Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Endostar combined with vinorelbine and cisplatin in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of rh-endostain(YH-16,Endostar)combined with vinorelbine and cisplatin(NP regimen)in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical drug use.Methods:Retrieved from PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,Clinical Trials,CNKI,VIP and Wan Fang database,randomized controlled trials(RCT)about YH-16 combined with NP regimen(NPY regimen,trial group)vs.NP regimen(control group)for NSCLC were collected.After screening the literature and extracting the data,the two persons evaluated the quality of the included studies,and used Rev Man 5.3 software to merge effect size.Results:A total of 18 articles were included,with a total of 2051 patients.Results of Meta-analysis showed that response rate[RR=1.66,95%CI(1.44,1.91),P<0.00001]、clinical benefit rate[RR=1.21,95%CI(1.14,1.29),P<0.00001]and quality of life improvement rate[RR=3.42,95%CI(2.45,4.79),P<0.00001]of trial group were significantly higher than those of control group.Besides,the serum CEA level[MD=-4.78,95%CI(-7.11,-2.46),P<0.0001]and CA125 level[MD=-16.44,95%CI(-20.83,-12.05),P<0.00001]of trial group were significantly lower than that of control group.There was no statistical significance in the 1-year survival rate and the incidence of myelosuppression,cardiotoxicity,gastrointestinal reaction,damage to the kidneys and liver,and alopecia(P>0.05).Conclusion:Compared with NP regimen alone,NPY regimen can improve the efficacy and quality of life of NSCLC patients,reduce the level of tumor markers,and does not increase the occurrence of adverse reactions,and has good efficacy and safety.However,the existing evidence shows that NPY regimen has the same effect as NP regimen alone in improving the 1-year survival rate of patients.The above conclusions need to be confirmed by further studies.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

3种化疗方案用于小细胞食管癌的疗效和安全性比较

目的:比较不同化疗方案用于小细胞食管癌的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析58例小细胞食管癌患者资料,按化疗方案的不同分为A组(18例)、B组(26例)和C组(14例)。A组患者静脉滴注顺铂注射液75 mg/m^2,d_(1-3)+紫杉醇注射液175 mg/m^2,d_(1-3)。B组患者静脉滴注顺铂注射液30 mg/m^2,d_(1-3)+依托泊苷注射液100 mg/m^2,d_(1-3)。C组患者静脉滴注酒石酸长春瑞滨注射液25mg/m^2,d_(1-3)+注射用盐酸吉西他滨1 000 mg/m^2,d_(1-3)。3组均以21 d为1个周期,共治疗2个周期。比较3组患者的临床疗效及1、2、3年生存率及Ⅲ~Ⅳ度毒性反应(咳嗽、高热、咳痰、气促、乏力、胸痛、骨髓抑制、消化道反应)发生情况。结果:总有效率及1、2、3年生存率C组>B组>A组,Ⅲ~Ⅳ度咳嗽、高热、咳痰、气促、乏力、胸痛发生率C组<B组<A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组患者Ⅲ~Ⅳ度骨髓抑制、消化道反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:长春瑞滨联合吉西他滨治疗小细胞食管癌疗效及1、2、3年生存率均显著高于顺铂联合紫杉醇或依托泊苷,且安全性优于顺铂联合紫杉醇或依托泊苷。

不同顺铂给药方案联合长春瑞滨治疗非小细胞肺癌

目的探讨不同顺铂给药方案联合长春瑞滨治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和不良反应。方法143例患者分为顺铂小剂量连续给药组(45例,顺铂15mg/m2,第1～5天)、中剂量连续给药组(44例,顺铂25mg/m2,第1～3天)、大剂量一次给药组(54例,顺铂80mg/m2,第1天);3组均联合长春瑞滨25mg/m2,第1、8天。4周为1周期,2周期后评价患者疗效、不良反应、疲劳状况和化疗前后尿微量蛋白的变化。结果可评价病例129例,小、中、大剂量组的近期有效率分别为31.1%、31.8%、37.5%,疗效差异无显著性(P>0.05)。大剂量组的恶心、呕吐,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级骨髓抑制的发生率均明显高于中、小剂量组。大剂量组患者化疗后疲劳评分较化疗前明显升高;尿白蛋白、免疫球蛋白G、β2微球蛋白水平也较化疗前均明显增高,中、小剂量组仅β2微球蛋白水平较化疗前有所增高。结论小剂量顺铂连续给药联合长春瑞滨治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效肯定,耐受性更好。

GP对比NP方案治疗复发转移性乳腺癌的系统评价

目的系统评价吉西他滨联合顺铂化疗方案(GP)对比长春瑞滨联合顺铂方案(NP)治疗复发转移性乳腺癌的有效性与安全性,并且对此系统评价进行证据分级。方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、CochraneLibrary、中国生物医学文献数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、中华医学会数字化期刊和其他网站(www.asco.org,www.esmo.org及www.google),纳入GP对比NP方案治疗复发转移性乳腺癌的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时间截至2012年07月。采用Cochrane系统评价员手册质量评价标准评价纳入研究质量,用RevMan5.1.6软件进行Meta分析,采用GRADE pro3.6软件进行证据分级。结果 共纳入10个研究,各试验间基线均可比。Meta分析结果显示,GP对比NP方案在治疗复发转移性乳腺癌中,完全缓解(CR)、部分缓解(PR)及稳定(SD)方面,两组治疗效果无明显差异,但在不良反应中,GP组的白细胞减少及静脉炎发生少于NP组。结论当前研究显示,GP与NP方案对于复发转移性乳腺癌的治疗效果相当,但GP方案与NP方案比较,安全性较好。

国产长春瑞滨软胶囊的Ⅱ期临床研究

目的 :观察和评价国产长春瑞滨软胶囊联合顺铂治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌的安全性和有效性。方法 :本试验采用随机对照试验设计 ,随机将入组的 4 8例非小细胞肺癌分为二组。联合试验组 (A) :长春瑞滨软胶囊 ,6 0mg/m2 ,1次服用 ,d1、d8;顺铂 (PDD) ,80mg/m2 ,d1,每 3周重复。联合对照组 (B) :注射试用长春瑞滨 ,2 5mg/m2 d1、d8;PDD ,80mg/m2 d1,每 3周重复。两组止吐方案相同。结果 :两组均无CR病例 ;试验组 (A组 )有效率为 2 2 73% (5 / 2 2 ) ,对照组的有效率为 2 9 17% (7/2 4 )。两组有效率比较差异无显著性 (P =0 74 2 )。毒副反应 :联合试验组主要不良反应为恶心、呕吐及骨髓抑制。其它毒副反应少见。结论 :重酒石酸长春瑞滨软胶囊联合PDD治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌与重酒石酸长春瑞滨注射剂 (盖诺 )联合DDP对比 ,疗效相当 ,毒副反应相仿 ,建议扩大验证且延长观察期进一步观察。

改良INP方案对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效分析

目的观察改良INP方案对晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者及脑转移癌患者的临床效果及不良反应,同时探讨Ⅲ型β微管蛋白(β-tubulin-Ⅲ)在晚期NSCLC中的表达情况,及其与异环磷酰胺/诺维本/铂类化疗疗效的关系。方法回顾性分析广州医学院第一附属医院收治的29例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料。所有患者采用改良INP方案[异环磷酰胺(IFO)3 000 mg/m2,第1天,同时使用尿路保护剂美司钠+诺维本(NVB)25 mg/m2,第1天+顺铂(DDP)60 mg/m2,分3天静脉滴注],每3周1疗程。结果 29例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者经改良INP方案治疗,初治患者PR 2例(2/9),SD 6例(6/9),PD 1例(1/9),客观缓解率(ORR)22.2%,疾病控制率(DCR)88.9%;复治患者PR 2例(2/20),SD 14例(14/20),PD 4例(4/20),ORR 10.0%,DCR达80.0%,总的ORR为13.8%,总DCR达82.8%。脑转移患者12例,除2例不可评估外,其余10例患者PR 3例(3/10),SD 4例(4/10),PD 3例(3/10),脑转移灶的ORR为30.0%,DCR达70.0%,不良反应大多轻度且可控。同时β-tubulin-Ⅲ低表达者对该方案的反应优于高表达者。结论晚期非小细胞肺癌患者采用改良INP方案进行化疗,临床疾病控制率较高,耐受性良好,对脑转移患者亦有较好疗效,肿瘤组织β-tubulin-Ⅲ表达水平可能与该方案的疗效相关。

吉西他滨联合长春瑞滨治疗蒽环类和紫杉类耐药的晚期乳腺癌疗效和安全性评价

目的评价吉西他滨联合长春瑞滨用于治疗蒽环类和紫杉类治疗失败的晚期乳腺癌的疗效和安全性。方法20例经蒽环类和紫杉类治疗失败的晚期乳腺癌患者,采用吉西他滨联合长春瑞滨方案（GN）治疗：吉西他滨1 000 mg/m2静脉滴注,第1、8天;长春瑞滨25 mg/m2第1、8天,每3周重复。治疗至少2疗程,最多6疗程,每2个疗程后复查CT评价疗效,同时记录不良事件。结果1例患者因皮疹和骨髓抑制而终止治疗,其余19例患者均可评价疗效。完全缓解（CR）1例,部分缓解（PR）5例,稳定（SD）9例,进展（PD）4例。有效率（CR＋PR）为31.6%（6/19）,临床获益率（CR＋PR＋SD）为78.9%（15/19）。主要毒副反应为Ⅰ~Ⅱ度骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、皮疹和末梢神经毒性。结论吉西他滨联合长春瑞滨是经蒽环类和紫杉类治疗失败晚期乳腺癌的有效方案,安全性良好。

长春瑞滨为主的联合方案治疗晚期乳腺癌临床疗效观察

目的探讨长春瑞滨为主的联合方案治疗蒽环类和（或）紫杉类耐药晚期乳腺癌的疗效与安全性。方法82例蒽环类和（或）紫杉类耐药的转移乳腺癌患者分为两组：（1）长春瑞滨联合顺铂组（NP组）61例：长春瑞滨25 mg/m2,第1天和第8天,静脉滴注;顺铂75~80 mg/m2,静脉滴注,分割为2-5天。（2）长春瑞滨联合氟尿嘧啶类组（NF组）21例：诺维本用法同NP组,卡培他滨800~1 000 mg/m2,分早晚两次餐后30分钟口服,第1-14天,或替加氟600 mg/m2,第2-6天。3周为1周期,每2周期治疗结束2周后评价疗效。结果82例均可评价近期疗效和毒副作用,NP方案组总有效率为60.7%（37/61）,CR 3.3%（2/61）,PR 57.4%（35/61）,SD 36.2%（22/61）,PD 3.3%（2/61）。既往放疗者疗效好于未放疗者（P=0.025）,转移部位为单个者疗效好于多个者（P=0.017）;NF组总有效率为38.1%,CR 4.8%（1/21）,PR 33.3%（7/21）,SD 52.4%（11/21）,PD 9.5%（2/21）,蒽环类耐药者疗效好于蒽环类和紫杉类耐药者（P=0.020）。两组主要不良反应为骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应。结论长春瑞滨联合方案是治疗蒽环类和（或）紫杉类耐药转移性乳腺癌的有效解救方案。