Exploring the Views of Parents of Children Following Telephone Advice from Nurses Working in a GP Out-of-Hours in Ireland

This paper focuses on parents’ use and experiences of general practitioner (GP) out-of-hours (OOHs) services in Ireland. The progress in the establishment of GP OOHs services is considered by the Health Service Executive (HSE) to be a highly significant quality initiative for patient care, and the health service as a whole. Outside of normal GP surgery hours, parents of children can call a dedicated telephone number, to have their urgent health concerns assessed and to be advised about the appropriate level of care. Experienced nurses, who are often based in a GP OOHs centre, assess the call over the telephone and provide advice to the callers. The spur for conducting this study arose from my personal and professional experience which, I believe, underscores the need for exploring and understanding parents’ views of GP OOHs services, in order to bring about change in nurses’ practice of delivering advice over the telephone. The overall aim of the study is to explore and understand the views of parents of children, aged two years and under, following telephone advice received from nurses in the context of a GP out-of-hours service. A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive design was used to examine the views and experiences of parents of children aged two years and under, who used a GP out-of-hours service provider in Ireland. Nine parents who had received phone advice from a nurse were purposively sampled to take part in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews by telephone. Data were transcribed and analysed thematically. Themes included parents’ perceptions of illness in children with the need to be heard, parents’ views about accessibility to GP OOHs, parents’ expectations that the service would offer guidance and reassurance, parents’ satisfaction with the nurse’s advice, and parents’ experiences of hospital emergency departments (EDs). Suggestions for improving the GP OOHs service were made across these themes. The suggestions include: higher staffing levels, wanting a quicker call back, preference for face-to-face assessment over telephone advice and a preference for a children’s area in the GP OOHs. The study revealed that parents are satisfied with the GP OOHs service and the parental decision-making model has the potential to provide an opportunity to continue the progress of the establishment of GP OOHs services in Ireland.

Analysis and Commentary on Mao Zedong’s Views on Women’s Liberation in His Early Manuscripts

The Mao Zedong Zao Qi Wen Gao[Early Manuscripts of Mao Zedong]is a collection of young Mao Zedong’s manuscripts from 1912 to 1920 and is a record of his growth during his youth.It is worth mentioning that the views of women’s liberation and progress have a place in Mao Zedong’s early manuscripts.This study focuses on reviewing and discussing the motivation behind young Mao Zedong’s attention to women’s liberation and progress issues,his relevant views in these manuscripts,and how these views played a role in his growth into a Marxist.This study aims to explore,from the perspective of women’s studies,the thought basis and virtues that led young Mao Zedong to become a Marxist.

Practical Experience of Establishing German Standard Level 1 Perinatal Center in Chongqing Health Care for Women and Children

Germany,as a western developed country,has an advanced medical level,especially in the health care of very immature premature infants.We trace the medical history of perinatology to understand the development of perinatal centers in Germany.After analyzing the classification and function,hierarchical management and quality control systems of German perinatal centers,we established a German standard level 1 perinatal center in the Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children(CHCWC).During more than two years of practice,we changed concepts,continuously updated clinical knowledge and skills,developed a series o f high-quality work processes and supervision systems and introduced advanced medical equipment.We believe that the experience of establishing a German standard level 1 perinatal center and perinatal center network in Chongqing is worthy of being promoted to the Chinese maternal and child health care system.

Blockchain: an accelerator for women and children's health?

The world is changing exponentially-never before in the history of human kind have we experienced such change.There is an unprecedented opportunity to connect creatively disruptive innovations to transform the world for the better.One such creative disruption is blockchain technology.Blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger,which is immutable and unhackable.In August 2016,the World Economic Forum released a report calling blockchain technology a 'mega-trend' that will shape society in the next decade,predicting that blockchains could store as much as 10% of global GDP by 2027 [1].

PM₁₀Emissions from Cooking Fuels in Nigerian Households and Their Impact on Women and Children

A study was carried out on the type of fuels being used by households in Ibadan, a highly populated city in south-west Nigeria. Ekotedo, Agbeni, Bodija and Agbowo communities were selected through stratified random sampling, keeping in view of their socioeconomic background and population density. The study monitored 186 households for the type of fuel used for cooking and measured PM10 and the lung function of the respondents. The study population involved 130 women and 130 children. In addition, a community nurse carried out a physical and clinical examination of both the mothers and the children for respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms. The results showed that 37.7% used firewood, 33.1% used kerosene, 17.7% used charcoal and 11.5% used liquefied natural gas. Firewood use followed by charcoal emitted high PM10 at a level of 1640 μg/m3 and 1159 μg/m3, respectively. Charcoal users showed the lowest lung function values and gas users the highest value. A majority (78.5%) of the respondents complained of having cough during and after cooking. Some of them reported breathing problems, eyes and skin irritations. It is recommended that the communities be advised to switch over from the use of biomass fuels to natural gas so as to sustained the natural resources and again, reduced the health impacts of these cooking fuels on the population.

An Analysis of Children's Educational View of Charles Dickens in Oliver Twist

Charles Dickens—the greatest representative of English critical realism writer in the 19th century.The age when he lived and his own experience contributed to his more attention to the low-class people of the society and children's education.His first work of critical realism Oliver Twist is also not exceptional which shows attention of the children's education,compassion and concerning about children's growth in the novel.The author argues from the view of pedagogy to analyze the causes of the tragic fate of five secondary typical characters(Monks,Dick,Noah,Dodger and Charley)to reveal children's educational view of Charles Dickens—the harmony of family relationships,the humanization of school system and the fraternity of social system in Oliver Twist.At the same time,the author would study that children educational view of Charles Dickens's influence on the children's education in our country,especially for the education of delinquent children in modern society.

Women & Children:Special Protection

The Chinese government issued the Program of Women’s Development (2001-2010) and the Program of Children’s Development (2001-2010) in May 2001. The women’s development program makes equality between men and women a basic state policy for promoting social development and identifies six priority areas, namely, women and economy, women’s participation in policy decision making

On the Criminal Responsibility of Buying Abducted Women or Children: The Human Dignity Perspective

Buying and selling abducted women or children are symmetrical crimes, but the “the same punishment for the same crime” is not applied. The focus of the criminal punishment for buying abducted women or children is not about increasing the statutory sentence, but strengthening judicial and law enforcement, to increase the prosecution rate and impose combined punishment for several crimes including the buying of abducted women or children and other subsequent crimes, so as to demonstrate the inevitability of criminal punishment. Human dignity is the core legal interest violated by the crime of buying abducted women or children. The specific legal interest is that humans are not for sale, which should be valued and protected independently in criminal law. This crime is a type of behavioral offense rather than a crime of circumstances. Under normal circumstances,neither the consent of the victim nor the goodwill of the purchaser excludes conviction of the crime. Compared with the crime of abducting and trafficking women or children, buying abducted women or children is not necessarily a serious crime, and the basic statutory punishment of less than three years is reasonable. However, it is possible to appropriately raise the sentence to less than five years in legislation.Where subsequent behaviors do not constitute a crime, they can be used as aggravating circumstances for the crime, and an aggravated statutory sentence can be configured to connect with the statutory punishments for the crime of abducting and trafficking women or children.

Broad-based Network for Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women and Children——A story about the Women's Federation of Qinhuangdao City

The room is in utter chaos, with chairs piling up in a comer and the cable TV not connected to the power source. But one thing is put in place： a slogan on the wall ＂Creating an outstanding WFQ team for the benefit of all women and children.＂

Creating a Bright Future for Women and Children

ＣｒｅａｔｉｎｇａＢｒｉｇｈｔＦｕｔｕｒｅｆｏｒＷｏｍｅｎａｎｄＣｈｉｌｄｒｅｎＨｅａｌｔｈｃａｒｅａｎｄｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｇｏｈａｎｄｉｎｈａｎｄａｔａｐｉｏｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｈｏｓｐｉｔａｌ．ＢｙＺＨＡＮＧＸＵＥＹＩＮＧ＆ＳＨＥＮＨＡＩＰＩＮＧＩＮＳ...

A Survey on Children’s TV Viewing Habit

We made a survey on children’s TV viewing habit last week.The result shows that 70%of the students watch TV for more than three hours every week.And 10%of the students watch TV for less than two hours every week.80%of the students watch TV at weekends only and 20%of the students watch TV every day.

Effect of Television Viewing on Pediatric Obesity

Objective To test the effect of television viewing on pediatric obesity in urban China. Methods Stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used for subjects selection. Nine thousand three hundred and fifty-six children, as well as their parents, were investigated. Questionnaire survey was used for data collection. Children's weights and heights were measured in the clinic of the investigated kindergartens or schools by trained investigators following the standardized procedure. Results The percentages of children and adolescents who watched television less than 1 h, 1-2 h, 2-3 h and more than 3 h daily were 32.5%, 46.0%, 15.4% and 6.1%, respectively, while the prevalence of obesity was 10.9%, 11.8%, 13.2% and 15.1%, respectively. Each hourly increment of television viewing was associated with 1 %-2% increase in the prevalence of obesity. Conclusions Time spent watching television is directly related to an increase risk of obesity, television viewing time is an independent factor for pediatric obesity.

Health Promotion Model: An Integrative Literature Review

Background: The Health Promotion Model (HPM) indicates that each person is a biopsychosocial creature that is partially shaped by the environment, but also seeks to create an environment in which inherent and acquired human potential can be fully expressed. The HPM is proposed as a holistic predictive model of health-promoting behavior for use in research and practice. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to examine how the HPM has been applied in various research studies. Methods: An integrative review was used to find studies that were guided by the HPM. Data search was between 2008 to 2018 using Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO, Cochrane, ERIC, Joanna Briggs Institute and EBSCO host. The keywords used were Pender’s and Health Promotion Model. Results: Seventeen studies were reviewed;most of them were quantitative studies. These studies discussed variables from the HPM. Most of the study variables were measured using instruments derived from the HPM. The results of the reviewed studies revealed that the HPM had predictive value in estimating health-promoting behaviors. Conclusion: The HPM was widely established in the nursing community and was implemented in nursing practice, education, and research. In addition, the HPM constructs were used to hypothesize conceptual frameworks in many studies to predict health-promoting behaviors in many chronic diseases.

Integrative medicine:the guide line in women's reproductive health and the treatment of gynecological disease

Integrative medicine follows the principles in TCM that nature and human beings being correspondent with its holistic and dialectic views and explores the integrating point with theories and scientific data in modern medicine. During study on 16 gynecological diseases, the deficiency. In patients with pubertal uterine bleeding, ovulation is induced by acupuncture via decrease in central β-endorphin (β-EP) levels, which leads to the cure of anorexia nervosa by acupuncture via decrease in serum cortisol levels in early 1980s. These results in TCM lead to the idea that neuro-endocrine system is directly related to metabolic system which is also proved to be true in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with or without hyperinsulinemia by two formulas (Yu's Tonifying Ricipe and Tian Gui Recipe,TGR) respectively according to differential diagnosis in TCM. Ovulation resulted with decrease in obesity, acanthosis nigricans, serum androgen, insulin, leptin and hyperthalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomalanocortin (POMC) levels based on scientific data from both patients and an animal modal. It suggests that metabolic network, and the incidence of obesity, hypertension, diabetes and cancers of the endometrium and breast may be reduced among patients with PCOS in their future life while these recipes being taken long period. For perimenopausal syndrome, formula Geng Nian Chun (GNC)without increase in serum estrogen levels. In aging rats, it was found that GNC increased the ER and ERmRNA expressions in the ovarian axis and the spleen accompanying with increase in central β-EP, serotonin (5-HT) and peripheral interlutin-2 (IL-2) levels in aging rats without changes of estrogen levels. These data may refer to the release of symptoms in women with postmenopausal syndome. It suggests that GNC up-regulates the fading of neuro-endocrine-immune network. Prevention, alleviation of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer disease may be expected in aging women with long period taking GNC.

Family and women decide child nutrition—The role of human development, capabilities and lifestyles

In this article, capacities and freedom approach, as well as lifestyles are explored taking into account child nutrition, and other relevant dimensions of human life more than just economic and other elementary resources, and also social, cultural, psychological, values and freedom dimensions. Nourishment, health and survival are considered some of the elementary capabilities, and the concept of malnutrition, including under and over-nutrition, is discussed, based upon the comparison of data on food production and distribution from the macro level context, as well as from the family and individual levels included anthropometrical measurements. The advantages and limits of different kinds of measurements are discussed, suggesting more complex approaches, based also upon family and gender equality. The double burden of malnutrition, under and over-nourishment of children is highlighted as a public health issue to be resolved by adequate policies and considering the role of female empowerment, nutrition-knowledge and education as relevant keys to achieve equality in family food and resource distribution, healthy lifestyles and human development.

Family-Society: The Dual Identity of Chinese Women

The analysis of the historical and theoretical origins of the dual identity of Chinese women based on the Marxist view of family-society enables a more scientific and reasonable explanation to the unity of history and logic of Chinese women’s dual identity.Under the guidance of the Marxist concept of family-society,Chinese women will achieve development in both family space and social space;meanwhile,Chinese women in the dual identity development carry the home-state emotion different from that of western women’s;cultivating women’s awareness of family identity is of great significance to the construction of family style or national style in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

文明发展视野中的女性教育

从终身教育的视角,女性一生可划分为五个阶段:女婴、女童、女生、母亲、祖母。女性在教育中的地位包括自身所受的教育和对后代的教育,这两方面是不可分割的。探究女性从出生到晚年每阶段“生命周期的健康密码”,能更深刻地认识女性教育与文明发展的关系。东西方女性观的差异,产生了不同的教育体系、社会价值判断和审美导向。女性在哲学殿堂中的地位是妇女解放的学术尺度,也是哲学繁荣解放的天然尺度。21世纪的女性研究和妇女解放运动,应该在多元文化对话中创造和谐发展的女性新世界、人类新文明。

新时代农村女性性行为观变迁及教育研究——基于四川省396份问卷的调查分析

新时代农村女性的性行为观变迁是农村乃至整个社会发展的必然结果,她们的性行为观呈现出对婚前性行为和未婚同居的态度越来越宽容、对婚外性行为和嫖妓的看法更加注重道德内涵、对同性恋的认同度越来越高、对离婚再婚态度更加注重个人情感满足、对“性”“性满足”的态度更加积极的趋势,但也存在对性知识的了解程度总体偏低、性观念与现实行为的脱节、难以应对婚恋生活中的种种不幸、对性行为缺乏理性思考等问题,这需要建立系统的农村性教育体系、加大法规的宣传教育力度、健全农村基层管理体系、加强家庭传统美德教育、推进农村文化建设,从而推动农村社会乃至整个社会的进一步发展.

跨越式发展背景下重庆某妇幼专科医院护士培训需求现状

目的了解跨越式发展背景下妇幼专科医院护士培训需求现状,为系统开展护士培训、推动妇幼专科医院护理教育发展提供依据。方法2022年5—6月,自制问卷调查表对某三级妇幼专科医院的218名护士的培训需求进行问卷调查,包含临床护理、医学人文、伦理法律、院感防控、人际效能、护理教学、护理科研、护理管理等8个维度。结果护士培训需求总分100(88,110)分,不同层级护士的培训需求差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);有职务护士对护理教学的培训需求更高,产科护士更迫切想得到伦理法律、人际效能、护理教学等方面的培训,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论跨越式发展背景下的妇幼专科医院护士的培训需求强烈,但不同层级护士间的培训需求趋于一致。护理管理者应紧扣时代脉动,结合阶段现状,规范建立与妇幼专科医院发展相适用、与需要相匹配的岗位管理和培训模式,促进护士队伍梯队化建设。

从“弱者”走向主体——我国儿童福利制度中的儿童形象及其嬗变

儿童福利制度的变迁直接影响儿童的福利处境。新时代,我国儿童福利逐渐走向普惠和高质量发展的道路。以福利制度中的儿童形象为参照,我国的儿童福利制度逐渐从“无”儿童、救济为主,逐步发展到“救济—发展”共有,直至以发展为主。表现在儿童的价值逐渐从工具性走向本体性,儿童从福利对象走向福利的主体,从消极、等待的被救者走向积极、能动的自救者,儿童-成人的关系从二元对立走向互动的共谋福利者。这是儿童逐渐从“弱者”走向主体存在的发展历程,是对儿童力量的逐步确认与保障,也是儿童认识上的巨大发展和进步。