To explore the mechanism of Fuyang Jiebiao granules against viral pneumonia based on network pharmacology and pharmacodynamics

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Fuyang Jiebiao granule(FYJBKL)in the treatment of viral pneumonia.Methods:Firstly,a network model was constructed using network pharmacology to study the target expression sites of FYJBKL viral pneumonia,so as to determine the main targets and important signal transduction pathways for the treatment of viral pneumonia.Secondly,the main components of the drug and the main target are docked.Then,the fever,sweating and inflammation rat models were established to explore the antipyretic,sweating and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of FYJBKL.Finally,the contents of IL-17,IL-1β,TNF-αand IL-6 in blood samples of rats were analyzed by ELISA method,and the morphological changes of lung tissue were observed by HE staining.Results:Quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,etc.,and the main mechanism targets are IL-17,IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6 and so on.Thirty signal pathways were identified by KEGG enrichment analysis,including interleukin-17 signaling pathway(IL-17 signaling pathway),human cytomegalovirus infection pathway(human cytomegalovirus infection),Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus infection pathway(Kaposi's sarcoma-as-sociated herpesvirus infection)and so on.After the study of molecular docking,we found that the contact efficiency between active substances and possible key targets is good.The high and middle concentration groups of FYJBKL significantly decreased the expression of IL-17,IL-1β,TNF-αand IL-6 in the blood of rats with inflammation(P<0.05).FYJBKL significantly reduced the foot swelling induced by egg white and inhibited the increase of body temperature induced by yeast in rats(P<0.05).HE staining showed that FYJBKL improved pulmonary fibrosis and inflammatory exudation to varying degrees.Conclusion:The effects of FuyangJiebiao granules on the related signal pathways of anti-virus,anti-immune and anti-inflammation as well as biological and cellular processes may be caused by the binding of quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol and other active ingredients to their shared targets.Fuyang Jiebiao granules can improve the related symptoms caused by viral pneumonia,and its mechanism may be related to the activities of TNF,IL-17,IL-6 and other related channels,which are multiple targets of inflammation regulation.

Xiaochaihu decoction alleviates viral pneumonia by regulating macrophage polarization

Background:In this investigation,we sought to evaluate the benefits of Xiaochaihu decoction(XCHD)on polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-induced viral pneumonia in mice and elucidate its mechanisms of action.Method:A viral pneumonia model was established in mice using polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid,with mice being intragastrically administered different doses of XCHD.The benefits of XCHD therapy for mice with viral pneumonia were assessed by determining the weight ratio of lung tissue,wet-to-dry,overall protein concentrations,and total cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,and hematoxylin and eosin staining of lung tissues.By determining the interleukin-1βlevels,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,nitric oxide,interleukin-10,and interleukin-4,and the mRNA and protein expression of nitric oxide synthase 2,arginase-1,and macrophage mannose receptor 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,we assessed consequences of XCHD on macrophage polarization with mice suffering from viral pneumonia.Results:XCHD was found to significantly reduce lung tissue wet-to-dry and the total protein content and total number of cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,while ameliorating pathological modifications to the lung tissues of rodents suffering from viral pneumonia,thereby indicating that this medicinal preparation has a healing impact on model mice with viral pneumonia.In addition,XCHD was found to reduce the magnitudes of interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and nitric oxide and the mRNA and protein manifestation of nitric oxide synthase 2,and promote an increase in the levels of interleukin-10 and interleukin-4 and the mRNA and protein expression of arginase-1 and macrophage mannose receptor 1,thereby indicating that XCHD can favorably mediate polarization of macrophages in mice with viral pneumonia.Conclusion:XCHD has notable therapeutic effects on viral pneumonia in mice,the fundamental workings of action of which may be connected to regulation of macrophage polarization.

The efficacy and safety of anti-humidification traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of viral pneumonia: A meta-analysis

Objective A meta-analysis was used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for dispelling dampness in the treatment of viral pneumonia.Methods The databases of CNKI,CBM,WanFang data,VIP,EMBASE,PubMed,and Cochrane library were searched,and the clinical trials of dispelling dampness TCM in the treatment of viral pneumonia were selected.The retrieval period is from the establishment of the database to December 2022.Stata 17.0 software was used to perform meta-analysis,and review manager 5.3 software was used to assess the risk of bias.Overall efficacy was evaluated by OR,and improvement in major clinical symptoms were evaluated by RR.Results A total of 20 randomized controlled trials were included,with a total of 2136 patients,including 1180 patients in the experimental group and 956 patients in the control group.Meta-analysis showed that TCM for dispelling dampness could significantly improve the efficacy of viral pneumonia patients[OR=2.652,95%CI=(2.187,3.217),Z=9.908,P<0.05];The child with abnormal lung X-rays returned to normal after treatment[RR=4.23,95%CI=(2.42,7.42),Z=5.04,P<0.05];In addition,patients had fewer adverse reactions to dispelling dampness TCM,and the safety of the trial was good.Conclusion This Meta-analysis further clarified the efficacy of TCM for dispelling dampness in the treatment of viral pneumonia by combining clinical data and has suggestive significance for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia.

COVID-19 or non-COVID viral pneumonia:How to differentiate based on the radiologic findings?

Influenza viruses were responsible for most adult viral pneumonia.Presently,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has evolved into serious global pandemic.COVID-19 outbreak is expected to persist in months to come that will be synchronous with the influenza season.The management,prognosis,and protection for these two viral pneumonias differ considerably and differentiating between them has a high impact on the patient outcome.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction is highly specific but has suboptimal sensitivity.Chest computed tomography(CT)has a high sensitivity for detection of pulmonary disease manifestations and can play a key-role in diagnosing COVID-19.We reviewed 47 studies and delineated CT findings of COVID-19 and influenza pneumonia.The differences observed in the chest CT scan can be helpful in differentiation.For instance,ground glass opacities(GGOs),as the most frequent imaging finding in both diseases,can differ in the pattern of distribution.Peripheral and posterior distribution,multilobular distribution,pure or clear margin GGOs were more commonly reported in COVID-19,whereas central or peri-bronchovascular GGOs and pure consolidations were more seen in influenza A(H1N1).In review of other imaging findings,further differences were noticed.Subpleural curvilinear lines,sugar melted sign,intra-lesional vascular enlargement,reverse halo sign,and fibrotic bands were more reported in COVID-19 than H1N1,while air space nodule,tree-in-bud,bronchiectasia,pleural effusion,and cavitation were more seen in H1N1.This delineation,when combined with clinical manifestations and laboratory results may help to differentiate these two viral infections.

Material basis and pharmacodynamic mechanism of YangshenDingzhi granules in the intervention of viral pneumonia:Based on serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology

Background:YangshenDingzhi granules(YSDZ)are clinically effective in preventing and treating COVID-19.The present study elucidates the underlying mechanism of YSDZ intervention in viral pneumonia by employing serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology.Methods:The chemical constituents of YSDZ in the blood were examined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS).Potential protein targets were obtained from the SwissTargetPrediction database,and the target genes associated with viral pneumonia were identified using GeneCards,DisGeNET,and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)databases.The intersection of blood component-related targets and disease-related targets was determined using Venny 2.1.Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database.The Metascape database was employed to perform enrichment analyses of Gene Ontology(GO)functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathways for the targets,while the Cytoscape 3.9.1 software was utilized to construct drug-component-disease-target-pathway networks.Further,in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to establish the therapeutic effectiveness of YSDZ against viral pneumonia.Results:Fifteen compounds and 124 targets linked to viral pneumonia were detected in serum.Among these,MAPK1,MAPK3,AKT1,EGFR,and TNF play significant roles.In vitro tests revealed that the medicated serum suppressed the replication of H1N1,RSV,and SARS-CoV-2 replicon.Further,in vivo testing analysis shows that YSDZ decreases the viral load in the lungs of mice infected with RSV and H1N1.Conclusion:The chemical constituents of YSDZ in the blood may elicit therapeutic effects against viral pneumonia by targeting multiple proteins and pathways.

The Performance of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Various Viral Pneumonia Pandemics: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Objective: To compare the effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and routine mechanical ventilation on mortality and the risk of associated adverse events in patients with severe viral pneumonia. Methods: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and other databases were searched to collect case-control or cohort studies on prognoses associated with ECMO treatment for viral pneumonia. Search terms included extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO, viral pneumonia, COVID-19, influenza, MERS, and others. According to the PICOS principle, two evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted the data, cross-checked the data, and extracted the data again. Two researchers evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and cross-checked the results. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Nine studies were included for analysis, encompassing a total of 4,330 patients, which were categorized into ECMO and CMV groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in most baseline data;however, the ECMO group had a lower oxygenation index, and some studies reported higher SOFA scores in the ECMO group compared to the CMV group. There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between the two groups. The length of ICU stay, total hospital stay, and total mechanical ventilation time were longer in the ECMO group than in the CMV group. In terms of adverse events, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of kidney injury between the two groups. Bleeding events were reported in two studies, with more bleeding events occurring in the ECMO group. According to the subgroup analysis of different virus types, there were no statistical differences in the above aspects among patients with swine flu, novel coronavirus, and MERS. Conclusion: ECMO has a certain degree of positive significance in the treatment of severe viral pneumonia, but there is no significant difference in the treatment outcome of ECMO across different epidemic periods. The timing of ECMO treatment, patient management, and withdrawal evaluation still need further research.

Evaluation by Survival Analysis on Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Children with Respiratory Syncytial Viral Pneumonia of Phlegm-Heat Blocking Fei Syndrome

Objective:To objectively evaluate the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine in treating children s respiratory syncytial viral pneumonia(RSVP) of phlegm-heat blocking Fei(肺) syndrome(PHBFS). Methods:A single-blinded multi-center,blocked,randomized and parallel-controlled method was adopted.The clinical study was carried out on 206 children with RSVP-PHBFS who were assigned to two groups,108 in the test group treated through intravenous dripping of Qingkailing Injection(清开灵注射液) in combination of or...

Xiyanping Injection in Treatment of Viral Pneumonia in Children: A Meta-analysis of Random Control Trials

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiyanping Injection in the treatment of viral pneumonia in children. Methods We searched several databases, including Pub Med, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data（January— June, 2014）. The references of all selected studies were also retrieved to collect the relevantly randomized controlled trials（RCTs） on Xiyanping Injection for viral pneumonia in children. Two authors screened the literatures in accordance with the inclusive criteria, extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. We used Rev Man 5.2 software for meta-analysis. Results Meta-analysis on the 10 included RCTs showed that the effective rates of defervescing and vanishing of the rashes and cough in the Xiyanping Injection group were better than those in the Ribavirin Injection group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of adverse drug reaction. Conclusion The existing research indicated that Xiyanping Injection is a secure and efficient scheme for viral pneumonia in children. Because of the poor quality of present researches, these results should be verified by strictly-designed and large-scale sample RCTs.

瞬时受体电位通道在病毒性肺炎发展过程中的关键作用

目的对病毒性肺炎感染过程中与瞬时受体电位(transient receptor potential,TRP)通道家族可能的发生机制进行综述研究。方法通过检索中国知网和PubMed数据库,收集近30年关于TRP通道家族与病毒性肺炎关系研究和机制探讨的相关报道。结果作为细胞膜上的离子受体通道,TRP通道能够调节细胞内外钙离子平衡,抑制或加速病毒入侵宿主;通过加速钙离子内流,激化细胞氧化应激反应,加速细胞自噬或凋亡;通过促进细胞形态变化,增强其对炎症介质和细胞因子的响应等。结论TRP通道是病毒感染宿主过程中的重要调控因子,其对病毒感染过程中的多个生理过程产生直接或间接的影响,进一步对TRP通道家族进行深入研究,可成为抗病毒药物研发的新靶点,为临床抗病毒性肺炎提供新思路。

单中心维持性血液透析患者新型冠状病毒感染状况调查及预后影响因素分析

目的调查维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者新型冠状病毒感染的患病率,并分析影响预后的相关因素,为更好地管理MHD患者提供依据。方法整群抽取280例MHD患者作为调查对象,调查MHD合并新型冠状病毒感染的患病率。筛选出其中感染新型冠状病毒的患者,根据预后情况的不同,将MHD新型冠状病毒感染患者分为痊愈组和死亡组,调查相关因素。结果共筛查出MHD合并新型冠状病毒感染患者265例,患病率为94.64%。死亡患者15例,病死率为5.66%。无症状感染者为30例(11.32%)。与痊愈组(n=250)患者相比,死亡组(n=15)患者发生乏力、纳差、咳嗽、咽喉肿痛、呼吸困难的比例更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与死亡组患者相比,痊愈组患者发生肌肉酸痛的比例更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者在发热、嗅觉失敏、味觉失敏、头昏头痛、腹泻等症状的百分率方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者在原发疾病中的慢性肾炎,高血压,多囊肾,新型冠状病毒疫苗接种1剂次、2剂次、3剂次,透析龄,血磷、甲状旁腺激素水平、透析间期体重增长率、血红蛋白、空腹血糖以及血压等指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与痊愈组患者相比,死亡组患者在原发疾病中的糖尿病比例及感染新型冠状病毒后发生病毒性肺炎的比例更高,透析间期更加缺少运动,年龄更大,血钙水平更低,炎症指标(白细胞计数、C反应蛋白、降钙素原、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6))更高以及存在更多的单室尿素清除指数(single-poolKt/V,spKt/V)不达标,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论原发疾病中的糖尿病、感染新型冠状病毒后发生的病毒性肺炎、透析间期缺乏运动、高龄、低血钙、高水平炎症指标(白细胞计数、C反应蛋白、降钙素原、IL-6)以及spKt/V不达标是引起MHD新型冠状病毒感染患者死亡的主要影响因素。因此,鼓励MHD患者透析间期加强运动,有利于增强MHD患者的体质。另外,通过改善患者的透析充分性,有助于改善MHD新型冠状病毒感染患者的预后。

治疗病毒性肺炎的古方配伍特征分析研究

目的利用关联规则算法,探索治疗病毒性肺炎古方中的单味药频次及药物之间配伍特征。方法利用中国中医科学院中医药信息研究所“中医古方数据库”,检索治疗病毒性肺炎相关古方,得到985首方剂,去除与本次检索目的无关方剂,最终纳入749首方剂进行分析。采用Excel 2016建立数据表,并对单味药进行统计、药物配伍、关联规则分析及聚类分析。筛选时间为建库至2023年10月。结果收集方剂中共涉及290味药,筛选出在治疗病毒性肺炎古方中出现频次≥50次的药物,共有43味药,对其中高频单味药进行统计得出:⑴从药性角度分析,温性药18味、出现1773次,寒性药16味、出现1226次,各占药性频次总数的43.33%和29.96%;⑵从药味角度分析,辛味药18味、出现2268次,苦味药22味、出现2013次,甘味药17味、出现1681次,各占药味频次总数的35.55%、31.55%和26.35%;⑶从归经角度分析,归肺经药26味、出现2501次,归脾经药23味、出现2447次,归胃经药18味、出现1587次,归心经药14味、出现1324次,各占归经频次总数的21.45%、20.99%、13.61%和11.36%;⑷从功效角度分析,解表药12味、出现2501次,补虚药7味、出现827次,清热药9味、出现662次,各占功效频次总数的27.59%、20.21%和16.18%。治疗病毒性肺炎古方中药物关联规则结果显示,重要性高的3个药物组合分别为“苦杏仁、石膏、麻黄”“金银花、甘草、连翘”“草果、藿香、厚朴”。结论治疗病毒性肺炎古方中,药物多偏于温辛、寒苦、寒甘等,入肺、脾、胃经,以清热解毒、宣肺透邪为基本治则。

甲型H1N1流感病毒感染小鼠肺共信号分子变化研究

背景甲型流感病毒传染性强,重症感染病死率高。共信号分子是参与免疫应答的重要分子。探究甲型流感病毒感染后肺病毒载量与共信号分子的变化特点及相关性可为病毒感染后的治疗提供参考依据。目的探究甲型流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1)(PR8株)感染小鼠肺病毒载量和共信号分子的变化特点及相关性。方法72只7周龄BALB/c小鼠随机分为高剂量病毒组(108 TCID50/mL,50μL/只,32只)、低剂量病毒组(104 TCID50/mL,50μL/只,32只)和对照组(PBS,50μL/只,8只),三组分别于感染后24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h每个时间点每组各处死8只、8只、2只小鼠;解剖取左肺行HE染色,实时定量逆转录PCR(qRT-PCR)检测肺病毒载量以及共信号分子CD28、CD226、ICOS、CTLA-4、TIGIT、PD-1 mRNA相对表达量。将高、低剂量病毒组所有病毒感染小鼠(n=64)肺病毒载量与共信号分子mRNA相对表达量行相关性分析。结果感染后96 h内,高剂量病毒组相比低剂量病毒组小鼠肺损伤较重,且共刺激分子CD28、CD226、ICOS mRNA相对表达量均减少(P均<0.05)。高剂量病毒组小鼠感染后24 h PD-1 mRNA相对表达量增加(P<0.01),感染后48 h CTLA-4 mRNA相对表达量增加(P<0.01)且病毒复制达到峰值。低剂量病毒组小鼠感染后72 h PD-1 mRNA相对表达量增加(P<0.05)且病毒复制达到峰值,感染后96 h CTLA-4 mRNA相对表达量增加(P<0.01)。病毒感染小鼠(n=64)肺病毒载量与PD-1 mRNA相对表达量存在正相关关系(r=0.540,P<0.001),与CD226 mRNA相对表达量存在负相关关系(r=-0.340,P=0.006)。结论甲型流感病毒感染小鼠肺组织中CTLA-4、PD-1 mRNA相对表达量增加等现象的早期出现可能提示小鼠感染的重症化。肺组织中的PD-1和CD226可能是与肺病毒载量相关的共信号分子靶点。

中医药基于“扶正宣肺”治则抗病毒性肺炎作用研究

病毒性肺炎是发生率较高的一种疾病,其中感染病毒是一个主要诱发因素。对于病毒性肺炎,西医主要采用对症治疗,以抗病毒药物为主,但是随着用药时间的延长,容易出现耐药性,并且不良反应多,可降低患者耐受性。而在瘟疫类疾病的预防和治疗中,“扶正祛邪”有着重要的历史地位,并且现代药理学研究表明,这一治法可以使机体免疫状态得到改善。论文以“扶正、宣肺”的原则为基本出发点,在对相关资料进行分析的基础上,阐述病毒性肺炎的中药治疗进展,明确其作用机制,以促进临床治疗水平的提高。

1285例病毒性肺炎患儿病原分布特征及其与中医证型的关系

目的探究1285例病毒性肺炎患儿的病原分布特征、临床特点及与中医证型的关系。方法选取2022年1月—2022年12月于沈阳市儿童医院住院治疗的肺炎患儿2089例,采用RT-PCR检测甲型流感病毒(Infa)(包括H1N1、H3N2)、乙型流感病毒(Infb)、腺病毒(HADV)、博卡病毒(BoV)、鼻病毒(HRV)、副流感病毒(HPIV)、冠状病毒(HCOV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(HRSV)、偏肺病毒(HMPV)、新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)等病毒,采用ELISA法检测Epstein-Barr病毒(EB病毒)。结果病毒性肺炎1285例,病毒阳性率61.51%,前5位病原体依次为HRSV、Infb、HMPV、HRV、Infa;HRSV主要分布在春季和冬季,Infb冬季阳性率明显高于其他季节,HMPV、BoV、HRV、HCOV、HADV均以秋季为主,Infa、HPIV主要分布在夏季,SARS-CoV-2全部在冬季;HRSV婴儿期阳性率最高,随着年龄增加阳性率降低,Infb、PV、HRV、Infa学龄前期阳性率高,BoV幼儿期阳性率高于其他年龄段,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);HRSV毒热闭肺证百分比高于其他证型,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他病原体与中医证型分布无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论HRSV、Infb、HMPV、HRV、Infa为儿童病毒性肺炎的主要病原体,不同病原体肺炎与季节、年龄、中医证型等相关。

基于真实世界数据胸腺法新用于病毒性肺炎的用药合理性分析以及疗效评价

目的基于真实世界数据,分析某院注射用胸腺法新的使用情况,探讨其用于病毒性肺炎防治的合理性,以期为胸腺肽类药物的临床合理用药提供参考。方法采用回顾性研究法,收集某院2022年12月~2023年3月使用胸腺法新的病例进行全样本点评,从用药指征、用药时机、用法用量、用药疗程等方面评价其合理性,随访预后,评价疗效。结果共纳入174例患者,>65岁以上的老人占比达80.46%,住院天数大多在7~14 d,呼吸科和ICU患者占比最大,主要诊断为新冠病毒感染、重症肺炎、脓毒血症等,多数病例合并多种疾病,经点评,注射用胸腺法新适应证不合理率为24.14%;给药剂量不适宜比例为12.10%,给药途径不适宜比例为2.63%,溶媒不适宜比例为12.89%。结论真实世界数据提示,注射用胸腺法新存在不合理使用情况,对于免疫力低下的COVID-19重症患者具有一定疗效,建议COVID-19患者用药时严格把握胸腺法新的使用指征及使用时机,谨慎用药。

3种中药注射液联合西医抗病毒药物对病毒性肺炎患者炎症因子影响网状Meta分析

目的采用网状Meta分析比较血必净注射液、热毒宁注射液、痰热清注射液对病毒性肺炎患者炎症因子水平的影响。方法计算机检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、中国学术期刊数据库(万方数据)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library建库至2022年4月15日3种注射液分别联合西医抗病毒药物治疗病毒性肺炎随机对照试验(RCT)。利用Cochrane系统评价手册5.1.0推荐的偏倚风险评估工具对文献进行质量评价,用Stata15.1软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入26项RCT,涉及患者2315例。网状Meta分析结果显示:总有效率方面,西医抗病毒+热毒宁注射液治疗较西医抗病毒+血必净注射液[OR=5.69,95%CI(3.37,9.61),P<0.05]和仅使用西医抗病毒治疗[OR=5.51,95%CI(2.92,8.94),P<0.05]差异有统计学意义,其余差异无统计学意义。降低C反应蛋白方面,西医抗病毒+痰热清注射液效果最好。降低白细胞介素-6方面,西医抗病毒+痰热清注射液与西医抗病毒+热毒宁注射液[OR=-2.51,95%CI(-4.29,-0.73),P<0.05]、西医抗病毒+痰热清注射液与西医抗病毒[OR=-1.90,95%CI(-2.57,-1.22),P<0.05]比较差异均有统计学意义,西医抗病毒+热毒宁注射液和单纯西医抗病毒治疗比较差异无统计学意义。降低肿瘤坏死因子-α方面,西医抗病毒+热毒宁注射液较西医抗病毒差异无统计学意义,西医抗病毒+痰热清注射液较西医抗病毒[OR=-1.98,95%CI(-2.62,-1.34),P<0.05]、西医抗病毒+热毒宁注射液[OR=-2.62,95%CI(-3.63,-1.61),P<0.05]比较差异均有统计学意义。不良反应发生率方面,西医抗病毒+热毒宁注射液较西医抗病毒[OR=0.38,95%CI(0.18,0.79),P<0.05]差异有统计学意义,其余无统计学意义。结论中药注射液联合西医抗病毒治疗病毒性肺炎的疗效优于单纯使用西医抗病毒,安全性较好,且能有效降低炎症因子水平,尤以痰热清注射液效果更佳。

疏风解毒胶囊预防给药对流感病毒感染小鼠模型TLR4介导肺组织炎性损伤的影响

目的探究疏风解毒胶囊预防给药对甲型流感病毒肺炎小鼠的影响及可能的干预机制。方法采用甲型H1N1流感病毒(FM1株)滴鼻感染ICR小鼠,构建病毒性肺炎模型。每日固定时间观察各组小鼠一般状态,计算各组小鼠肺指数、抑制率和病毒载量;采用Micro-CT、苏木精-伊红染色(HE)法观察小鼠肺组织病理形态变化;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)的含量;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测肺组织中TLR4、MyD88蛋白的表达含量。结果预防性给予疏风解毒胶囊可降低小鼠的肺指数,降低肺组织中病毒载量,修复流感小鼠肺部损伤,减轻肺部病变,降低肺组织中TNF-α和IL-6含量。Western blot结果显示疏风解毒胶囊可下调肺组织TLR4、MyD88蛋白的表达。结论疏风解毒胶囊预防性给药对甲型流感病毒肺炎小鼠具有保护作用,其机制与抑制病毒复制、改善肺组织病变、抑制炎症因子释放和下调肺组织中TLR4、MyD88蛋白的表达有关。

Comparison of acute pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses in children:a retrospective multi-center cohort study during COVID-19 outbreak

Background:Until January 18,2021,coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)has infected more than 93 million individuals and has caused a certain degree of panic.Viral pneumonia caused by common viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus,rhinovirus,human metapneumovirus,human bocavirus,and parainfluenza viruses have been more common in children.However,the incidence of COVID-19 in children was significantly lower than that in adults.The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations,treatment and outcomes of COVID-19 in children compared with those of other sources of viral pneumonia diagnosed during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods:Children with COVID-19 and viral pneumonia admitted to 20 hospitals were enrolled in this retrospective multi-center cohort study.A total of 64 children with COVID-19 were defined as the COVID-19 cohort,of which 40 children who developed pneumonia were defined as the COVID-19 pneumonia cohort.Another 284 children with pneumonia caused by other viruses were defined as the viral pneumonia cohort.The epidemiologic,clinical,and laboratory findings were compared by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test,t-test,Mann-Whitney U test and Contingency table method.Drug usage,immunotherapy,blood transfusion,and need for oxygen support were collected as the treatment indexes.Mortality,intensive care needs and symptomatic duration were collected as the outcome indicators.Results:Compared with the viral pneumonia cohort,children in the COVID-19 cohort were mostly exposed to family members confirmed to have COVID-19(53/64 vs.23/284),were of older median age(6.3 years vs.3.2 years),and had a higher proportion of ground-glass opacity(GGO)on computed tomography(18/40 vs.0/38,P<0.001).Children in the COVID-19 pneumonia cohort had a lower proportion of severe cases(1/40 vs.38/284,P=0.048),and lower cases with high fever(3/40 vs.167/284,P<0.001),requiring intensive care(1/40 vs.32/284,P<0.047)and with shorter symptomatic duration(median 5d vs.8d,P<0.001).The proportion of cases with evaluated inflammatory indicators,biochemical indicators related to organ or tissue damage,D-dimer and secondary bacterial infection were lower in the COVID-19 pneumonia cohort than those in the viral pneumonia cohort(P<0.05).No statistical differences were found in the duration of positive PCR results from pharyngeal swabs in 25 children with COVID-19 who received antiviral drugs(lopinavir-ritonavir,ribavirin,and arbidol)as compared with duration in 39 children without antiviral therapy(median 10d vs.9d,P=0.885).Conclusions:The symptoms and severity of COVID-19 pneumonia in children were no more severe than those in children with other viral pneumonia.Lopinavir-ritonavir,ribavirin and arbidol do not shorten the duration of positive PCR results from pharyngeal swabs in children with COVID-19.During the COVID-19 outbreak,attention also must be given to children with infection by other pathogens infection.

分析医护一体化护理对病毒性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者睡眠质量的影响

目的:分析医护一体化护理对病毒性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2022年3月至2023年3月福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院收治的病毒性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者67例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=33)和观察组(n=34),2组均给予对症治疗,对照组给予常规护理模式干预,观察组给予医护一体化模式干预。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)比较2组患者睡眠质量的差异;在护理前1 d、护理10 d后测定患者的睡眠参数,应用睡眠监测仪测定睡眠时长、睡眠潜伏期、觉醒时间以及睡眠效率;在入院后1 d、护理10 d后通过肺功能检测仪测定患者的第1秒用力呼吸容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)及第1秒用力呼吸容积和肺活量比值(FEV_(1)/FVC)。结果:干预后,2组患者的肺功能指标FEV_(1)、FVC及FEV_(1)/FVC均有改善,且观察组显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组睡眠时长、睡眠效率显著高于对照组,觉醒时间显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,观察组PSQI评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在病毒性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者临床治疗中配合医护一体化护理,可促进病情转归,改善患者睡眠质量。

固本清肺方联合西医常规治疗病毒性肺炎的疗效观察

目的:评价固本清肺方联合西医常规治疗西医诊断为病毒性肺炎、中医诊断为疫病(正气亏虚,湿热毒邪证)患者的有效性和安全性。方法:采用前瞻性单臂试验研究,纳入2023年1月20日至2024年1月15日深圳市中医院收治的100例西医诊断为病毒性肺炎、中医诊断为疫病(正气亏虚,湿热毒邪证)的患者,在西医常规治疗的基础上加用固本清肺方治疗5 d。观察并比较治疗前后患者的主要症状中医证候积分及实验室检验指标。结果:100例患者经固本清肺方联合西医常规治疗后住院时间为8(7,11)d,未出现不良事件,无死亡病例;主要症状发热、咳嗽、乏力、痰量、呼吸困难中医证候积分均较治疗前下降;白细胞计数、C反应蛋白、红细胞沉降率、降钙素原、白细胞介素-6均较治疗前下降且淋巴细胞计数较治疗前升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:本研究发现,对于西医诊断为病毒性肺炎且中医诊断为疫病(正气亏虚,湿热毒邪证)的患者,固本清肺方联合西医常规治疗可以有效缓解患者主要临床症状、改善实验室检验指标,且安全性较好。