Mepanipyrim,an anilinopyrimidine fungicide,has been extensively used to prevent fungal diseases in fruit culture.Currently,research on mepanipyrim-induced toxicity in organisms is still very scarce,especially visual d...Mepanipyrim,an anilinopyrimidine fungicide,has been extensively used to prevent fungal diseases in fruit culture.Currently,research on mepanipyrim-induced toxicity in organisms is still very scarce,especially visual developmental toxicity.Here,zebrafish larvae were employed to investigate mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity.Intense light andmonochromatic light stimuli-evoked escape experiments were used to investigate vision-guided behaviors.Meanwhile,transcriptomic sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR assays were applied to assess the potential mechanisms of mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity and vision-guided behavioral alteration.Our results showed that mepanipyrim exposure could induce retinal impairment and vision-guided behavioral alteration in larval zebrafish.In addition,the grk1b gene of the phototransduction signaling pathway was found to be a potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)-regulated gene.Mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity was potentially related to the AhR signaling pathway.Furthermore,mepanipyrim-induced behavioral alteration was guided by the visual function,and the effects of mepanipyrim on long and middle wavelength light-sensitive opsins may be the main cause of vision-guided behavioral alteration.Our results provide insights into understanding the relationship between visual development and vision-guided behaviors induced by mepanipyrim exposure.展开更多
The development of components of VEP was studied in 150 infants and children between 2 weeks and 9 years of age participated as subjects. Ten adult subjects, 25 ito 35 years of age were also studied. The results indic...The development of components of VEP was studied in 150 infants and children between 2 weeks and 9 years of age participated as subjects. Ten adult subjects, 25 ito 35 years of age were also studied. The results indicated that the VEP had a simple wave form, consisting of only a slowly rising positive wave to 140', 70' and 35' checks from infants of 2 to 8 weeks following birth. P_1 wave appeared in response to 17.5' check stimulus at 10 weeks following birth. The latencies of P_1 components shortened d...展开更多
The objective was to measure the visual acuity (VA) of children with the diagnosis of hydrocephalus with or without peritoneal-ventricular shunt (PVS). A total of 55 children were included in the study (34 Female), wi...The objective was to measure the visual acuity (VA) of children with the diagnosis of hydrocephalus with or without peritoneal-ventricular shunt (PVS). A total of 55 children were included in the study (34 Female), with an age range of 0 to 291 weeks. The VA was measured by the sweep visual evoked potential technique. Of those with a PVS, in 31 the ventricular valve was inserted before 15 days after the diagnosis whereas in 14 the ventricular valve was inserted after 15 days. The sweep VEP was performed in all children, 95 exams (94%) were abnormal and only 6 were normal. There was a statistical difference in the VA between children with a PVS inserted before 15 days of the diagnosis and children with a PVS after 15 days (p = 0.038) or those without a shunt (p = 0.031). Children with no complications of the PVS had a better VA as compared to those with shunt complications (p < 0.001). In the group of children with complications, again those who had a shunt inserted be-fore 15 days had better VA results in com- parison to those in whom the shunt was inserted after 15 days (p = 0.029). No statistical difference in the VA was found between children without the PVS and with those in which the shunt was inserted after 15 days of the di-agnosis of hydrocephalus (p = 0.699). We conclude that the delayed insertion of the PVS may compromise the visual development of these children.展开更多
Purpose: To assess treatment results in pediatric patients with cataracts, to evaluate the efficacy of various surgical interventions, and to determine the factors that affect visual outcomes. Methods: This is aProspe...Purpose: To assess treatment results in pediatric patients with cataracts, to evaluate the efficacy of various surgical interventions, and to determine the factors that affect visual outcomes. Methods: This is aProspective cohort study. We studied a consecutive series of pediatric patients with congenital, developing, or traumatic cataracts who underwent surgery between January, 1999 and April, 2012 at Drashti Netralaya, Dahod. Patient demographics, cataract type, presenting symptoms, surgical intervention, postoperative visual acuity, and follow-up refractive changes were recorded. Results: In total, 1305 eyes of 1047 children were included: unilateral cataracts were present in 786 (60.2%) eyes. There were 610 (46.7%) traumatic and 695 (53.3%) non-traumatic cases. Ages at surgery ranged from 1 to 215 months. Eyes were grouped by the surgical intervention performed: Group 1, pars plana approach including 366 (28%) eyes that underwent lensectomies, and Group 2, anterior approach, including 939 (71.9%) eyes that underwent phacoemulsification ± IOL placement or small incision cataract surgery ± IOL placement. The mean follow-up time was 117 days. Ultimately, 113 (30.9%) Group 1 and 503 (53.6%) Group 2 patients achieved a visual acuity better than 20/60 (P < 0.001). Age at intervention, laterality, sensory nystagmus, pretreatment vision, IOL insertion, and etiology were all significantly related (all P < 0.001) to visual outcome. Conclusions: Surgical treatment with intraocular lens implantation for children with congenital, developmental, or traumatic cataracts is an effective treatment for visual rehabilitation. Visual outcome was significantly better in cases of traumatic cataracts versus non-traumatic cataracts.展开更多
Background: Magnocellular deficit theory is among the different hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of developmental dyslexia (DD). Dysfunction of the magnocellular system in DD has been ...Background: Magnocellular deficit theory is among the different hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of developmental dyslexia (DD). Dysfunction of the magnocellular system in DD has been investigated using mainly visual evoked potentials (VEPs), particularly transient VEPs, although recently abnormal steady-state VEPs have also been reported. The brain regions responsible for the abnormal VEPs in DD have yet to be elucidated, however. In this study, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography (fMRI-EEG) simultaneously to elucidate the brain areas that were found in a previous study to be activated through stimulation of the magnocellular system, and then investigated the mechanism involved in the dysfunction seen in DD.Methods: Subjects were 20 healthy individuals (TYP group;13 men, 7 women;mean ± standard deviation age, 26.3 ± 5.53 years) and 2 men with DD (aged 42 and 30 years). Images of brain activity were acquired with 3-Tesla MRI while the viewing the reversal of low-spatial frequency and low-contrast black-and-white sinusoidal gratings. EEG was recorded concurrently to obtain steady-state VEPs.Results: Stimulus frequency-dependent VEPs were observed in the posterior region of the brain in the TYP group;however, VEP amplitudes in both DD patients were clearly smaller than those in TYP. fMRI images revealed that both the primary and secondary visual cortices were activated by black-and- white sinusoidal gratings in the TYP group, whereas activity in the visual cortex overall was reduced in both DD patients.Conclusions: Present low spatial and high reversal frequency visual stimuli activated the primary visual cortex presumably through predominant activation of the magnocellular pathway. This finding indicates that some cases of adult patients of DD involve impairment of the visual magnocellular system.展开更多
[目的]对深圳市部分小学生视觉运动统合能力发育进行测查，为制定深圳市儿童视觉运动整合发育常模作准备。[方法]整群抽取深圳市某小学1337名学生，剔除由于躯体残疾、智力问题等因素造成发育障碍、学习困难等25名学生，共采集6岁0月～1...[目的]对深圳市部分小学生视觉运动统合能力发育进行测查，为制定深圳市儿童视觉运动整合发育常模作准备。[方法]整群抽取深圳市某小学1337名学生，剔除由于躯体残疾、智力问题等因素造成发育障碍、学习困难等25名学生，共采集6岁0月～12岁11个月样本1312个，其中男704例，女608例。运用视觉运动统合发育测验（The Beery Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual—Motor Integration，VMI）进行测试。[结果]各年龄VMI测试原始分数分别为：17．66±2．38（6岁）、19．11±2．63（7岁）、19．86±2．64（8岁）、20．89±2．67（9岁）、21．64±2．71（10岁）、22．44±2．77（11岁）、23．16±2．62（12岁）；与台湾常模样本比较，VMI测试原始分数8岁前高于台湾常模，9岁后低于台湾常模样本标准，且在一些年龄段有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。在测评过程中发现某些图形失误率较高，较明显的是第20图。学业成就的研究显示儿童VMI得分与数学、语文成绩等级高度相关（P〈0．01）。[结论]深圳市小学生视觉运动统合能力随年龄增长而增进，其VMI成绩表现与台湾儿童比较有差异，某些图形的难度顺序可能需重新排列，VMI测验对评价儿童的学习能力有一定的实用价值，有必要制定地方常模。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42177411)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No.2018J01067)
文摘Mepanipyrim,an anilinopyrimidine fungicide,has been extensively used to prevent fungal diseases in fruit culture.Currently,research on mepanipyrim-induced toxicity in organisms is still very scarce,especially visual developmental toxicity.Here,zebrafish larvae were employed to investigate mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity.Intense light andmonochromatic light stimuli-evoked escape experiments were used to investigate vision-guided behaviors.Meanwhile,transcriptomic sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR assays were applied to assess the potential mechanisms of mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity and vision-guided behavioral alteration.Our results showed that mepanipyrim exposure could induce retinal impairment and vision-guided behavioral alteration in larval zebrafish.In addition,the grk1b gene of the phototransduction signaling pathway was found to be a potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)-regulated gene.Mepanipyrim-induced visual developmental toxicity was potentially related to the AhR signaling pathway.Furthermore,mepanipyrim-induced behavioral alteration was guided by the visual function,and the effects of mepanipyrim on long and middle wavelength light-sensitive opsins may be the main cause of vision-guided behavioral alteration.Our results provide insights into understanding the relationship between visual development and vision-guided behaviors induced by mepanipyrim exposure.
文摘The development of components of VEP was studied in 150 infants and children between 2 weeks and 9 years of age participated as subjects. Ten adult subjects, 25 ito 35 years of age were also studied. The results indicated that the VEP had a simple wave form, consisting of only a slowly rising positive wave to 140', 70' and 35' checks from infants of 2 to 8 weeks following birth. P_1 wave appeared in response to 17.5' check stimulus at 10 weeks following birth. The latencies of P_1 components shortened d...
基金supported by grants to MFC from CNPq 401153/2009-6 Ciencias Humanas.MFC is CNPq research fellow.
文摘The objective was to measure the visual acuity (VA) of children with the diagnosis of hydrocephalus with or without peritoneal-ventricular shunt (PVS). A total of 55 children were included in the study (34 Female), with an age range of 0 to 291 weeks. The VA was measured by the sweep visual evoked potential technique. Of those with a PVS, in 31 the ventricular valve was inserted before 15 days after the diagnosis whereas in 14 the ventricular valve was inserted after 15 days. The sweep VEP was performed in all children, 95 exams (94%) were abnormal and only 6 were normal. There was a statistical difference in the VA between children with a PVS inserted before 15 days of the diagnosis and children with a PVS after 15 days (p = 0.038) or those without a shunt (p = 0.031). Children with no complications of the PVS had a better VA as compared to those with shunt complications (p < 0.001). In the group of children with complications, again those who had a shunt inserted be-fore 15 days had better VA results in com- parison to those in whom the shunt was inserted after 15 days (p = 0.029). No statistical difference in the VA was found between children without the PVS and with those in which the shunt was inserted after 15 days of the di-agnosis of hydrocephalus (p = 0.699). We conclude that the delayed insertion of the PVS may compromise the visual development of these children.
文摘Purpose: To assess treatment results in pediatric patients with cataracts, to evaluate the efficacy of various surgical interventions, and to determine the factors that affect visual outcomes. Methods: This is aProspective cohort study. We studied a consecutive series of pediatric patients with congenital, developing, or traumatic cataracts who underwent surgery between January, 1999 and April, 2012 at Drashti Netralaya, Dahod. Patient demographics, cataract type, presenting symptoms, surgical intervention, postoperative visual acuity, and follow-up refractive changes were recorded. Results: In total, 1305 eyes of 1047 children were included: unilateral cataracts were present in 786 (60.2%) eyes. There were 610 (46.7%) traumatic and 695 (53.3%) non-traumatic cases. Ages at surgery ranged from 1 to 215 months. Eyes were grouped by the surgical intervention performed: Group 1, pars plana approach including 366 (28%) eyes that underwent lensectomies, and Group 2, anterior approach, including 939 (71.9%) eyes that underwent phacoemulsification ± IOL placement or small incision cataract surgery ± IOL placement. The mean follow-up time was 117 days. Ultimately, 113 (30.9%) Group 1 and 503 (53.6%) Group 2 patients achieved a visual acuity better than 20/60 (P < 0.001). Age at intervention, laterality, sensory nystagmus, pretreatment vision, IOL insertion, and etiology were all significantly related (all P < 0.001) to visual outcome. Conclusions: Surgical treatment with intraocular lens implantation for children with congenital, developmental, or traumatic cataracts is an effective treatment for visual rehabilitation. Visual outcome was significantly better in cases of traumatic cataracts versus non-traumatic cataracts.
文摘Background: Magnocellular deficit theory is among the different hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology of developmental dyslexia (DD). Dysfunction of the magnocellular system in DD has been investigated using mainly visual evoked potentials (VEPs), particularly transient VEPs, although recently abnormal steady-state VEPs have also been reported. The brain regions responsible for the abnormal VEPs in DD have yet to be elucidated, however. In this study, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography (fMRI-EEG) simultaneously to elucidate the brain areas that were found in a previous study to be activated through stimulation of the magnocellular system, and then investigated the mechanism involved in the dysfunction seen in DD.Methods: Subjects were 20 healthy individuals (TYP group;13 men, 7 women;mean ± standard deviation age, 26.3 ± 5.53 years) and 2 men with DD (aged 42 and 30 years). Images of brain activity were acquired with 3-Tesla MRI while the viewing the reversal of low-spatial frequency and low-contrast black-and-white sinusoidal gratings. EEG was recorded concurrently to obtain steady-state VEPs.Results: Stimulus frequency-dependent VEPs were observed in the posterior region of the brain in the TYP group;however, VEP amplitudes in both DD patients were clearly smaller than those in TYP. fMRI images revealed that both the primary and secondary visual cortices were activated by black-and- white sinusoidal gratings in the TYP group, whereas activity in the visual cortex overall was reduced in both DD patients.Conclusions: Present low spatial and high reversal frequency visual stimuli activated the primary visual cortex presumably through predominant activation of the magnocellular pathway. This finding indicates that some cases of adult patients of DD involve impairment of the visual magnocellular system.
文摘[目的]对深圳市部分小学生视觉运动统合能力发育进行测查，为制定深圳市儿童视觉运动整合发育常模作准备。[方法]整群抽取深圳市某小学1337名学生，剔除由于躯体残疾、智力问题等因素造成发育障碍、学习困难等25名学生，共采集6岁0月～12岁11个月样本1312个，其中男704例，女608例。运用视觉运动统合发育测验（The Beery Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual—Motor Integration，VMI）进行测试。[结果]各年龄VMI测试原始分数分别为：17．66±2．38（6岁）、19．11±2．63（7岁）、19．86±2．64（8岁）、20．89±2．67（9岁）、21．64±2．71（10岁）、22．44±2．77（11岁）、23．16±2．62（12岁）；与台湾常模样本比较，VMI测试原始分数8岁前高于台湾常模，9岁后低于台湾常模样本标准，且在一些年龄段有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。在测评过程中发现某些图形失误率较高，较明显的是第20图。学业成就的研究显示儿童VMI得分与数学、语文成绩等级高度相关（P〈0．01）。[结论]深圳市小学生视觉运动统合能力随年龄增长而增进，其VMI成绩表现与台湾儿童比较有差异，某些图形的难度顺序可能需重新排列，VMI测验对评价儿童的学习能力有一定的实用价值，有必要制定地方常模。
