The Design and Implementation of Qt-based Cross-platform Video Conferencing Remote Control

In order to overcome the defects of the dedicated video conference remote control, this paper designs and implements a Qt-based cross-platform video conferencing remote control. The remote control not only implements a full range of video conferencing control functions with an easy-to-use visual interface;but also implement cross-platform feature to allow users to use remote control software on their own equipment. It is economic, convenient and stylish for users. This paper mainly describes the design and implementation of remote control system framework and cross-platform features. Finally, the result in the paper shows: This remote control is reliable and easy to use.

Rate Control Algorithm of Wireless Video Based on Visual Saliency Map Model

In order to further improve the efficiency of video compression, we introduce a perceptual characteristics of Human Visual System (HVS) to video coding, and propose a novel video coding rate control algorithm based on human visual saliency model in H.264/AVC. Firstly, we modifie Itti's saliency model. Secondly, target bits of each frame are allocated through the correlation of saliency region between the current and previous frame, and the complexity of each MB is modified through the saliency value and its Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) value. Lastly, the algorithm was implemented in JVT JM12.2. Simulation results show that, comparing with traditional rate control algorithm, the proposed one can reduce the coding bit rate and improve the reconstructed video subjective quality, especially for visual saliency region. It is very suitable for wireless video transmission.

Variable Bit Rate Fuzzy Control for Low Delay Video Coding

Rate control plays a critical role in achieving perceivable video quality under a variable bit rate,limited buffer sizes and low delay applications.Since a rate control system exhibits non-linear and unpredictable characteristics,it is difficult to establish a very accurate rate-distortion(R-D)model and acquire effective rate control performance.Considering the excellent control ability and low computing complexity of the fuzzy logic in non-linear systems,this paper proposes a bitrate control algorithm based on a fuzzy controller,named the Fuzzy Rate Control Algorithm(FRCA),for All-Intra(AI)and low-delay(LD)video source coding.Contributions of the proposed FRCA mainly consist of four aspects.First,fuzzy logic is adopted to minimize the deviation between the actual and the target buffer size in the hypothetical reference decoder(HRD).Second,a fast lookup table is employed in fuzzy rate control,which reduces computing cost of the control process.Third,an input domain determination scheme is proposed to improve the precision of the fuzzy controller.Fourth,a novel scene change detection is introduced and integrated in the FRCA to adaptively adjust the Group-of-Pictures(GOP)length when the source content fluctuates.The FRCA can be transplanted and implemented in various industry coders.Extensive experiments show that the FRCA has accurate variable bit-rate control ability and maintains a steady buffer size during the encoding processes.Compared with the default configuration encoding under AI and LD,the proposed FRCA can achieve the target bit rates more accurately in various classical encoders.

Streaming and congestion control using scalable video coding based on H.264/AVC

This paper presents a streaming system using scalable video coding based on H.264/AVC. The system provides a congestion control algorithm supported by channel bandwidth estimation of the client. It uses retransmission only for packets of the base layer to disburden the congested network. The bandwidth estimation allows for adjusting the transmission rate quickly to the current available bandwidth of the network. Compared to binomial congestion control, the proposed system allows for shorter start-up times and data rate adaptation. The paper describes the components of this streaming system and the results of experiments showing that the proposed approach works effectively for streaming video.

Optimal source rate control for adapting VBR video over CBR channels

In this paper we discuss the source rate control problem of adapting variable bit-rate （VBR） compressed video over constant bit-rate （CBR） channels. Firstly we formulate it as an optimal control problem of a discrete linear system with state and control constraints. Then we apply the discrete maximum principle to get the optimal solution. Experimental results are given in the end. Compared with traditional algorithms, the proposed algorithm is suitable for the coder with continuous output rates, and can achieve the better solution. Our algorithm can be used in both off-line and on-line coding.

VBR WAVELET VIDEO CODING AND ITS RATE CONTROL IN ATM NETWORKS

This paper presents a new video coding system based on wavelet transform and its rate control scheme over ATM networks. First, three dimensional wavelet transform is performed for the original image sequence, and an extension of set partitioning in hierarchical trees algorithm is employed to quantize the wavelet coefficients. Then, the output rate of the coder is controlled at group of frame scale, ensuring that it conforms to the parameters of a leaky bucket controller. Several leaky buckets with different sizes are discussed too. Simulation shows the efficiency of this codec and the effectiveness of the proposed rate control scheme.

Efficient Rate Control Algorithm for Hierarchical Video Coding

For rate control (RC) of hierarchical structure coding, an independent rate-quantization (R-Q) model was proposed based on mean absolute differences (MADs) in different temporal levels (TLs). In the proposed R-Q model, a novel MAD model was developed according to the hierarchical structure. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides better performance, in terms of average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and quality smoothness, than the H.264 reference model, JM14.2, under various sequences.

PID-Based Bit Allocation Strategy for Asymmetric Stereoscopic Video Coding with Fuzzy Quality Controller

Asymmetric stereoscopic video coding can take advantage of binocular suppression in human vision by representing one of the two views in lower quality.This paper proposes a bit allocation strategy for asymmetric stereoscopic video coding.In order to improve the accuracy of bit allocation and rate control in the left view,a proportionalintegral-derivative controller is adopted.Meanwhile,to control the quality fluctuation between consecutive frames of the left view,a quality controller is adopted.Besides,a fuzzy controller is proposed to control the variation in quality between the left and right views by comparing the PSNR disparity of two views with a fixed threshold,which is used to quantize the binocular psycho-visual redundancy and adjust the quantization parameter (QP) of the right view correspondingly.The proposed algorithm has been implemented in H.264/AVC video codec,and the experimental results show its effectiveness in rate control while keeping a good quality for the left view,and fewer bits are allocated for the right view so that the overall bit rate is saved by 7.2% at most without the loss of subjective visual quality for stereoscopic video.

分数阶忆阻Henon映射的可控多稳定性及其视频加密应用

基于局部有源离散忆阻器构建一种能够产生任意数量共存吸引子的分数阶忆阻Henon映射.该映射的不动点数量由忆阻器内部参数控制,实现可控的同质多稳定性,适合基于混沌的工程应用.通过相图、分岔图、最大Lyapunov指数和吸引盆等方法揭示该映射的复杂动力学行为.数值模拟结果表明,该分数阶映射能够产生各种周期轨道、混沌吸引子和倍周期分岔等现象.随后使用ARM数字平台实现该系统,实验结果验证其物理可实现性.最后,基于该映射设计一种视频加密算法,并通过安全性分析验证该加密算法能够有效保证视频的安全传输.

面向智能视频监控的空中交通管制员图像分割

为解决复杂场景下空中交通管制员检测与分割精度低、鲁棒性差的问题,提出一种基于掩码区域卷积神经网络(Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks, Mask R-CNN)的管制员图像分割模型ATC Mask R-CNN(ATC Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks)。首先,构建管制员监控图像数据集(ATC Monitor Image Dataset, AMID)并用于模型训练、测试;其次,在主干网络中引入瓶颈注意力模块(Bottleneck Attention Module, BAM)以增强管制员特征提取,采取改进的柔性非极大值抑制算法(Soft Non-maximum Suppression, Soft-NMS)替代NMS算法进行候选框选取,提高对遮挡目标的检测分割;最后,基于AMID进行管制员图像分割试验。结果显示:ATC Mask R-CNN的精确率、召回率和平均精度分别为96.49%、95.62%和88.84%,表明了该方法的有效性。与Mask R-CNN相比,ATC Mask R-CNN有效降低了复杂场景的不利影响,更适用于管制员工作场景,可以为管制大厅安全管理自动化应用提供技术支撑。

内河航道视频监控系统设计

作为重要的水路运输通道,内河航道对于航运管理的安全监控至关重要。保障航道的安全监控对于确保水域船舶航行的安全性、预防船舶污染、提升海事管理和应急搜救能力具有重要意义。文章将借助LiveMedia平台接口对内河航道视频监控系统进行优化设计,旨在提高海事管理水平和执法准确性,使航道管理更加科学和高效。通过这种优化设计,系统将更好地服务于航道安全管理以应对复杂多变的航运环境,为提升水域管理水平和保障船舶安全航行提供技术支持与有效手段。

Hardware Implementation and System Control Strategy of Videoconference System Based on Rec. H. 261

The design and realization of a videoconference system based on international recommendation are introduced in this paper, and the hardware implementation of video codec based on ITU-T H. 261 is briefly discussed. Furthermore, the buffer control method and the adaptive control strategy for quantization are proposed, which are adaptive and robust. This system can be operated under the transmission rate ranging from 128kb/s to 2Mb/s. With these strategies for the videoconference system, the high quality image is obtained. The time delay of the system is about half a second.

A Video Game Based on Optimal Control and Elementary Statistics

The video game presented in this paper is a prey-predator game where two preys (human players) must avoid three predators (automated players) and must reach a location in the game field (the computer screen) called preys’ home. The game is a sequence of matches and the human players (preys) must cooperate in order to achieve the best perform- ance against their opponents (predators). The goal of the predators is to capture the preys, which are the predators try to have a “rendez vous” with the preys, using a small amount of the “resources” available to them. The score of the game is assigned following a set of rules to the prey team, not to the individual prey. In some situations the rules imply that to achieve the best score it is convenient for the prey team to sacrifice one of his components. The video game pursues two main purposes. The first one is to show how the closed loop solution of an optimal control problem and elementary sta- tistics can be used to generate (game) actors whose movements satisfy the laws of classical mechanics and whose be- haviour simulates a simple form of intelligence. The second one is “educational”, in fact the human players in order to be successful in the game must understand the restrictions to their movements posed by the laws of classical mechanics and must cooperate between themselves. The video game has been developed having in mind as players for children aged between five and thirteen years. These children playing the video game acquire an intuitive understanding of the basic laws of classical mechanics (Newton’s dynamical principle) and enjoy cooperating with their teammate. The video game has been experimented on a sample of a few dozen children. The children aged between five and eight years find the game amusing and after playing a few matches develop an intuitive understanding of the laws of classical me- chanics. They are able to cooperate in making fruitful decisions based on the positions of the preys (themselves), of the predators (their opponents) and on the physical limitations to the movements of the game actors. The interest in the game decreases when the age of the players increases. The game is too simple to interest a teenager. The game engine consists in the solution of an assignment problem, in the closed loop solution of an optimal control problem and in the adaptive choice of some parameters. At the beginning of each match, and when necessary during a match, an assign- ment problem is solved, that is the game engine chooses how to assign to the predators the preys to chase. The resulting assignment implies some cooperation among the predators and defines the optimal control problem used to compute the strategies of the predators during the match that follows. These strategies are determined as the closed loop solution of the optimal control problem considered and can be thought as a (first) form of artificial intelligence (AI) of the preda- tors. In the optimal control problem the preys and the predators are represented as point masses moving according to Newton’s dynamical principle under the action of friction forces and of active forces. The equations of motion of these point masses are the constraints of the control problem and are expressed through differential equations. The formula- tion of the decision process through optimal control and Newton’s dynamical principle allows us to develop a game where the effectiveness and the goals of the automated players can be changed during the game in an intuitive way sim- ply modifying the values of some parameters (i.e. mass, friction coefficient, ...). In a sequence of game matches the predators (automated players) have “personalities” that try to simulate human behaviour. The predator personalities are determined making an elementary statistical analysis of the points scored by the preys in the game matches played and consist in the adaptive choice of the value of a parameter (the mass) that appears in the differential equations that define the movements of the predators. The values taken by this parameter determine the behaviour of the predators and their effectiveness in chasing the preys. The predators personalities are a (second) form of AI based on elementary statistics that goes beyond the intelligence used to chase the preys in a match. In a sequence of matches the predators using this second form of AI adapt their behaviour to the preys’ behaviour. The video game can be downloaded from the website: http://www.ceri.uniroma1.it/ceri/zirilli/w10/.

基于电力载波与云计算的视频监控系统设计

针对目前视频监控系统不断升级改造存在的布线工作量大、布线成本高、无法存储及计算海量视频文件的问题,该文提出基于电力载波技术和云计算框架的视频监控系统。视频数据经过调制解调、振荡、放大、耦合等过程,利用电力线网络传输到各分控点,通过互联网传送到云端,利用云端强大的存储、计算能对视频数据进行各种处理。设计中硬件部分的ARM11微处理器主要负责视频数据的采集、编码并封包传送到PLC调制解调模块,完成数据收发控制和系统任务调度。软件部分主要包括开发系统搭建、USB摄像头驱动、视频数据采集、LCD实时显示、网络传输和双核数据处理等。该文的设计充分结合电力载波和云计算的特点,在视频监控领域中具有较高的应用价值。

Optimal Rate Control for Transporting VBR Video over QoS-assured Channels

In this paper we discuss how to select appropriate source and channel rate for transporting variable bit-rate (VBR) compressed video over QoS (quality of service)-assured channels. We first formulate it as an optimal control problem of discrete linear time-delay system. Then the discrete maximum principle is used to get the optimal control. Compared to traditional solutions, the proposed algorithm is designed for the coder with continuous output rate, and can work without special requirements for the encoder and decoder buffer sizes. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has lower space and time complexity. Our solution can be used in both off-line and on-line coding.

一种广角相机视频小卫星姿态跟踪方法

针对传统目标跟踪方法需要目标的先验位置信息、不适用于非合作目标跟踪的问题,提出了一种基于广角相机图像误差的视频小卫星目标跟踪方法。该方法首先建立了广角相机成像模型,然后计算目标在相机图像平面中的投影位置和期望位置之差,通过图像误差确定目标与视频小卫星的相对误差角速度和姿态误差,将其作为反馈项设计非线性控制器,最后利用Barbalat引理证明了系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,在广角相机大范围视场下,该方法可以有效地将目标控制到图像平面中期望的位置,并且利用天拓二号卫星在轨验证了该方法的有效性。

基于实时视频的工业园区出入控制系统

近年来越来越多的产业园部署了现代化监控系统,防止不具有作业资格的人员或未佩戴防护用具的人员进入作业区域,避免生产事故的发生。利用传统的视频监控进行园区出入控制的防控方法存在一定缺陷,需耗费大量的人力进行检查,且无法及时对事故发生进行预警。基于此,研究基于实时视频分析的工业园区作业区域出入控制系统。采用深度学习的算法,对监控摄像头捕获的图片进行分析,对出入人员进行身份核验,并检查其是否正确佩戴防护用具。实验结果表明,该系统可有效进行人员出入控制,提高作业安全性,降低事故发生率,具有一定可扩展性。

面向铁路5G-R宽带集群通信的视频传输控制方法

视频业务是5G-R宽带集群通信的典型新增业务,视频传输控制方法直接影响该业务的运用效果和效率。由于标准3GPP MCVideo的视频传输控制方法并不完全适用于铁路集群通信场景,结合铁路应用需求和MCVideo标准,提出一种适用于铁路集群通信的视频传输控制模型和方法。首先,按照业务与移动通信网络解耦、信令与数据分离、利于功能扩展的原则,设计提出5G-R宽带集群通信MCVideo系统架构。其次,根据5G-R宽带集群通信视频业务需求和MCVideo标准,抽象建立视频传输控制模型,并探讨模型控制流程和性能评估。然后,针对模型在5G-R下应用时的重点问题,通过用户视频传输权限策略、多路视频接收处理策略、多系统视频传输控制、用户身份标识等,给出铁路特色的视频传输控制关键方法。最后,在5G-R实验室条件下搭建全实物平台和设备进行试验验证。研究结果表明:相比于B-TrunC同源视频组呼、会议视频控制、标准3GPP MCVideo等方法,该模型方法在满足铁路运用需求方面具有显著优势。通过全实物平台验证了所提方法的可行性,能够实现铁路集群调度视频传输控制。在性能方面,所提视频传输控制方法在95%情况下时延为65 ms左右。该方法可在合理使用网络带宽的情况下,实现紧密结合铁路需求、更灵活的视频传输控制,极大地满足了铁路集群和调度通信应用要求,提高了指挥和通信效率。

短视频使用控制失败量表的编制及信效度检验

编制适用于中国文化背景下的青少年短视频使用控制失败量表,并检验其信效度。结果显示:正式问卷为单因素,共6个项目,内部一致性系数为0.912,项目负荷在0.623~0.895之间,方差贡献率为58.047%;验证性因素分析显示,单因子模型拟合良好,χ^(2)/df=1.94,RMSEA=0.055,CFI=0.993,TLI=0.988,SRMR=0.017;问卷分半信度为0.965,30 d后重测信度为0.911。结论:研究编制的青少年短视频使用控制失败量表具有较好的心理测量学指标,可以用于中国青少年中短视频使用控制失败的研究。