （2003） were victimized who became victimizer later to heal their wound and compensate their loss and how they were victimized in turn in doing so. Shylock was victimized by the Christian society along with his own. His daughter left him in favor of the Christians. He later became a victimizer but was ironically victimized in turn in wreaking vengeance on his foes in the court. Similarly, Heathcliffs true spiritual love was rejected by His Catherine, neglected by everyone, physically and mentally abused. Later, he wreaked vengeance upon his foes but was victimized to death in turn. Shylock entered the court as a victimizer but left it as a victimized individual just as Heathcliff entered the Heights, after self-imposed exile, as a victimizer and left it as a victimized individual for good. Therefore, both of them experienced a cycle of victimization.

The Relationship between Cyberbullying Victimization and Depression: The Moderating Effects of Gender and Age

Using cross-sectional, self-report data this study investigates the effect of cyberbullying victimization on depression with gender and age as moderating factors. The sample (n = 1400) consisted of students in a large public university in Kuwait. First, the results show that gender was a significant predictor of depression with females being higher than males on this measure. Second, age was a significant negative predictor with older subjects less likely than younger ones to experience depression. Finally, the study examined the interaction effect of gender and age with cyber-victimization. Results indicate that there is no significant interaction effect between gender and cyber-victimization. However, a significant interaction effect exists between age and cyber-victimization. Older subjects are likely to suffer more depression when exposed to cyber-victimization than younger ones.

Struggling in a Chaste Labyrinth:Tess,a Victim in Traditional Moral Concepts

The present article makes comments on the film,Tess and draws the conclusion that the film carved a resourceful heroine and showed the audience a real,alive social world and also let us review our social moral standards through the character,which is a victim of traditional moral concepts.

Beck, a Victim in Victorian Age

With the method of comparative study and text analysis,this paper analyses Becky’s misfortune in the aspect of love,family and friendship,and seeks into roots of her loss in that dark and corruptive society.Besides,in the present day society,people are commonly indulged in material enjoyment,easy to intrigue against others and alienate from friends,family members or even the society.Becky’s bitter experience and failure can be of educational meanings to people today.

Bertha——A Victim to the Patriarchal Social Conventions

Bertha Masan,the obstacle to the marriage between Jane and Rochester,is in fact a victim of the patriarchal society.This paper aims to make a tentative probe into the tragic destiny of Bertha from the perspective of patriarchal conventions.

Impact of t：ybercrime in Japan-Findings of （：ybercrime Victimization Survey

Although the threat of cybercrime is said to expand year by year recently, an actual impact of the threat has not estimated in Japan due to several reasons including inadequate statistics of cybercrime. The purpose of this study is to estimate the volume of cybercrime in Japan and identify its characteristics based on the result of cybercrime victimization survey conducted by the study group for cybercrime of Nihon University （NU） in 2016. The study group obtained a cybercrime victimization rate of 5.36% and concluded that cybercrime victimization in Japan is quite serious comparing with other survey results and crime statistics. Furthermore, the study group explored how to figure out cybercrime victimization more precisely based on characteristics of cybercrime obtained by this survey and proposed a couple of appropriate measures to cope with cybercrime.

Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence:A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM To identify health and psychosocial problems associated with bullying victimization and conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the causal evidence.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using Pub Med, EMBASE, ERIC and Psyc INFO electronic databases up to 28 February 2015. The study included published longitudinal and cross-sectional articles that examined health and psychosocial consequences of bullying victimization. All meta-analyses were based on qualityeffects models. Evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria and the grading system developed by the World Cancer Research Fund.RESULTS Out of 317 articles assessed for eligibility, 165 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for meta-analysis.Statistically significant associations were observed between bullying victimization and a wide range of adverse health and psychosocial problems. The evidence was strongest for causal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, poor general health and suicidal ideation and behaviours. Probable causal associations existed between bullying victimization and tobacco and illicit drug use. CONCLUSION Strong evidence exists for a causal relationship between bullying victimization, mental health problems and substance use. Evidence also exists for associations between bullying victimization and other adverse health and psychosocial problems, however, there is insufficient evidence to conclude causality. The strong evidence that bullying victimization is causative of mental illness highlights the need for schools to implement effective interventions to address bullying behaviours.

Relationships between Weight Status and Bullying Victimization among School-aged Adolescents in Guangdong Province of China

Objective To examine relationships between weight status and different forms of bullying victimization among adolescents aged 11-18 years. Methods The relationships between weight status and bullying victimization （physical, verbal, and relational） were examined utilizing data from the Guangdong Provincial Youth Health Behavior Survey. Data on height, weight, and victimization behaviors were collected by self-reporting from 12 439 subjects, Х^2 test and logistic regression were used to analyze relationships between weight and bullying victimization. Results The incidence of victimization for adolescents aged 11-18 years was 8.6%, with higher rates for boys （12.4%） than for girls （4.7%）. For children with normal, overweight and obese body mass index （BMI）, the incidence rates of victimization were 8,2%, 17.3%, and 11.5%, respectively. Compared to normal weight, overweight was a risk factor for bullying victimization（OR=1.60, 95% CI： 1.18-2.17）, and it also increased children＇s risk of being teased in a hurtful way （OR=2.13, 95% CI： 1.41-3.24） and being made fun of due to physical appearance （OR=3.58, 95% CI： 2.27-5.67）. Obesity only increased the risk for children of being made tim of due to physical appearance （OR=2.45, 95% CI： 1.44-4.15）. Conclusions The victimization for children at school is common in Guangdong province, China. Overweight and obese children are more likely to be victims of bullying behaviors, especially verbal victimization.

Who is at risk in the French mountains? Profiles of the accident victims in outdoor sports and mountain recreation

The risk of both severe and frequent injury associated with active pursuits in mountain areas is acknowledged. This phenomenon is all the most relevant to investigate in France that there is a growing enthusiasm for outdoor sports and recreation. This paper focuses on the social-demographic and sporting profiles of accident victims. Our intent is to better understand who is specifically at risk, while practicing mountain recreation, in the French mountains. Such identification doubtlessly constitutes an important asset in order to enhance prevention. Three critical activities are notably tackled, among some others: hiking, a widespread activity that exposes many practitioners to hazardous settings; mountaineering and ski touring, supposedly entailing the most severe injuries.In order to align the information collected, then provide estimations based on the reasoned crossing of these secondary data, we consulted and summarised all the databases that we knew of on the French territory: rescue team intervention reports, aggregated statistics from the sports ministry, sporting federation accident declarations, avalanche experts statistics, mountain guides union accident/incident reports, healthcare facilities admissions, etc. Only the sources consideredto be the most reliable and representative were used, owing to the number of cases processed, the exhaustive nature of data collection, or the level of information detail available. Our method also included consultation of all the parties playing an active role in prevention, training and mountain rescue, thus ensuring a participative, co-constructive approach to the study with the people that have the best knowledge of victim profiles. Around fifty such parties were interviewed on the methods implemented, the benefits and limits of current data, and the main expectations in terms of accidentology progress, thus further enhancing the credibility of the study proposed in this paper. Our results show that the parent population profiles(in terms of age, gender, place of residence, etc.), weighted by the level of exposure(frequency of participation, level of engagement, etc.) appears to have an impact on the accident victim profiles. There is certainly a very marked gender bias and a serious age impact to be taken into account, as well as the influence of the level of experience, which counter certain preconceived ideas and which, at the very least, go against instinct. However, aside from a probable over-exposure of experienced or expert participants, much remains to be explained concerning the accident mechanisms and circumstances involved. At this stage, we regret the analytic deficiencies induced by a lack ofknowledge concerning the parent populations in many cases, which makes interpretation difficult.

The Champion and The Victim of The “Wild lndulgences” of Life and Nature——Jack London and His Novels′ Creation

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Devil or Victim—An Analysis of the Characterization of Heathcliff in Wuthering Height

The character Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights is a controversial character that has aroused severe debate among critics and readers long since it was published in 1847.He is considered is a cruel devil and his acts in this novel are too far beyond a normal human’s moral acceptance.However,in spit of physical strength and his power of revenge,he is in a way also a victim of love and society.His destiny is doomed since he came into this world as the one who is"The Other"to take the revenge.

Clinical investigation results of cave trapped victims in acute phase after being rescued: Data on case of 2018 cave crisis in Thailand

Dear Editor, Being trapped in difficult situation is considered as an important crisis that requires rescue. The good example is being trapped in cave. In July 2018, there was a worldwide news about 13 persons trapped in the cave in northern region of Thailand. Finally, those persons were able to be successfully rescued by the rescue team after more than 10 days trapped period. The interesting issue is on the clinical management of these persons in acute phase after being rescued. In fact, acute management of those who are rescued from difficult places is an interesting issue in acute disease management. Focusing on the case of being trapped in the cave, there was a similar case of being trapped in underground mine in Chile(1)In the present Thai situation, all victims were immediately sent to hospital for management. All cases recieved primary care and obtained immunization.

Women as Victims of Violence in German Films

This paper focuses on women as victims of violence as shown in films. Seven German films were selected for the analysis, namely Die Fremde （2010） by Feo Aladag, Die Frau des Polizisten （2013） by Philip Groning, Festung （2011） by Kirsi Liimatainen, Reeperbahn （2016） by Timo Rose, Schneeland （2005） by Hans W. GeiBendorfer, Der Brand （2010） by Brigitte Berteleund and L＇amour （2000） by Philip Groning. There were three main research questions： （1） What kinds of violence against women are represented in selected German films; （2） Why do the women in these films become victims of violence; and （3） How do the women in these films find solutions to the problem？ There are four forms of violence in the analyzed films： physical violence, psychological violence, sexual violence, and witnessed violence. Physical violence is found in all the films, however, witnessed violence appears only in two films with young female characters. The other two kinds of violence are also found in most of the films. The reasons why women become victims of violence are weakness, love, poverty and carelessness. All of these factors appear in different types of women. Furthermore, the female characters in the films react differently to violence. Some women flee from their abusers because they fear or cannot fight with them. In other cases, they accept the violence with patience, or they take revenge on their offenders to get justice or stop the violence.

Factors Associated with District Tsunami Victim Rate by Age Class in Ishinomaki City： 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

This paper analyzes the factors associated with the district tsunami victim rate in 2011 by age class/group in Ishinomaki city, Japan. Sea or river visibility and evaluation potential from the temporary facilities to higher hills are factors associated with victim rate in addition to tsunami depth. In addition, victim rate, especially for elder people, is low in the districts that have higher aging rate. The characteristics of these districts are： （1） many people are engaged in fishery related jobs and know each other and （2） higher hills are behind the beach.

The Research On Protecting of Criminal Victims ＇ Rights

In the scales of the human rights protection which is not only meant to protect the basic rights of suspects, but also included the rights of victims, both are very important. However, during the execution process, the criminal legal relations are always simply to be defined as the relationship between the national authorities with the suspects except the victims. The victim＇ s benefits and aspirations are often ignored because they are viewed as a category of witnesses. Therefore, it is against the will of legals,which is better to give the victims the concerned parties to participants the processing, then their rights can be protected and got the coordinating compensation.

Feminism Fighter or Patriarchy Victim——Taking Grass is Singing for Example

The Grass is Singing is a complicated novel including race,gender,and other political issues.As the main character in the novel,Mary is a typical round character who are more realistic and her personalities somewhat inconsistent.A full development and complex traits also make Mary like a real person.From the perspective of feminism,should Mary be viewed as a feminism fighter or a patriarchy victim?The independence and strong-minded in her characteristics showing not only her strength,but also her identity as a colonialist.Mary is merely one of the victims of patriarchal society,for she is coerced by the social prejudice and her personal predicament between Dick and Moses.

Access-to-Credit and the Rate of Victimization in an Entrepreneurial Community

The scope of the paper is to empirically assess whether entrepreneurs experiencing difficulties in access-to-credit are vulnerable to some forms of victimization, especially when this refers to crimes more related to entrepreneurs＇ activity. The basic idea is that those entrepreneurs might be induced to fund themselves into the informal and criminal credit markets or, if informationally captured by a bank, can be exposed to requests from the financial intermediary that might also have a criminal profile. This has been investigated using an original data set with information collected through a victimization survey administered to entrepreneurs in Campania, the largest region in the South of Italy. The estimation results from a logistic equation are consistent with the hypothesis that, in presence of difficulties in accessing credit, the entrepreneur might incur in a higher risk of victimization.

Behind the Mask:a Victim or a Self-interested Criminal

The Duchess of Malfi is one of the greatest tragedies among English renaissance drama. And Bosola is considered to be the most controversial tragic character who on the one hand, is a victim of the corrupted society while on the other, a extremely self- interested criminal. Even Bosola mentions many times his"good nature"and inner confits, he is in many ways"self-victimized" and the trigger of his own tragedy.