The efficacy of vitamin E in preventing arthrofibrosis after joint replacement

Background:Arthrofibrosis is a joint disorder characterized by excessive scar formation in the joint tissues.Vitamin E is an antioxidant with potential anti-fibroblastic effect.The aim of this study was to establish an arthrofibrosis rat model after joint replacement and assess the effects of vitamin E supplementation on joint fibrosis.Methods:We simulated knee replacement in 16 male Sprague–Dawley rats.We immobilized the surgical leg with a suture in full flexion.The control groups were killed at 2 and 12 weeks(n=5 per group),and the test group was supplemented daily with vitamin E(0.2 mg/mL)in their drinking water for 12 weeks(n=6).We performed histological staining to investigate the presence and severity of arthrofibrosis.Immunofluorescent staining andα2-macroglobulin(α2M)enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used to assess local and systemic inflammation.Static weight bearing(total internal reflection)and range of motion(ROM)were collected for functional assessment.Results:The ROM and weight-bearing symmetry decreased after the procedure and recovered slowly with still significant deficit at the end of the study for both groups.Histological analysis confirmed fibrosis in both lateral and posterior periarticular tissue.Vitamin E supplementation showed a moderate anti-inflammatory effect on the local and systemic levels.The vitamin E group exhibited significant improvement in ROM and weight-bearing symmetry at day 84 compared to the control group.Conclusions:This model is viable for simulating arthrofibrosis after joint replacement.Vitamin E may benefit postsurgical arthrofibrosis,and further studies are needed for dosing requirements.

Vitamin E in the management of pancreatic cancer: A scoping review

Pancreatic cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.Research investigating effective management strategies for pancreatic cancer is ongoing.Vitamin E,consisting of both tocopherol and tocotrienol,has demonstrated debatable effects on pancreatic cancer cells.Therefore,this scoping review aims to summarize the effects of vitamin E on pancreatic cancer.In October 2022,a literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus since their inception.Original studies on the effects of vitamin E on pancreatic cancer,including cell cultures,animal models and human clinical trials,were considered for this review.The literature search found 75 articles on this topic,but only 24 articles met the inclusion criteria.The available evidence showed that vitamin E modulated proliferation,cell death,angiogenesis,metastasis and inflammation in pancreatic cancer cells.However,the safety and bioavailability concerns remain to be answered with more extensive preclinical and clinical studies.More in-depth analysis is necessary to investigate further the role of vitamin E in the management of pancreatic cancers.

Complexity of vitamin E metabolism

Bioavailability of vitamin E is influenced by several factors, most are highlighted in this review. While gender, age and genetic constitution influence vitamin E bioavailability but cannot be modified, life-style and intake of vitamin E can be. Numerous factors must be taken into account however, i.e., when vitamin E is orally administrated, the food matrix may contain competing nutrients. The complex metabolic processes comprise intestinal absorption, vascular transport, hepatic sorting by intracellular binding proteins, such as the significant α-tocopherol-transfer protein, and hepatic metabolism. The coordinated changes involved in the hepatic metabolism of vitamin E provide an effective physiological pathway to protect tissues against the excessive accumulation of, in particular, non-α-tocopherol forms. Metabolism of vitamin E begins with one cycle of CYP4F2/CYP3A4-dependent ω-hydroxylation followed by five cycles of subsequent β-oxidation, and forms the water-soluble end-product carboxyethylhydroxychroman. All known hepatic metabolites can be conjugated and are excreted, depending on the length of their sidechain, either via urine or feces. The physiological handling of vitamin E underlies kinetics which vary between the different vitamin E forms. Here, saturation of the side-chain and also substitution of the chromanol ring system are important. Most of the metabolic reactions and processes that are involved with vitamin E are also shared by other fat soluble vitamins. Influencing interactions with other nutrients such as vitamin K or pharmaceuticals are also covered by this review. All these processes modulate the formation of vitamin E metabolites and their concentrations in tissues and body fluids. Differences in metabolism might be responsible for the discrepancies that have been observed in studies performed in vivo and in vitro using vitamin E as a supplement or nutrient. To evaluate individual vitamin E status, the analytical procedures used for detecting and quantifying vitamin E and its metabolites are crucial. The latest methods in analytics are presented.

Conjugation of Candida rugosa lipase with hydrophobic polymer improves esterification activity of vitamin E in nonaqueous solvent

We described a novel polymer-lipase conjugate for high-efficient esterification of vitamin E using vitamin E and succinic anhydride as the substrates in nonaqueous media.In this work,the monomer,N-isopropylacrylamide(NIPAM),was grafted onto Candida rugosa lipase(CRL)to synthesize poly(NIPAM)(pNIPAM)-CRL conjugate by atom transfer radical polymerization via the initiator coupled on the surface of CRL.The result showed that the catalytic efficiencies of pNIPAM-CRL conjugates(19.5-30.3 L·s^(-1)·mmol^(-1))were at least 7 times higher than that of free CRL(2.36 L·s^(-1)·mmol^(-1))in DMSO.It was attributed to a significant increase in Kcat of the conjugates in nonaqueous media.The synthesis catalyzed by pNIPAM-CRL co njugates was influenced by the length and density of the grafted polymer,water content,solvent polarity and molar ratio of the substrates.In the optimal synthesis,the reaction time was shortened at least 7 times,and yields of vitamin E succinate by pNIPAM-g-CRL and free CRL were obtained to be 75.4%and 6.6%at 55℃after the reaction for 1.5 h.The result argued that conjugation with pNIPAM induced conformational change of the lid on CRL based on hydrophobic interaction,thus providing a higher possibility of catalysis-favorable conformation on CRL in nonaqueous media.Moreover,pNIPAM conjugation improved the thermal stability of CRL greatly,and the stability improved further with an increase of chain length of pNIPAM.At the optimal reaction conditions(55℃and 1.5 h),pNIPAM-g-CRL also exhibited good reusability in the enzymatic synthesis of vitamin E succinate and kept~70%of its catalytic activity after ten consecutive cycles.The research demonstrated that pNIPAM-g-CRL was a more competitive biocatalyst in the enzymatic synthesis of vitamin E succinate and exhibited good application potential under harsh industrial conditions.

Serum Vitamin E Reference Intervals in a Black Congolese Population of Kinshasa

Context: Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant and plays an important role in human reproduction. However, micronutrient deficiency is a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for vitamin E in black Congolese people of childbearing age using an ELISA method to provide a reference for clinically assessing vitamin E status. Methods: A total of 127 healthy people between the ages of 20 and 42 who underwent check-ups were randomly selected for the study. ELISA method measured the level of vitamin E. The effect of gender on vitamin E level was assessed, and RI was established using a parametric approach. Results: Women showed significantly higher levels of vitamin E than men (p = 0.01). The RI of vitamin E in people of childbearing age was 3.71 to 13.72, 4.52 to 14.64, and 4.17 to 13.52 mg/L, respectively, for the whole population, women and men. Conclusion: Using an ELISA method, this study established RI for vitamin E in the black Congolese population of childbearing age. We also found that women had significantly higher vitamin E levels than men. The results could provide a scientific basis for interpreting vitamin status in people of childbearing age in our setting.

Vitamin E modulates androgen receptor gene expression to attenuate ovarian dysfunctions in a rat model of dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovary

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of vitamin E in dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)-induced polycystic ovary in rats.Methods:Premature female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups,with 7 rats in each group.Group栺received corn oil(vehicle)and served as the control group;group栻received 0.2 mL of 0.06 mg/g DHEA in corn oil;group栿received 200 mg/kg vitamin E;group桇received DHEA plus vitamin E.All treatments lasted for 15 days,with DHEA administered subcutaneously,while vitamin E and corn oil were administered orally.After the experiment,serum samples and ovaries were harvested for biochemical,immunohistochemical,hormonal,and histological analysis.The ovarian mRNA expression of androgen receptor was analyzed by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Results:The antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activity significantly decreased in the DHEA-treated rats compared to the control rats(P<0.05).Administration of vitamin E to DHEAtreated rats significantly decreased cytokines and malondialdehyde compared to the DHEA-treated rats.The histological analysis showed reduced atretic and cystic ovaries,increased E-cadherin and Bcl-2 expression,and reduced expression of Bax in the DHEAtreated rats co-treated with vitamin E.The mRNA expression of androgen receptor was upregulated in the DHEA-treated rats compared to the control rats.Conclusions:Vitamin E ameliorates the hyperandrogenic effect of DHEA-induced polycystic ovaries via metabolic,antioxidant,and anti-apoptotic pathways.

A comparison of the effect of Vitamin D and Vitamin E supplementations,alone,and in combination,on reducing the intensity and duration of dysmenorrhea in women:A randomized controlled trial

Objective:The aim of this study is to compare the effect of Vitamin D and Vitamin E supplementations,alone,and in combination,on reducing the intensity and duration of dysmenorrhea in women who were referred to the Kowsar gynecological clinics of Shahid Motahari Hospital of Urmia University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods:A double-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 112 women with dysmenorrhea who were randomly allocated into the four study groups.Finally,100 women complete the study and received capsules containing a placebo(n=25),1000 IU of Vitamin D(n=25),400 mg of Vitamin E(n=25),and 1000 IU of Vitamin D+400 mg of Vitamin E(n=25)every 24 h for 2 consecutive months at the beginning of the menstrual period.The pain intensity and duration among groups were compared before and after the intervention.Results:The mean menstrual pain duration in all three experimental groups(Vitamin E,Vitamin D,and the combination of them)was lower than the placebo group(all P<0.05),and the mean pain intensity scores in all three experimental groups were significantly lower than the placebo group(all P<0.05).The results(means)for all of the drugs administered at the end of the 2nd month were better than the 1st month(all P<0.01).Conclusions:Vitamin E and Vitamin D,as well as their combination,are recommended as an effective and safe treatment for the management of the complications of dysmenorrhea.

Subclinical atherosclerosis is linked to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth via vitamin K2-dependent mechanisms

AIM To assess the rate of matrix Gla-protein carboxylation in patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO) and to decipher its association with subclinical atherosclerosis.METHODS Patients with suspected SIBO who presented with a low risk for cardiovascular disease and showed no evidence of atherosclerotic plaques were included in the study. A glucose breath test was performed in order to confirm the diagnosis of SIBO and vascular assessment was carried out by ultrasound examination. Plasma levels of the inactive form of MGP(dephosphorylateduncarboxylated matrix Gla-protein) were quantified by ELISA and vitamin K2 intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire.RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were included in the study. SIBO was confirmed in 12/39(30.8%) patients who also presented with a higher concentration ofdephosphorylated-uncarboxylated matrix Gla-protein(9.5 μg/L vs 4.2 μg/L; P = 0.004). Arterial stiffness was elevated in the SIBO group(pulse-wave velocity 10.25 m/s vs 7.68 m/s; P = 0.002) and this phenomenon was observed to correlate linearly with the levels of dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated matrix Gla-protein(β = 0.220, R2 = 0.366, P = 0.03). Carotid intima-media thickness and arterial calcifications were not observed to be significantly elevated as compared to controls.CONCLUSION SIBO is associated with reduced matrix Gla-protein activation as well as arterial stiffening. Both these observations are regarded as important indicators of subclinical atherosclerosis. Hence, screening for SIBO, intestinal decontamination and supplementation with vitamin K2 has the potential to be incorporated into clinical practice as additional preventive measures.

Vitamin E in ataxia and neurodegenerative diseases:A review

Vitamin E is one of the most important lipid-soluble antioxidants. It is essential for the neurological function but its role in the central nervous system has not fully been elucidated. It is known that tocopherol acts in protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage and it can act as an anti-in?ammatory agent, which may also be neuroprotective, as well as regulating speci?c enzymes. There is growing evidence that oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative disorders. These diseases are defined by the progressive loss of speci?c neuronal cell populations and are associated with protein aggregates. We reviewed some aspects related to the role of antioxidant properties of Vitamin E in preventing and/or curing neurodegenerative disorders such as the Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ataxia, tardive dyskinesia and Huntington’s disease.

The protective effect of vitamin E against oxidative damage caused by formaldehyde in the testes of adult rats

Aim： To investigate the effect of formaldehyde （FA） on testes and the protective effect of vitamin E （VE） against oxidative damage by FA in the testes of adult rats. Methods： Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups： （1） control; （2） FA treatment group （FAt）; and （3） FAt ＋ VE group. FAt and FAt ＋ VE groups were exposed to FA by inhalation at a concentration of 10 mg/m^3 for 2 weeks. In addition, FAt ＋ VE group were orally administered VE during the 2-week FA treatment. After the treatment, the histopathological and biochemical changes in testes, as well as the quantity and quality of sperm, were observed. Results： The testicular weight, the quantity and quality of sperm, the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and glutathione （GSH） were significantly decreased whereas the level of malondialdehyde （MDA） was significantly increased in testes of rats in FAt group compared with those in the control group. VE treatment restored these parameters in FAt ＋ VE group. In addition, microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining showed that seminiferous tubules atrophied, seminiferous epithelial cells disintegrated and shed in rats in FAt group and VE treatment significantly improved the testicular structure in FAt ＋ VE group. Conclusion： FA destroys the testicular structure and function in adult rats by inducing oxidative stress, and this damage could be partially reversed by VE.

Radio-protective effect of vitamin E on spermatogenesis in mice exposed to γ-irradiation: a flow cytometric study

Aim: To investigate the effect of vitamin E on the radioprotection of spermatogenesis and chromatin condensation of spermatozoa during passage through the epididymis in mice exposed to irradiation. Methods: Adult outbred male ICR mice were orally administered natural vitamin E (VE, D-α-tocopheryl acetate) at 400 IU/kg for 7 days before exposure to 1 Gy of γ-irradiation. The animals were sacrificed at day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 70 post-irradiation (IR) and the percentage of testicular germ cells and epididymal sperm chromatin condensation was analyzed using flow cytometry. Results: Serum D-α-tocopheryl acetate levels were 47.4 ± 3.2 μg/dL in the treated group, yet it could not be detected in the control group. The testicular weight of irradiated mice pretreated with VE+IR was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of those without VE treatment (IR) at day 14 and 21 post-irradiation. The percentage of primary spermatocytes (4C) in the VE+IR group was comparable to the controls but significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in the IR group from day 7 to 35 post-irradiation. The percentage of round spermatids (1C) in the VE+IR group was also significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in the IR group at day 28 post-irradiation. The primary spermatocytes : spermatogonia ratio in the IR group was significantly (P<0.05) declined at day 7 to 35 post-irradiation when compared to the VE+IR and control groups. The round spermatid : spermatogonia ratio in the VE+IR group was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the IR group at day 14 and 28 post-irradiation. The chromatin condensation of epididymal spermatozoa measured by propidium iodide uptake was not affected by 1 Gy of γ-irradiation. Conclusion: The administration of VE prior to irradiation protects spermatogenic cells from radiation.

Effects of dietary vitamin E on muscle vitamin E and fatty acid content in Aohan fine-wool sheep

Background： Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） content and decreasing the saturated fatty acid （SFA） content of mutton can help to improve its nutritional value for consumers. Several laboratories have evaluated the effects of vitamin E on the fatty acid （FA） composition of muscle in sheep. However, little information is available on wool sheep, even though wool sheep breeds are an important source of mutton, especially in northern China where sheep are extensively farmed. The present study was designed to address the effects of vitamin E on muscle FA composition in male Aohan fine-wool sheep. Methods： Forty-two male Aohan fine-wool lambs （5 mo old） with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into seven groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 （control group）, 20, 100, 200, 1,000, 2,000, or 2,400 IU/sheep/d vitamin E for 12 mo. Three lambs from each group were slaughtered to measure vitamin E and FA content in the Iongissimus lumborum （LL） and gluteus medius （GM） muscles. Results： Vitamin E concentrations in the LL and GM increased significantly after 12 mo of vitamin E supplementation （P 〈 0.05）. However, this increase did not occur in a dose-dependent manner because the muscle vitamin E concentration was highest in the 200 IU/sheep/d group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation also caused a significant reduction in SFA content and an increase in monounsaturated FA （MUFA） content in the LL and GM （P 〈 0.05）. All six doses of vitamin E significantly increased cis9 tronsl -conjugated linoleic acid （cgtl -CLA） content in the LL compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： Dietary supplementation with vitamin E increased muscle vitamin E content and improved the nutritional value of mutton by decreasing SFA content and increasing MUFA and c9tl 1-CLA contents in Aohan fine-wool sheep. These effects were greatest in sheep fed a diet containing 200 IU/sheep/d vitamin E.

Status of vitamin E and reduced glutathione in semen of oligozoospermic and azoospermic patients

Aim: To investigate the status of seminal plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) and vitamin E in three different condi-tions of spermatogenesis: azoospermia, oligozoospermia and nonnospennia. Methods: Reduced glutathione wasmeasured in the seminal plasma by the method of Moron et al (1979), and vitamin E estimation was performed by themethod of Taylor et al (1976). Results: Vitamin E levels in seminal plasma of oligospermic and azoospennic sam-ples were significantly decreased to 65.54% and 66.04% respectively as compared to the normospermic group. Levelsof reduced glutathione were also significantly decreased in oligospermic and azoospennic group, and the reduction inazoospermic group (76.73%) was more pronounced than oligozoospermic group (62.07%). Conclusion. The de-crease in reduced glutathione, an endogenous antioxidant, levels in azoospermic and oligozoospermic conditions maycause dismption in the membrane integrity of spermatozoa as a consequence of increased oxidative stress.

Effect of vitamin E on human sperm motility and lipid peroxidation in vitro

Aim: To assess the protective efficacy of vitamin E to counteract the reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated damage onsperm motility, viability and lipid peroxidation. Methods: Human semen samples were obtained from the local hospi-tal. The split seminal fractions freed of seminal plasma were reconstituted in Ringer-Tyrode and subjected to varied vita-min E concentrations (0.1 - 2 mmol/L). Results: Dose-dependent improvement in both motility and viability accom-panied by concomitant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA--an end product of lipid peroxidation) following vitamin Esupplementation was noticed. Conclusion: Vitamin E protects against the ROS mediated damage on spermatozoa.Vitamin E supplementation could be of clinical importance for prolonged spermatozoal storage whenever needed. (AsianJ Androl 1999 Sep; 1: 151 - 154 )

Vitamin E ameliorates aflatoxin-induced biochemical changes in the testis of mice

Aim: To assess the effect of aflatoxin on biochemical changes in the testis of mice and the possibility of ameliorationby vitamin E treatment. Methods: Adult male albino mice were orally administered with 25 or 50μg of aflatoxin/animal/day (750 or 1500 μg/kg body weight) for 45 days. The testis was isolated and processed for biochemical anal-ysis. Results; There was a significant, dose-dependent reduction in DNA, RNA, protein, sialic acid contents andthe activities of succinic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the testis of aflatoxin-treated mice as compared to the vehicle control. However, the acid phosphatase activity was significantly increased inthe aflatoxin-treated mice. Vitamin E (2 mg/animal/day) treatment significantly ameliorated the aflatoxin-inducedchanges, except the acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in the high dose group. Conclusion; Vitamin E treat-ment ameliorates the aflatoxin-induced changes in the testis of mice. (Asian J Androl 2001 Dec; 3: 305 - 309)

Ameliorative effect of vitamin E on aflatoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in the testis of mice

Aim: To evaluate the ameliorative effect of vitamin E on aflatoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in the testis. Meth-ods: Adult male albino mice were orally administered 25 or 50 μg of aflatoxin in 0.2 mL olive oil per d for 45 d.The testis was isolated, blotted free of blood and processed for biochemical analysis. Results: There was a dose-de-pendent significantly higher lipid peroxidation in the testis of aflatoxin treated mice than in the controls. The levels ofnon-enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione, total and reduced ascorbic acid, as well as the activities of enzymaticantioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were significantly lower in the testis ofaflatoxin treated mice. Vitamin E (2 mg/d per animal; orally) pretreatment significantly ameliorates the aflatoxin-in-duced lipid peroxidation which could be due to higher enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the testis of mice ascompared with those given aflatoxin alone. Conclusion: Vitamin E pretreatment significantly ameliorates aflatoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in the testis of mice. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3: 217 - 221)

Dimethoate Induced Oxidative Damage and Histopathological Changes in lung of Adult rats:Modulatory Effects of Selenium and/or Vitamin E

Objective To determine the efficiency of selenium and/or vitamin E to alleviate lung oxidative damage induced by dimethoate, an organophosphorus compound. Methods Adult Wistar rats were exposed during 30 days either to dimethoate （0.2 g/L of drinking water）, dimethoate＋selenium （0.5 mg/kg of diet）, dimethoate＋vitamin E （100 mg/kg of diet）, or dimethoate＋selenium＋vitamin E. Results Exposure to dimethoate caused oxidative stress in lung evidenced by an increase of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl groups and advanced oxidation protein products. An increase in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and a decrease in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities, glutathione, non-protein thiols and vitamins C levels were observed. Histopathological changes in lung tissue were noted as emphysema, hemorrhages and hemosiderin deposits. Co-administration of selenium or vitamin E to the diet of dimethoate treated rats ameliorated the biochemical parameters as well as histological impairments. The joint effect of these elements was more powerful in antagonizing dimethoate-induced lung oxidative damage. Conclusion We concluded that selenium and vitamin E ameliorated the toxic effects of this pesticide in lung tissue suggesting their role as potential antioxidants.

Growth performance,oxidative stress and immune status of newly weaned pigs fed peroxidized lipids with or without supplemental vitamin E or polyphenols

Background:This study evaluated the use of dietary vitamin E and polyphenols on growth,immune and oxidative status of weaned pigs fed peroxidized lipids.A total of 192 piglets(21 days of age and body weight of 6.62±1.04 kg)were assigned within sex and weight blocks to a 2×3 factorial arrangement using 48 pens with 4 pigs per pen.Dietary treatments consisted of lipid peroxidation(6%edible soybean oil or 6%peroxidized soybean oil),and antioxidant supplementation(control diet containing 33 IU/kg DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate;control with 200 IU/kg additional dl-α-tocopheryl-acetate;or control with 400 mg/kg polyphenols).Pigs were fed in 2 phases for 14 and 21 days,respectively.Results:Peroxidation of oil for 12 days at 80°C with exposure to 50 L/min of air substantially increased peroxide values,anisidine value,hexanal,and 2,4-decadienal concentrations.Feeding peroxidized lipids decreased(P<0.001)body weight(23.16 vs.18.74 kg),daily gain(473 vs.346 g/d),daily feed intake(658 vs.535 g/d)and gain:feed ratio(719 vs.647 g/kg).Lipid peroxidation decreased serum vitamin E(P<0.001)and this decrease was larger on day 35(1.82 vs.0.81 mg/kg)than day 14(1.95 vs.1.38 mg/kg).Supplemental vitamin E,but not polyphenols,increased(P≤0.002)serum vitamin E by 84%and 22%for control and peroxidized diets,respectively(interaction,P=0.001).Serum malondialdehyde decreased(P<0.001)with peroxidation on day 14,but not day 35 and protein carbonyl increased(P<0.001)with peroxidation on day 35,but not day 14.Serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was not affected(P>0.05).Total antioxidant capacity decreased with peroxidation(P<0.001)and increased with vitamin E(P=0.065)and polyphenols(P=0.046)for the control oil diet only.Serum cytokine concentrations increased with feeding peroxidized lipids on day 35,but were not affected by antioxidant supplementation(P>0.05).Conclusion:Feeding peroxidized lipids negatively impacted growth performance and antioxidant capacity of nursery pigs.Supplementation of vitamin E and polyphenols improved total antioxidant capacity,especially in pigs fed control diets,but did not restore growth performance.

Protective effects of vitamin E on ethane dimethane sulfonate-induced testicular toxicity in rats

Aim： To evaluate the protective/ameliorative effects of vitamin E （vit E） on ethane dimethane sulfonate （EDS） induced testicular toxicity in rats. Methods： The rats were assigned to eight groups, seven rats in each, and were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle, a single dose of ethane dimethane sulfonate （EDS） （75 mg/kg bodyweight）, vit E （100 mg/kg bodyweight） or EDS ＋ vit E for 3-7 days. Thereafter, the rats were weighed, anaesthetized with ether and killed by cervical dislocation. The left testis weights were recorded and the relative testis weights were calculated. The left testes were processed for routine paraffin embedding. Three right testes from each group were taken randomly and then processed for routine electron microscopy. Tissue sections were examined using light and electron microscopy, and were scored for histopathological changes. Results： Vit E coadministration did not prevent the bodyweight loss on days 3 and 7. However, vit E administration prevented the EDS-induced testicular-weight loss in rats that received vit E for 3 days but not 7 days. The relative testis weight was higher on day 3 （instead of on day 7） than other groups. Nevertheless, the testis histology was not markedly protected by vit E in the EDS-treated rats. Detailed microscopic assessment showed few Leydig cells and abundant fibroblast-like cells indicating only some protection. Conclusion： Vit E cotreatment showed partial protective effects on the testicular weight and testicular histology in rats that received EDS.

Effect of Tea Polyphenols and Vitamin E on Antioxidant Performance in Broilers

[ Objedlve] To investigate the effects of tea polyphenols （TP） and vitamin E （VE ） on growth performance and antioxidant performance of broilers in the routine breeding conditions. [ Method] A total of 270 broilers at 1 day old were fed on the basic diets supplemented with TP and VE at different proportions. The malondialdehyde （MDA） content, total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） as well as activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） were measured. The whole weight gain and feed conversion rate were also determined. [ Result] The broilers fed on TP and VE had remarkably higher serum activities of SOD and GSH-Px, stronger T-AOC and lower MDA content than the control ones. The best effects were achieved when the supplementary dosage of -rP and VE was respectively 60 and 80 mg/kg · Diet, because the experi- mental broilers had significantly higher antioxidant indices than the control ones （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Additionally, the boilers at the age of 21 or 42 days old had significantly higher body weight and lower feed conversion rate than the control ones （ P 〈 0.01 ）. [ Conclusion] The study provides a theoreti- cal basis for the applications of TP and VE in animal production.